高三英语语法复习十五:名词
语法复习十五:名词(一)考纲要求名词应掌握以下内容:分清名词的可数性与不可数性;可数名词有单复数,有些名词只有复数;物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用;名词所有格和of格的语言现象;名词直接作定语;国家名词的正确使用;名词词义的区分和搭配;单位名词的搭配;名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等;time及常考点。
(三)知识概要英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称,它的第一个字母必须大写。
如:Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。
普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称,可分为:个体名词(可数,如:worker, father, book, tree, school等);集体名词(可数,如:people, family, class, team等);物质名词(不可数,如:iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等);抽象名词(不可数,如:life, thought, idea, strength等)。
注意:可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异——即学习的重点。
而很多英语名词具有双重性。
即,名词的类别不是固定不变的,它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换,其名词类别的转换可归纳如下:1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词e.g. Our school is not far from my home.(个体)我们学校离我家不远。
School is over at six.(抽象)六点钟放学。
2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词e.g. He broke a piece of glass.(物质)他打破了一块玻璃。
He broke a glass.(个体)他打破了一个杯子。
3、个体名词转专有名词e.g. His father is a teacher.(个体)他父亲是个教师。
“What are you doing there?” Father asked.(专有)“你在那儿干什么?”父亲问道。
(四)名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:①一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, photo → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories④以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knif e → knives, leaf → leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe (保险箱)→ safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep②不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen。
但是,German → Germans③复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes 各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
②物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。
如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。
③有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。
如:work(工作)→ works(著作),arm(手臂)→ arms(军火),glass(玻璃)→ glasses(眼镜),cloth(布)→ clothes(衣服)。
④定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓…的人。
如:the Wangs王家,three Wangs三个姓王的。
⑤只用作单数的复数形式的名词。
如:physics, mathematics, news, the United States⑥有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。
如:police, people, cattle⑦有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。
如:class, family, couple, audience, government, public⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。
表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。
如:How did you smooth away the difficulties?(指各种具体困难);It is a great pleasure to talk with you.;What a surprise!(五)名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。
1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。
如:Tom’s bike, Engles’s (Engles’) works,a works’ school, Women’s Day, the editor-in-chief’s office2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”。
如:Tom and Mike’s room.(共有),Tom’s and Mike’s b ooks.(不共有)。
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格,如:today’s papers, ten minutes’ walk4、表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。
如:the tailor’s5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。
如:the window of the room6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。
如:the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词,这个名词是确定的。
被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。
如:an old friend of my uncle’s, a daughter of Mrs Green’s, the house of one of my friends(六)名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。
e.g. stone figures(石像);paper money(纸币);country music(乡村音乐);table cloth(桌布);river bank(河岸);school gate(校门口);book stores(书店);traffic lights(交通灯);summer holidays(暑假);evening dress(晚礼服)。
但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。
e.g. sports meet(运动会);the United States government(美国政府);students reading-room (学生阅览室);goods train(货车);two men doctors(两个男医生)。
练习、名词1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leaves2. There are three ____ in our factory.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’sB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’sC. