学术综合英语Unit8分析解析
外研社版学术英语综合Unit8译文
第八单元全球化Text A从柏柏尔人到巴赫的全球化之路马友友作为职业大提琴手已有三十余年，其间有整整二十个年头都一直奔波在巡演的路上，与此同时，我也致力于了解各种音乐的传统与文化。
正是这些旅途让我认识到文化传统在全球化的世界中所扮演的角色——为个体身份、社会安定与友好交流建立至关重要的框架。
当今世界变化日新月异，这必然会导致文化上的不稳定，人们也不禁对自身的定位产生疑问。
在全球化背景下，我们不得不屈从于他人的规则，因此常常会威胁到个体的特性。
这种处境令我们不安，因为屈从他人规则就意味着不得不改变我们坚守数千年并引以为傲的风俗习惯。
因此，当前全球化背景下的领导者们所面临的一个关键问题就是：如何才能在不牺牲个体特性与文化自豪感的同时，让各种文化和习俗逐渐发展到能够适应一个更大的平台呢？这些年的音乐之旅告诉我，全球化进程中的交流互动并不只会破坏文化，相反，它不仅能创造新的文化，而且还会为那些存在了几世纪的古老传统注入新的活力，使其被世界上更多的人熟知。
这一点与生态学上的群落“边缘效应”类似，后者本身是用来描述两个不同的生态系统交汇时的景象。
例如，在森林与大草原这两种生态系统的交界之处，存在着密度最小但种类最多的生命形态，而每一种形态都汲取了两种生态系统的精髓。
由此可见，有时候最有趣的事情往往发生在边缘地带，而交叉地带往往能够揭示出意想不到的联系。
文化，就像是聚集了世界各地瑰宝的拼图。
探索世界的途径之一正是深入地挖掘文化传统的核心。
举一个音乐领域的例子，每一位大提琴手的核心曲目都是巴赫的《无伴奏大提琴组曲》。
而每一个组曲的核心都是一种叫做萨拉班德舞（sarabande）的舞曲。
这种缓慢而感性的舞曲最早来自于北非柏柏尔人的音乐，随后流传到西班牙，但因当时人们认为曲子猥亵而遭到禁止。
后来西班牙人将这种舞曲又带到美洲，继而流传到了法国，在那里演化为一种庄严的宫廷舞蹈。
一直到十八世纪二十年代，巴赫才将萨拉班德舞曲作为一个乐章融入到他的组曲当中。
新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第八单元
第一节研究生学术英语写作概述1.1 研究生学术英语的重要性在当今信息爆炸的时代，学术英语已经成为研究生必备的一项能力，研究生需要用英语进行文献检索、写作发表学术论文、参加国际学术会议等活动，因此具备良好的学术英语能力是非常重要的。
1.2 研究生学术英语写作的特点研究生学术英语写作与普通英语写作有着明显的区别。
研究生论文要求严谨、规范、逻辑性强，需要运用大量的学术词汇和专业术语，因此研究生学术英语写作具有一定的专业性和技术性。
1.3 研究生学术英语写作的要求研究生学术英语写作要求文风严谨、思路清晰、逻辑严密、用词准确。
同时要求文章结构合理，论据充分，表达清晰流畅。
第二节研究生学术英语写作的基本步骤2.1 选题与立意研究生学术英语写作的第一步是选题与立意。
选题要有研究的价值和意义，符合自己的研究方向和兴趣爱好；立意要明确，不能偏离选题的研究范围，要确定写作的主题和内容。
2.2 文献检索与资料搜集研究生学术英语写作需要对相关的文献进行检索和阅读，积累资料和信息。
可以通过图书馆的文献资源、网络数据库、学术期刊等途径进行文献检索，获取论文所需的资料。
2.3 论文大纲的编写研究生学术英语写作需要先制定一份论文的大纲，包括概述、文献综述、研究方法、研究成果和结论等部分。
大纲的编写要突出主题，融合论文的整体思路和框架。
2.4 正式写作在完成以上准备工作后，就可以开始进行正式的写作了。
要遵循学术写作的规范，注重论据的支撑和数据的真实性，还要注意用词的准确性和表达的流畅性。
2.5 修改与润色写作完成后，还需要进行修改和润色。
修改要从论文的结构、内容、语言等方面入手，保障论文思路清晰，表达准确，逻辑严密，字里行间都能体现出严谨的学术态度。
第三节研究生学术英语写作的语言要求3.1 语法准确在学术英语写作中，语法错误是严重影响论文质量的因素之一。
研究生在写作时要注意句子结构的合理性、时态的使用准确性、句子成分的搭配等方面的问题，保证语法的准确性。
新标准大学英语综合教程4Unit5-unit8(非1-4)分析解析
Unit 5-unit8Unit5Active reading (1)4 Number the different parts of the passage in the order in which they occur.1 Refer to recent research to dispel the myth about male gossip.2 Reveal that men change topic of conversation when women are present.3 Focus on the difference of content between male and female gossip.4 Suggest that the myth about male gossip is really a problem of terminology.5 Present a detailed, technical account of how women gossip.6 Conclude that the vital difference between male and female gossip lies in the positive response of the audience.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see (decidedly)2 the reason that you do something (motive)3 main, or most importan t (principal)4 with qualities thought to be typical of men (masculine)5 to criticize something, or to suggest it is not good enough for you (sniff)6 lively or active (animated)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffed at the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedly male-dominated world? They argued. But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Rather than change to fit the programme – there is nothing (4) masculine about her – she created a new, more modern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy and rather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is (6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day‘s top matches.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to make other changes.1 Cultural and intellectual programmes tend to be broadcast very late in the evening. (Highbrow)2 At the beginning I was very shy, but I soon got to know everyone and made friends. (initially)3 The course I enjoyed most when I was studying linguistics was the one on the relationship betweenwords and meanings. (semantics)4 To find out more about English as a world language, we need reliable people who are able to give information. (informants)5 She sent me a bunch of roses when I got the job, and I did the same when she got promoted. (reciprocated)6 For some men there is still a feeling of embarrassment and unease about taking orders from afemale superior. (stigma)7 After the goal was disallowed, most of the words I could hear were swear words. (expletives)8 You can‘t speak like that to someone you don‘t know. It‘s a matter of rules of social behaviour. (etiquette)9 Only after a very careful and time-consuming editing will this book be ready for publication. ( an exhaustive)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.abbabbActive reading (2)3 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them; men do not have to make the same choices.