1995年考研英语一真题及详解
1995年阅读理解真题及答案详解
Text 1
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices， thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.By drawing attention to new ideas， it helps enormously to raise standards of living.By helping to increase demand， it ensures an increased need for labour， and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment.It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much， the price of your television licence would need to be doubled and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all，advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy.Apart from the fact that twenty seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising， no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising.He will not do so for long， for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.If you see an article consistently advertised， it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it， and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on.Recently I heard a well known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs.He was drawing excessively fine distinctions.Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve， for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.But perhaps that is what the well known television personality wants.
51.By the first sentence of the passage the author means that .
［A］ he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
［B］ everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
［C］ advertising costs money like everything else
［D］ it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52. In the passage， which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
［A］ Securing greater fame.
［B］ Providing more jobs.
［C］ Enhancing living standards.
［D］ Reducing newspaper cost.
53.The author deems that the well known TV personality is .
［A］ very precise in passing his judgement on advertising
［B］ interested in nothing but the buyers attention
［C］ correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
［D］ obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author s opinion， .
［A］ advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
［B］ advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
［C］ there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
［D］ the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
难句1Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.
【语法分析】
本句主干比较简单：Money is money。
【本句难点】难点在于as well as这个短语的理解，不是“也”的意思，其中的well
是副词，表示“好”，修饰spent。
【方法对策】明白了as well as的意思，即“花在……上的钱和花在……上的钱一样好”本句就比较好理解了。
【例句精译】花钱做广告同花钱买东西一样值得。
难句2It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices， thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干是：It serves...to assist a rapid distribution...。
2．thereby 后面是由and连接的两个分词短语作前一句的补语。
【本句难点】分析句中各个动词之间的逻辑关系。
【方法对策】找到句子主干，再找到thereby 和and这两个连接词，就可以很容易得出句子之间的关系了。
【例句精译】广告直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售，由此建立稳固的国内市场，并能使商品以富有竞争力的价格出口。
难句3 Apart from the fact that twenty seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising， no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干：no regular advertiser dare promote a product。
2．前面是apart from引导的介词结构，此介词结构中the fact后为一个that引导的同位语从句修饰the fact。
3．主句中包含一个that引导的定语从句修饰 product。
【本句难点】本句为介词结构+主句的结构，前后均包含从句，比较复杂；介词结构不是重点，关键要看主句中作者想要表达的意思。
【方法对策】找到句子主干，然后再分析介词结构和主句结构，则句子结构就比较清楚了。
【例句精译】即使没有国会制定的二十七项法案对广告词加以约束，也没有任何正规广告商胆敢推销与广告承诺不符的产品。
难句4If you see an article consistently advertised， it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it， and that it represents good value.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干：it is the surest proof，其后为and连接的两个that引导的同位语从句，修饰the surest proof;前一个同位语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句。
2．逗号前面为条件状语。
【本句难点】主句部分从句复杂，从句中又嵌套从句。
【方法对策】抓住句子主干，然后分析主句中的从句关系，最后看逗号前的条件状语。
【例句精译】如果你看到一种商品在始终如一地做广告，我认为这就是最可靠的证明，说明此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定是物有所值的。
难句5If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve， for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.