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’sD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so asD. such a8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.A. soundB. soundsC. the soundsD. a sound10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate(军营门口).A. have gatheredB. has gatheredC. isD. was12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. size13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A great deal ofD. A number of14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.A. handB. a handC. handsD. the hands15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.A. high price aB. high priceC. a high priceD. high a price17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. W ang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s20. Have you ever read ____?A. today newspaperB. newspaper todayC. newspaper of todayD. today’s newspaper21. Two ____ wa lk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’22. The mother over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.A. an yone’sB. anyone elseC. anyone’s else’sD. anyone else’s24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.A. informationB. newsC. messageD. flash28. Food and ____ are daily necessities(需要)for the people.A. clothB. clotheC. clothesD. clothing29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedB. matter, happenedC. event, was taken placeD. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.A. beatingB. waysC. knockingD. striking32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.A. The publicB. PeopleC. WomenD. Man33. He was an ____ in the government ____.A. office, officialB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officer34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.A. character, characterB. characters, charactersC. character, charactersD. characters, character35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.A. every other daysB. each other dayC. every other dayD. every two day36. My friend will return in ____.A. one day or twoB. a day or twoC. one day or twoD. a or two days37. ____ is always difficult for me.A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isD. are43. “Where ____ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.A. in nice spiritsB. in nice spiritC. in high spiritsD. in high spirit45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advices47. We are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, GermansB. Englishmen, GermanC. Englishmans, GermansD. Englishmen, Germen48. ____ are made of ____.A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glasses49. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of50. There are two ____ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu’s D. Lius’51. ____ is needed in cold countries.A. A lot of clothesB. Much clothingC. Many a clothD. Lots of clothes52. They are ____. A. mathematics student B. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematicsD. mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions(反应).A. mouses’B. miceC. mices’D. mice’s54. This letter was sent by ____.A. my father friendB. my father friend’sC. a friend of my father’sD. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.A. a little white hairB. some white hairC. a few white hairD. a few white hairs56. I have made ____ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi’an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.A. woman teacherB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little______ .A. useB. goodC. differenceD. result60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. waitB. delayC. timeD. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .A. excuseB. senseC. useD. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time.A. ideaB. thoughtC. mindD. intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ .A. travelB. tourismC. journeyD. course64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. viewB. glanceC. screenD. scene65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海)A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?A. situationB. placeC. partD. position67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.A. situationB. expressionC. conditionD. translation68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. viewD. appreciation69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.A. energyB. forceC. powerD. materials71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A. ContrastB. CompetitionC. ContactD. Combination72. We all know that______speak louder than words.A. movementsB. performancesC. operationsD. actions73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38)A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)A. cup of coffeeB. coffee's cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship77.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A. wealth; workB. wealths ; worksC. wealths; workD. wealth; works78.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10)A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. rest79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18)A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice80.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海20)A. practiceB. educationC. exerciseD. training81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15)A. energyB. sourceC. powerD. material82.You'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)A. priceB. costC. valueD. usefulness83.We all know that ___speak louder than words.(1999.上海24)A. movementsB. performancesC. operationsD. actions84.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25)A. wayB. methodC. mannerD. fashion语法复习十五:名词1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA 11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD26~30 BADBD 31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA 46~50 BABCB51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB 61~65 BACAA 66~70 DADCA 71~75 CDCBD76~80 ADCAD 81~84 ACDA。