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.CcbdbcDealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 the place where you work (workplace)2 to mean something (denote)3 to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful (undermine)4 to think that something is true because it is likely, although you cannot be certain (presume)5 a regular and important part or feature of something (staple)6 involving or consisting of many people, things, or parts (multiple)7 expressing what you mean using clear and effective language (eloquent)8 used to describe a word that refers to one person or thing (singular)9 behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someone (hostile)10 to say or write words that someone else has said or written (quote)11 to give someone responsibility for an important job or activity (entrust)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 Melanie got to her feet and made a eloquent defence of the rights of women in the workplace.2 There are a number of words in English, such as people, which although technically in the singularform, in actual fact denote a plural meaning.3 The dark suit is a staple of the businessman‘s wardrobe, and I presume it will remain so for a long time.4 The hostile reception he got at the meeting is likely to undermine all the work that has been done recently to improve relations between staff and management.5 Jason suffered multiple injuries in the accident, and we didn‘t want to entrust an inexperiencedsurgeon with the operation.6 I think that most world leaders in the next centu ry will be women, but don‘t quote me on that.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Don‘t forget to put on a bit of lipstick and mascara before you go out. (make-up)2 The candidate displayed a lack of seriousness which we felt was not appropriate to the position he was applying for. (frivolousness)3 I need to check my free dates in March before I can confirm whether I shall be able to attend the conference. (availability)4 He has an attractive smile which people find hard to resist. (alluring)5 This list of participants needs to be put into alphabetical order. (alphabetized)6 The first person officially suggested as general secretary had to withdraw due to ill health. (nominee)7 After the first remarks offering congratulations the atmosphere at the prize-giving ceremony turned sour. (congratulatory)8 The speaker made a comment which I found unfriendly and which meant the opposite of what he really meant. (sarcastic)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a linguistic problem concerned with (a) words, or (b) figures?2 If you are disqualified from an event, do the organizers (a) allow you, or (b) refuse to allow you to take part?3 Is rub likely to mean (a) a problem, or (b) a solution?4 If you have got myriad job offers, are you likely to be (a) concerned, or (b) optimistic about your future?5 If you let on about something to someone, do you (a) tell them about it, or (b) keep it a secret?6 If you duck something which has been thrown at you, does it (a) hit, or (b) miss you?7 If someone speaks to you in an uppity way, is their manner (a) superior, or (b) humble and polite?Language in usesay + something / nothing / a lot etc about1 Rewrite the sentences using say + something / nothing / a lot etc about .1 The boots she wears give a lot of information about her.The boots she wears say a lot about