【语法分析】
1．两个破折号之间的成分为补充说明成分。
2．第一个破折号前为条件从句，第二个破折号后为主句，此复合句使用了虚拟语气。【本句难点】破折号之间插入成分对阅读的干扰；虚拟语气。
【方法对策】第一遍阅读忽略两个破折号之间的补充说明成分，并注意到主句采用虚拟语气。
【例句精译】如果广告的内容仅仅限于提供信息——虽说这不是不可能做到的，但它本身也是很难做的，因为哪怕是挑衬衫颜色这样的细节也带有几分劝诱性——那会令人生厌，以致没人再去理会。
51.【答案】 D
【解析】本文谈到了广告的价值，首句作者说：“花钱做广告同花钱做别的事一样值得”（as well as 同……一样好），所以应选［D］，“花钱做广告是值得的”。
52.【答案】 A
【解析】判断是非题比较麻烦，需要仔细对照原文来排除：第一段第三、四、五句提到了［B］、［C］、［D］三项内容，故只能选A。
53.【答案】 D
【解析】问作者对那位电视圈名人的看法。从末两段可以看出他对那位名人的看法不敢苟同。故选［D］该名人对广告的评论有失偏颇。
54.【答案】 C
【解析】广告能提高生活、增加就业、降低物价等，因此［A］不对。文章讲：任何广告都含有劝说成分，所以［B］不对。［D］没提，应选［C］。
花钱做广告同花钱买东西一样值得。广告直接有助于商品以合理的价格快速销售，由此建立稳固的国内市场，并能使商品以富有竞争力的价格出口。它吸引人们对新观念的注意，并能极大地提高生活标准。广告有助于增加市场需求，从而确保对劳动力需求的增加，因此是遏制失业的一个有效方法。它降低了多种服务费用，没有广告，你每天看的报纸价格会上涨四倍，电视收视费会翻番，公共汽车或地铁票也得提高20%以上。
也许最重要的是，广告为你购买的商品或服务提供了合理的价值方面的保证。即使没有国会制定的二十七项法案对广告词加以约束，也没有任何正规广告商胆敢推销与广告承诺不符的产品。他们或许能通过误导性的广告暂时愚弄一些人。他这样做的时间不会长，因为庆幸的是，公众有良好的判断力，他们不会一而再再而三地去购买劣质商品。如果你看到一种商品在始终如一地做广告，我认为这就是最可靠的证明，说明此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定是物有所值的。
广告给社会带来的物质利益比任何我所能想到的方式都多。
我觉得有一点还得谈一谈。最近我听说一位电视圈的人声称他反对广告，因为广告是在说服人而不是在提供信息。他把两者区分得过于细微，因为广告不可避免地要劝说消费者。
如果广告的内容仅仅限于提供信息——虽说这不是不可能做到的，但它本身也是很难做的，因为哪怕是挑衬衫颜色这样的细节也带有几分劝诱性——那会令人生厌，以致没人再去理会。但也许这就是那位著名电视人所希望看到的。
51.作者通过本文第一句话想表达的意思是。
［A］他对广告成本十分熟悉
［B］众所周知做广告是很费钱的
［C］广告同其他任何东西一样都要花钱
［D］花钱做广告是值得的
52.本文中，广告的优点，不包括下列哪项？
［A］获得更大声誉。
［B］提供更多工作。
［C］提高生活水平。
［D］降低报纸成本。
53.作者认为：那位著名的电视人物。
［A］非常准确地评价广告
［B］只对消费者的注意力感兴趣
［C］正确地阐明了劝说与提供信息之间的区别
［D］对广告的评价有明显的偏见
54.根据作者的观点，。
［A］广告很少能通过提供信息为人带来物质利益
［B］广告是为人们提供新观念，不是想说服人
［C］广告劝说消费者购买东西没有错
［D］消费者对从广告中获取信息不感兴趣
Text 2
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product， the other as a process.People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured.The worker who gets a promotion，the student whose grades improve， the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast， the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine， since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.The process is not the road itself， but rather the attitudes and feelings people have， their caution or courage， as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.In this process， the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world， new ideas to try， new challenges to accept.
In order to grow， to travel new roads， people need to have a willingness to take risks， to confront the unknown， and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow.Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so， then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences.Do we think we re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate，to move slowly， and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we re slow to adapt to change or that we re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow.If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts，if we protect ourselves too much， then we cease to grow.We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
55.A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when .
［A］ he has given up his smoking habit
［B］ he has made great efforts in his work
［C］ he is keen on learning anything new
［D］ he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
56.In the author s eyes，one who views personal growth as a process would .
［A］succeed in climbing up the social ladder
［B］ judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
［C］ face difficulties and take up challenges
［D］ aim high and reach his goal each time
57. When the author says “a new way of being” (line 3，paragraph 3) he is referring to .
［A］ a new approach to experiencing the world
［B］ a new way of taking risks
［C］ a new method of perceiving ourselves
［D］ a new system of adapting to change
58.For personal growth， the author advocates all of the following EXCEPT .