高考英语名词的知识点
高考英语名词的知识点(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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高考英语语法之名词性从句
1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词的句法作用:名词在句中主要作主语、宾 语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。 3.名词性从句: 在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当, 这个句子就叫名词性从句。 4.名词性从句的种类: 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分, 名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句。
2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.
(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)
宾语从句
在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导 词有连词that (that 常可省 略),whether,if; 代词有who, whose,what ,which
表语从句
在复合句中作主句的表语. 引导词有连词that (that 不可 省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;
副词 when ,where, how, why
等.
The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him.
This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
(4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right.
(6).Whoever goes there must get ready by 6 o’clock.
高中英语名词考点
高中英语名词考点在高中英语的学习中,名词是一个重要的语法板块。
掌握好名词的相关考点,对于提升英语语言能力和应对考试都具有重要意义。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨高中英语名词的常见考点。
一、名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词指特定的人、地方、机构等的名称,如 China(中国)、New York(纽约)、Microsoft(微软)等,其首字母通常要大写。
普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,如 book(书,单数)、books(书,复数)。
而不可数名词没有复数形式,如 water(水)、information(信息)。
二、可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式变化规则多样。
一般情况下,直接在名词后加s,如 cats(猫)、dogs(狗)。
以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词,加 es,如 buses(公共汽车)、boxes(盒子)、watches(手表)、dishes(盘子)。
以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词,把 y 变为 i 再加 es,如 babies(婴儿)、cities(城市);但以元音字母+y 结尾的名词,直接加s,如 toys(玩具)、days(天)。
以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,把 f 或 fe 变为 v再加 es,如 leaves(树叶)、knives(刀);但有些词直接加 s,如roofs(屋顶)。
还有一些不规则的名词复数形式需要特别记忆,如 man men(男人)、woman women(女人)、child children(孩子)、foot feet (脚)、tooth teeth(牙齿)等。
三、不可数名词的量化不可数名词不能用具体的数字来表示数量,但可以借助一些量词来量化。
常见的量词有piece(片、块、件)、bottle(瓶)、cup(杯)、glass(玻璃杯)、bag(袋)等。
例如,a piece of paper(一张纸)、a bottle of water(一瓶水)、two cups of coffee(两杯咖啡)。
高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词知识精讲
高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词【本讲主要内容】英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词【知识总结归纳】1. 名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时,要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词,以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如:a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而:many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前,much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词,an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如:an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1〕不定冠词:不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法,用四个字概括,“每、一、类、某〞。
①表示“每日〞、“每周〞……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个〞,但仍译为“一个〞、“有个〞。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2〕定冠词的用法:①特指某人或某物,指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
高三英语语法名词的复习教案
高三英语语法名词的复习教案一、教学目标1.让学生掌握名词的基本概念、分类和用法。
2.培养学生运用名词进行句子构建的能力。
3.提高学生对名词相关考点的理解和应用。
二、教学内容1.名词的概念和分类2.名词的数和格3.名词的用法4.名词相关考点三、教学过程1.导入师:同学们,我们今天来复习一下名词。
请问大家知道名词是什么吗?生:名词就是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词。
师:很好!那我们就从名词的概念和分类开始吧。
2.名词的概念和分类师:名词分为两大类:可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词没有复数形式。
请同学们举例说明。
生1:可数名词如:book,table,apple等。
生2:不可数名词如:water,r,rice等。
师:很好!我们来看一下名词的数和格。
3.名词的数和格师:名词的数分为单数和复数。
单数名词通常加“-s”或“-es”变为复数。
但有些名词变复数时需要特殊变化,比如:childchildren,manmen等。
名词的格分为三种:主格、宾格和属格。
主格用于名词作主语,宾格用于名词作宾语,属格用于表示所有关系。
师:请同学们用所学的名词,分别构成单数和复数形式,并说明其格。
生1:bookbooks(主格:Thebookisonthetable.宾格:Ilikethisbook.属格:Thisismybook.)生2:childchildren(主格:Thechildrenareplaying.宾格:Iseethechildren.属格:Thechildren'sbooksarehere.)4.名词的用法师:名词在句子中的用法有很多,比如作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
请同学们用所学的名词,分别构成不同成分的句子。
生1:主语:Thecatissleeping.生2:宾语:Iboughtabook.生3:表语:Sheisateacher.生4:定语:Thegirl'sbagisred.5.名词相关考点师:在高考英语中,名词的考点主要包括名词的单复数、格、所有格、同义词辨析等。
高中英语会考语法复习2-名词