her.2 The way he talks about other people gives an indication of his personality.The way he talks about other people says something about his personality.3 The way she behaves doesn‘t give any indication of her previous career.The way she behaves says nothing about her previous career.4 This statement is very revealing about the organization‘s attitude to women.This statement says a lot about the organization‘s attitude to women.5 This type of task gives some idea about the structure of the final examination.This type of task says something about the structure of the final examination.on + gerund2 Rewrite the sentences using on + gerund.1 When they checked the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.On checking the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.2 When she was asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.On being asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.3 When we investigated more completely, we made an important discovery.On investigating more completely, we made an important discovery.4 When they heard the news, most people reacted with offers to help.On hearing the news, most people reacted with offers to help.5 When people are accused of a crime they haven‘t committed, most of them don‘t know how to react.On being accused of a crime they haven‘t committed, most people don‘t know how to react. anything but3 Rewrite the sentences using anything but .1 The organizer of the conference was the opposite of helpful.The organizer of the conference was anything but helpful.2 The instructions you left were certainly not easy to follow.The instructions you left were anything but easy to follow.3 I felt extremely unsafe wearing those four-inch-high heels.I felt anything but safe wearing those four-inch-high heels.4 The weather last week was quite the opposite of warm and sunny.The weather last week was anything but warm and sunny.5 I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work are a long way from being progressive.I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work are anything but progressive. other than4 Rewrite the sentences using other than .1 The only thing we do when the three of us meet is gossip.When the three of us meet we do nothing other than gossip.2 Men have no real alternative unless it is to wear a suit.Men have no real alternative other than to wear a suit.3 The only thing I wish to add is to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.I have nothing to add other than to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.4 They told her she didn‘t have to do anything except sit quietly and look pretty.They told her she had nothing to do other than to sit quietly and look pretty.5 The only reason I have for being here is the free lunch.I have no reason to be here other than the free lunch.Collocations5 Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B.A Bbright coloursconservative tastescorrect tonepopular beliefheavy make-uphighbrow subjectface value6 Complete the sentences with the collocations in Activity 5.1 Both of us have rather conservative tastes, so we‘re unlikely to buy modern furniture.2 I‘m afraid these bonds are worth a lot less than their face value.3 It‘s not easy to find the correct tone in which to speak to new customers.4 I like wearing bright colours; I think they reflect my outgoing personality.5 Yesterday‘s lecture was on such a highbrow subject that I couldn‘t get interested.6 Why do they put such heavy make-up on people in television studios?7 The popular belief that men don‘t cry is nonsense.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.（☞翻译时注意原文的语气，否则就可能不准确。
学术综合英语Unit8
construction on new plants by the end of
the decade. But is the country ready for
nuclear power? Has the technology
improved to the point where concerns
over issues such as safety and waste
Because nuclear power plants pose much less threat compared to global warming.