［A］ curiosity about more chances
［B］ promptness in self adaptation
［C］ open mindedness to new experiences
［D］ avoidance of internal fears and doubts
难句1The worker who gets a promotion， the student whose grades improve， the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
【语法分析】
1．本句主干：all these are examples of people...。
2．破折号前面三个并列的名词词组（the worker，the student，the foreigner)，其中，每个名词词组后面均有一个定语从句修饰。
3．破折号后面包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。
【本句难点】并列的名词词组比较复杂；破折号后面又包含定语从句。
【方法对策】抓住句子主干，分析句子结构，则句子的语法结构一目了然。
【例句精译】例如工人得到升迁，学生成绩提高，外国人学会了一门新的语言等——这些都可表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可衡量的结果。
难句2The process is not the road itself， but rather the attitudes and feelings people have， their caution or courage， as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
【语法分析】
1．本句的主干为：The process is not...but...。
2．but后面有四个并列成分：attitudes，feelings，caution和courage，其后为一个as 引导的时间状语从句。
3．最后的时间状语从句是简单的主+谓+宾结构。
【本句难点】对not...but...的理解，重点是but后面内容的分析。
【方法对策】找到句子主干，并把but后面的四个并列成分找出来，则整个句子的结构就清楚了。
【例句精译】而且成长过程本身也不是道路本身，而是当遇到新情况或意外困难时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。
难句3In this process， the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world， new ideas to try， new challenges to accept.
【语法分析】
1．本句为分号连接的两个并列句，后一个分句是对前一个句子的进一步说明。
2．第二个分句中包含三个并列成分：new ways，new ideas，new challenges。
【本句难点】分号的作用。
【方法对策】找到句子主干，然后分析分号前后的句子结构就可以了。
【例句精译】在这个过程中，旅行永远不会真的结束；总会有体验世界的新方式，总有新的思想要尝试，总有新的挑战要面对。
难句4In order to grow， to travel new roads， people need to have a willingness to take risks， to confront the unknown， and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.
【语法分析】
1．句子主干是：people need to have a willingness to...(共三个并列的不定式）。
2．本句开始的两个不定式短语作目的状语成分。
3．最后一个不定式中又包含一个that引导的同位语从句，修饰the possibility。
【本句难点】句子主干中包含三个并列的不定式；主句中包含从句。
【方法对策】仔细找到句子主干，然后向前向后分析句子结构即可。
【例句精译】要想成长，要想探索新的道路，人们就得乐于冒险，乐于面对未知世界，并敢于接受初次尝试便失败的可能性。
55.【答案】 A
【解析】这是一篇关于个人成长的文章。本文首句讲：看事物方法有两种，一是看结果，二是看过程。题目问怎样可以判断一个人已经成长了，显然问的是结果，而四个选项中，只有
［A］是可以看出的结果。
56.【答案】 C
【解析】与前一题相反，本题问的是人生的过程，根据第二段：人生成长好像是一场旅行，旅途中总会有“新的思想要尝试，新的挑战要面对”。故选［C］，至于［A］（已成功地）“攀上社会阶梯”、［B］“自己的成就”、［D］“实现目标”等，属于结果，而不是过程，作为55题的答案倒是可以的。
57.【答案】 A
【解析】词汇题看上下文。（末段首句讲）要想成长，要想探索新的人生道路（travel new roads），就要……。“try a new way of being”＝“travel new roads”，也就是［A］“a new approach to experiencing the world”，体验世界的新方式。所以［C］错：不是认识自我，而应该是认识世界，至于［B］ taking risks和［D］ a new system文章未讲。
58.【答案】 D
【解析】末段讲到：如果我们要变化、要成长，那么这种不安全感、自我怀疑则是不可避免的。由此可见，作者并不认为“内心的恐惧和怀疑”应该避免，所以选［D］。
看待成长有两种基本方法:一种是看其结果，另一种是看其过程。个人成长就常被看做是一种可以识别和测量的外在成绩或结果。例如工人得到升迁，学生成绩提高，外国人学会了一门新的语言等——这些都可表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可衡量的结果。
相比之下，对成长过程的测定就难多了，因为从定义上讲，它是一次旅行，而不是沿途上的某个特定的路标或界标。而且成长过程本身也不是道路本身，而是当遇到新情况或意外困难时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。在这个过程中，旅行永远不会真的结束；总会有体验世界的新方式，总有新的思想要尝试，总有新的挑战要面对。
要想成长，要想探索新的道路，人们就得乐于冒险，乐于面对未知世界，并敢于接受初次尝试便失败的可能性。我们在尝试新的生存方式时如何看待自己对我们能力的培养是至关重要的。我们的自我感觉是行动敏捷而又好奇吗？如果这样，我们就会抓住更多机会，更加勇于面对陌生的体验。我们自以为害羞而优柔寡断吗？那么这种恐惧感便会使我们犹豫不决，行动迟缓，而且在确保安全无虞后才前进一步。我们自我感觉到适应变化的速度很慢，不够精明，无法应付新挑战吗？那么我们就可能采取消极姿态，或根本不去尝试。
如果我们要变化、要成长，那么这种不安全感、自我怀疑则是不可避免的，而且也是必要的。如果我们不能去正视并克服这些内在的恐惧和疑虑，如果我们过于自我保护，那么我们就会停止成长。我们就会作茧自缚。
55.人们一般认为，当一个人时，他已获得个人成长。
［A］已戒除了吸烟的陋习
［B］在工作中已经付出了巨大努力
［C］热衷于学习任何新生事物
［D］尽力确定自己在旅途中的位置
56.作者认为，把个人成长看做是过程的人将。
［A］成功地攀登社会阶梯
［B］根据自己的成就判断自己的成长能力
［C］面对困难，接受挑战
［D］确立远大目标，并且每次都能实现其目标
57.作者说“a new way of being”(第三段，第三行)时，指的是。
［A］一种体验世界的新方式
［B］一种冒险的新途径
［C］一种认识自我的新方法
［D］一种适应变化的新体制
58.对于个人成长，下面所有各项中作者不倡导。
［A］对更多机会表示好奇
［B］快速自我调节
［C］对新经历持开放态度
［D］避免内心的恐惧和怀疑
Text 3