语法复习十五:名词(一)名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:①一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, ph oto → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories④以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife → knives, leaf → leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe (保险箱)→ safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, means②不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen。
但是,German → Germans③复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:名词知识点
2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:名词知识点【高考必考点:名词的单复数(100%)和所有格(20%)。
】概述:名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。
1.名词的分类名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是个人、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称。
如:John(约翰), Mr Smith(史密斯先生), France(法国), London (伦敦), the United Nations(联合国), the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)。
普通名词是一类人或物或是一个抽象概念的名称。
如:worker(工人), family(家庭), cotton(棉花), information (信息)。
普通名词可分为以下四类:个体名词表示某一类人或物的个体。
如:man(男人), lawyer(律师), window(窗子), dog(狗)。
集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。
如:police(警察), group(组), cattle(牛), committee(委员会)。
物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。
如:air(空气), water (水), grain(粮食), iron(铁)。
抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象概念。
如:strength(力气,力量), love(爱), happiness(高兴,幸福), revolution(革命)。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。
物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。
注:a. 不可数名词要表示数量时,不能直接在其前面加不定冠词或数词,需加量词(有一些词在汉语中是可数的,在英语中却是不可数的)。
如: a piece of news/advice/information/bread/furniture(一则消息……) a cake of soap(一块肥皂) a bar of chocolate (一块巧克力)b. 可数名词与不可数名词的相互转化:I. 不可数名词向可数名词转化(或称为物质名词和抽象名词的具体化)。
高考关于名词的知识点
高考关于名词的知识点名词作为英语语法的重要组成部分,在高考中占据了重要的地位。
掌握好名词的相关知识点,不仅能够帮助我们在选择题和填空题中做出正确的选择,还能够在写作和阅读理解等方面提升我们的语言表达能力。
本文将重点介绍高考中常见的名词知识点,包括名词的分类、单复数形式、所有格以及一些特殊的名词用法。
一、名词的分类名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。
可数名词可以单独使用,可以用于复数形式,而不可数名词则不能用于复数形式。
理解名词的分类对于高考考题的解答至关重要。
在理解和使用名词时,我们需要注意名词的可数与不可数的特点,以便正确使用和搭配。
二、名词的单复数形式名词的单复数形式也是高考中一个常见的考点。
有些名词的复数形式与其单数形式完全相同,如deer、sheep等。
而有些名词则需要在单词末尾加上es,如box→boxes;有些名词则需要将词尾的辅音字母加上ies并去掉y变i,如baby→babies。
此外,还有一些名词变化形式特殊,需记忆和区分,如child→children,man→men等。
三、名词的所有格名词的所有格用于表示名词与其所属的关系。
一般情况下,我们可以通过在名词后面加上's来表示所有格,如girl's book,Tom's car等。
对于以s结尾的名词,只需要在词尾加上一个撇号来表示所有格,如students' books,girls' dresses等。
但对于不少名词的所有格,需要注意其特殊变化形式,如women的所有格是women's,而不是womens's。
四、名词的特殊用法在高考中,也会经常遇到一些特殊的名词用法。
例如,集体名词指的是一组人或物的集合,但它在句子中作主语时,可以用单数形式,如The government is responsible for the welfare of its citizens. 另外,有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,其意思会有所不同,如hair作可数名词时指的是头发的总数,作不可数名词时指的是头发这种物质。
高三英语名词语法知识点
高三英语名词语法知识点名词是英语语法中重要的词类之一,它用来表示人、事物、地点、概念等。
在高三英语学习中,对名词的掌握和运用是非常重要的。
本文将介绍高三英语中的名词语法知识点,包括名词的定义、分类、单复数形式、所有格、冠词的使用以及名词性从句等内容。
一、名词的定义与分类名词是表示人、事物、地点、概念等的词语。
根据其性质和用法,名词分为以下几类:1. 专有名词:表示特定的人、地点、组织、品牌等,如Tom,China,Google等。
2. 普通名词:表示一类人、事物或概念,如teacher,book,love等。
3. 数词:表示数量或次序,如one,first,two等。
4. 物质名词:表示无法触摸或具体形态的物质,如water,air,love等。
二、名词的单复数形式名词有单数和复数形式,单数表示一个,复数表示多个。
一般情况下,名词的复数形式在词尾加-s或-es,但也有一些规则变化的例外。
以下是一些常见的名词复数形式变化规则:1. 一般情况下,在名词词尾加-s,如books,tables等。
2. 以-s,-ss,-sh,-ch,-x,-o结尾的名词,要在词尾加-es,如boxes,glasses,wishes等。
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要将-y变为-i,再加-es,如babies,berries等。
4. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词,要将-f或-fe变为-ves,如leaves,knives等。
三、名词的所有格名词的所有格用来表示所属关系或所拥有的关系。
一般情况下,在名词的后面加-apostrophe+s 's,表示单数所有格,如Tom's book,Lucy's bag等。
对于以-s结尾的名词复数,只需在词尾加-apostrophe ',表示复数所有格,如the students' books,the boys'toys等。
四、冠词的使用冠词是用来限定名词的词语,分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。
高三英语一轮语法复习讲义名词
第二讲:名词一、名词的命题规律名词是英语高考必考点之一。
高考中主要考查点有:动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。
语法填空题对名词的考查,常常以给提示词的形式出现,考查下列几方面的内容:动词形容词等转换成名词、名词单数变复数以及名词所有格等。
完形填空中主要考查的是短语中或名词的词义辨析。
阅读理解中主要考查名词的词义和名词的句法功能在语篇中的翻译。
书面表达中名词的运用与考查则更加灵活,以名词的句法功能为主。
二、名词的考点1. 名词的数1) 名词的单复数规则变化2) 名词的单复数不规则变化易错点:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如:two Englishmen。
但German和human不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans和humans。
3) 复合名词变复数✧复合名词变复数时,通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
bedroom→bedrooms卧室looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇✧如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变成复数。
go-between→go-betweens中间人look-out→look-outs守望者grown-up→grown-ups成年人✧易错点:man/woman+名词变复数时,作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式,如a man doctor→two men doctors4) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,表达复数含义✧如:people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,apolice,a cattle,但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.✧the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, theSwiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