Part
Pre-listening
Listening
A Task 1 Listen and Take Notes Task 2 Listen for Details
Part
Pre-listening
Listening
A
Background Information New Words and Expressions
Part B
Part
Pre-listening
Listening
A
Background Information New Words and Expressions
disposal can be addressed? Will the phrase
“Not
Part A
Part
“Not in my backyard” strike fealiticians? Is there a political
will to build new plants? On the other
Part
Pre-listening
《学术英语(综合)》课后答案
《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。
Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。
学术综合英语课后答案1-8单元
U1Text A(1) Contrary to what they predicted,the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。
(2) Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的回复，他认为她已经默认了。
(3) He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。
(4) Using the Internet,he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。
(5) The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境。
(6) There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。
7) What you prepare for your speech,be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且得到允许的信息源。
(8) In the course of children’s language acquisition,adults should pay attention to grammar. 在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4Unit8课后答案及解析
Unit 8Part One1.Based on his experiences as a judge and writer during the past 30years, his new book covers all his reflections on life and justice.基于作为一名30年的法官和作家的经验，他的新书涵盖了所有对生活和司法的反思.2.There is no doubt that the improper medical treatment hastened his death.不恰当的医学治疗加快了他的死亡是毫无疑问的.3. There was only one solitary hotel left standing after the earthquake.地震发生后仅有一孤立旅馆矗立。
4.How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away remains an unsolved mystery to modern man.怎样将这么一大块石头从几百米之外带到这，对于现代人来说依然是一个未解之谜。
5.Emily Dickinson is known for her brilliant flights of fancy in her poems about love ,death and natural scenery.Emily Dickinson因为她诗中关于爱、死亡和自然风光的伟大幻想而出名。
6.I'll not be able to attend the conference in New York unless someone covers my expense.我不会出席在纽约举行的会议，除非有人给我报销开支。
7.In his talk,the doctor pointed out that many women pursue a slender figure at the cost of their health,by taking pills,having operations,and so on.在他的谈话中，医生指出许多妇女通过吃药、手术等方式，在牺牲健康的条件下追求苗条的身材。
学术英语综合季佩英版第八单元课文翻译
TEXT A 从柏柏尔人到巴赫的全球化路径作为一个专业大提琴家，在过去30年，我在这条道上花了相当于两个完整的十年来学习和表演音乐传统和文化。
我的旅行使我相信，在我们的全球化世界中，文化传统形成了以身份，社会稳定和相互帮助为主的重要框架。
一个快速变化的世界必然会让我们造成文化上的不安全感，使人们质疑自己的地位。
全球化常常让我们适应别人的规则，这似乎威胁了个人的身份。
这自然使我们紧张，因为这些规则要求我们改变我们的历史悠久的习惯。
因此，对于今天的全球化领导者的关键问题是：习惯和文化该如何演变来加入一个更大的星球，同时不牺牲独特的身份和个人的自豪感？我的音乐之旅提醒我，全球化带来的互动不仅仅是破坏文化，他们可以创造新的文化，振兴和传播已经存在多年的传统。
它与生态术语“边缘效应”不同，后者用于描述当两个不同的生态系统相遇例如森林和大草原时会发生什么。
在那个界面上，密度最小的地方生命形式最多样化，每个生物都可以在两个生态系统的核心中找到。
有时候最有趣的事情发生在边缘。
在交叉处有着令人意外的组成。
文化这块织布是由世界各个角落的人汇聚而成的。
发现世界的一种方法是深入挖掘它的传统。
例如，在音乐方面，任何大提琴手的核心是巴赫的《无伴奏大提琴组曲》。
而其中每个组曲的心脏是一个称为萨拉班德舞的舞蹈。
这个舞蹈起源于北非柏柏尔人的音乐，那里是一个缓慢，性感的舞蹈。
它下一次出现在西班牙，在那里被禁止，因为它被认为猥亵和淫荡。
西班牙人把它带到美洲，但它也前往法国，在那里它成为一个戏剧性的舞蹈。
在1720年代，巴赫将其合并到《无伴奏大提琴组曲》中。
今天，我，一个中国人在巴黎生的美国人，也在玩巴赫。
那么，谁真正拥有萨拉班德舞？每个文化都包含着音乐，并赋予其特定的意义，但每个文化必须共享所有权：它属于我们所有。
1998年，我成立了丝绸之路项目，研究数千年来地中海与太平洋之间许多文化之间的思想流动。
当丝绸之路合奏团演出时，我们试图将大部分世界的文化带到一个舞台上。