In such a changing， complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated.Many of life s problems which were solved by asking family members， friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this， there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ.As families move away from their stable community， their friends of many years， their extended family relationships， the informal flow of information is cut off， and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off.Thus， things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information.The individual now has more information available than any generation， and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated，time consuming， and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible https://www.360docs.net/doc/1d13422001.html,puter technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine readable files， and to program computers to locate specific information.Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television， radio， and very shortly， electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing， and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information， thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity， the need for information is of greatest importance.Those people who have accurate， reliable up to date information to solve the day to day problems， the critical problems of their business， social and family life，will survive and succeed.“Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
59.The wor d “it” (line 3， paragraph 2) most probably refers to .
［A］ the lack of stable communities
［B］ the breakdown of informal information channels
［C］ the increased mobility of families
［D］ the growing number of people moving from place to place
60.The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that .
［A］ they have to learn new things consciously
［B］ they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
［C］ they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
［D］ they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family
61. From the passage we can infer that .
［A］ electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
［B］ it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era
［C］ people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
［D］ events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
62. We can learn from the last paragraph that .
［A］ it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible
［B］ people should make the best use of the information accessible
［C］ we should realize the importance of accumulating information
［D］ it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
难句1Many of life s problems which were solved by asking family members， friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.
【语法分析】
1．本句主干为：Many of life s problems...are beyond the capability...。
2．本句包含which引导的定语从句修饰先行词problems。
【本句难点】本句较简单；extended family的意思是：“几代同堂的大家庭”。
【方法对策】直接找出句子主干。
【例句精译】
许多请教家人、朋友或同事便能解决的生活问题，现在却超出了大家庭的能力范围。
难句2Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
【语法分析】
1．本句主干为：where to...and how to...are questions...，主语是两个并列结构where to...和 how to...。
2．第二个并列结构中包含一个宾语从句，作determine的宾语。
3．question后面的分词结构（facing many people today）修饰questions。
【本句难点】主语为两个并列结构。
【方法对策】找出句子主干，并找出主语的并列词and，则句子的结构就清楚了。
【例句精译】
去哪儿寻找专家信息，应该接受哪条专家建议成了当今许多人面临的问题。
难句3As families move away from their stable community， their friends of many years，their extended family relationships， the informal flow of information is cut off，and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
【语法分析】
1．本句主句主干是：the informal flow of information is cut off。
2．主句前面是as引导的伴随状语。
3．主句后面是一个名词性词组，核心词是the confidence，后面为that引导的confidence 的同位语从句。
4．with it是一个介词结构，it指代“the informal flow of information is cut off”。
【本句难点】句子比较复杂，包含状语从句和同位语从句，并且含有省略结构。
【方法对策】找出句子主干，分清主句和从句的关系，即可理清关系。
【例句精译】随着人们远离稳定的社区、多年的朋友和家庭之间千丝万缕的社会联系，非正式的信息交流被切断，同时在需要时就能得到可靠可依赖信息的信心也随之丧失。
难句4Thus， things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干是：things...must be...learned，主语是things。
2．things 后面的“once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family”为一定语从句，修饰things。
【本句难点】主语后面的定语从句较长；subconsciously:下意识地；consciously:有意识地。
【方法对策】找出句子主干结构即可掌握全句。
【例句精译】
因此，过去通过随便交流在家庭社会之间就能下意识了解到的东西，现在却要有意识地去学。
难句5The individual now has more information available than any generation， and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated， time consuming， and sometimes even overwhelming。
【语法分析】
1．本句为用and连接的两个并列句；前一个分句包含一个more...than...比较结构，后一个分句主干是：the task...is complicated， time consuming， and sometimes even overwhelming。
2．第二个分句中finding后面的that起强调作用，强调one piece of information。【本句难点】并列句关系复杂，第二个分句后面的表语比较长。
【方法对策】查看句子关系，从连接词and，分析得出此复合句为两个并列句构成；第二个分句中表语具有递进关系。
【例句精译】
现在，个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己的问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至让人感到束手无策。
难句6Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television， radio，and very shortly， electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.
【语法分析】
本句中主语是：Telecommunications developments，谓语是enable，宾语是由and连接的两个并列成分：the sending of messages via television，radio和electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages。
【本句难点】本句难点主要是宾语的结构分析。
【方法对策】不能把television，radio，electronic mail看成介词via的三个并列宾语。
【例句精译】远程通讯技术的发展使人们可以通过电视、无线电传送信息，不久之后，通过电子邮件发送的大量信息，将对人们实施信息轰炸。
59.【答案】 B
【解析】本文谈了信息在现代社会的爆炸式增长及其在我们生活中的重要性。词汇性问题看上下文。原文：As families move away...，the informal flow of information is cut off，and with it ，the confidence that...is also cut off.(此处is also cut off被省略)。所以，代词it指the informal flow of information。当代中国农民工背井离乡，来到城市，就会面临这种情况。
60.【答案】 C
【解析】第三段头两句说：当今时代信息爆炸，但要找与你的问题相关的信息简直是大海捞针，无从下手，所以，如今人们的“主要问题”是［C］。
61.【答案】 A
【解析】这是一道推理题，依据第四段第三句：“very shortly，electronic mail...messages.”正好选［A］soon，electronic mail will play...。
62.【答案】 D
【解析】问最后一段中心思想，就应该把最后一段首、尾两个句子相连，即可看出，获取信息（access to information）可能对我们最为重要（问题［D］acquire needed imformation，正合此意，故选之）。
在这样一个不断变化的复杂社会里，以前那种对信息需求的简单解决方法变得复杂起来了。许多请教家人、朋友或同事便能解决的生活问题，现在却超出了大家庭的能力范围。去哪儿寻找专家信息，应该接受哪条专家建议成了当今许多人面临的问题。
除此之外，二战以来，人口流动性日益增大。随着人们远离稳定的社区、多年的朋友和家庭之间千丝万缕的社会联系，非正式的信息交流被切断，同时在需要时就能得到可靠可依赖信息的信心也随之丧失。生活最基本的方面的近似于无意识的信息交流也被切断了。因此，过去通过随便交流在家庭社会之间就能下意识了解到的东西，现在却要有意识地去学。
除了当今的社会变化之外，还有信息量巨大的问题。现在，个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己的问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至让人感到束手无策。
伴随着信息量不断增长的还有技术的发展，这些技术使得人们能够比过去以更快的速度往更多的地方储存和发送更多的信息，这在以前是不可能的。计算机技术使人们可以把大量的数据储存到机器可读的文件里，还能通过计算机编程找到某一信息。远程通讯技术的发展使人们可以通过电视、无线电传送信息，不久之后，通过电子邮件发送的大量信息，将对人们实施信息轰炸。人造卫星拓展了通讯能力，可以对事件进行现场报道。通过远程电视会议，专家知识能在全世界范围内被分享，有争议的问题也能被解决，同时人们也不必放下工作、远离家人，大老远去开会了。技术的发展促进了信息分享、信息存储和信息传递，这就使更多的人得到了更多的信息。
在这个复杂多变的世界里，对信息的需求最为重要。那些拥有准确、可靠、最新信息，并用这些信息来解决日常难题及工作、社会和家庭方面重要问题的人就能生存下去并取得成功。“知识就是力量”可能是最正确的格言，获取信息也已成为所有人最关键的要求。
59.单词“it”（第二段，第三行）最有可能是指。
［A］缺乏稳定的社区
［B］非正式信息流通途径的中断
［C］家庭流动日益增多
［D］不断增加的流动人口
60.如今，人们可能遇到的主要问题起源于这样一个事实：。
［A］他们必须有意识地去学习新事物
［B］他们对所获信息的可信性缺乏信心
［C］他们难以轻易获得所需的信息
［D］他们几乎不能与其大家庭随意交流
61.根据本文，我们可以推断出：。
［A］电子邮件将很快在信息传播中起主导作用
［B］在信息时代，人们将更难保守住秘密
［C］人们将在召开会议上花更少的时间
［D］时事将主要通过卫星进行现场报道
62.根据最后一段，我们能够得出。
［A］必须尽可能获取多的知识
［B］人们应该最大限度地利用可得的信息
［C］我们应该意识到信息积累的重要性
［D］有效地获取所需的信息至关重要
Text 4
Personality is to a large extent inherent—A type parents usually bring about A type offspring.But the environment must also have a profound effect， since if competition is important to the parents， it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school， which is，by its very nature， a highly competitive institution.Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two layer system， in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides， the first marathon runner，dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice，we conquer!”
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable， but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously， it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B s.The world needs types， and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened， more time might be spent teaching children surer values.Perhaps selection for the caring professions， especially medicine， could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock.B s are important and should be encouraged.
63. According to the passage， A type individuals are usually .
［A］ impatient
［B］ considerate
［C］ aggressive
［D］ agreeable
64.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because .
［A］ the pressure is too great on the students
［B］ some students are bound to fail
［C］ failure rates are too high
［D］ the results of examinations are doubtful
65.The selection of medical professionals is currently based on .
［A］ candidates sensitivity
［B］ academic achievements
［C］ competitive spirit
［D］ surer values
66.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that .
［A］ the personality of a child is well established at birth
［B］ family influence dominates the shaping of one s characteristics
［C］ the development of one s personality is due to multiple factors
［D］ B type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society
难句1But the environment must also have a profound effect， since if competition is important to the parents， it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干是：the environment...have...effect。
2．第一个逗号后面是since引导的原因状语从句，此原因状语从句又包含一个if引导的条件状语复合句。
【本句难点】从句比较多，嵌套比较复杂。
【方法对策】根据连接词和前后内容，分析出句子主干，从而理清从句的层次关系。
【例句精译】但环境也必然对性格有深刻的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要的话，那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。
难句2One place where children soak up A characteristics is school， which is， by its very nature， a highly competitive institution.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干是：One place...is school。
2．句子主干主语是one place，其后是where引导的定语从句（where children soak up A characteristics）。
3．主干表语是school，其后为which引导的宾语从句（which is， by its very nature，a highly competitive institution），其中，by its very nature是插入成分。
【本句难点】主语和表语均带有定语从句。
【方法对策】先找出句子主干，然后再分析从句，对于插入语，第一遍阅读可以忽略不读。
【例句精译】让孩子吸收A型性格的一个地方是学校，因为，就其本质而言，学校是一个高度竞争的机构。
难句3The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two layer system， in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
【语法分析】
1．本句句子主干是:The current passion...produces a two layer system。
2．主干主语是the current passion，其后介词for的宾语比较复杂（making children compete against their classmates or against the clock）。
3．主干宾语是a two layer system，其后为which引导的非限定性定语从句。
【本句难点】句子主干各部分比较分散，且主语有修饰成分，宾语后面有定语从句。
【方法对策】首先查找出句子主干，然后再根据相关关系查找出相应的修饰成分和定语从句即可。
【例句精译】
目前热衷于让孩子与同学竞争或与时间赛跑造成了一种双重体制，在这种体制中，竞争性的A型学生在某些方面似乎比B型的学生要好。
难句4The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable， but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.