高二月考试卷

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高二语文月考卷及答案

高二语文月考卷及答案

高二语文月考卷及答案一、选择题(每小题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一项是()A. 暮霭(ǎi)愠怒(yùn)瑰怪(guī)纤维(xiān)B. 粗犷(guǎng)脊梁(jǐ)拓印(tà)炽热(chì)C. 憾慨(kǎi)琼瑶(qióng)暮霭(ǎi)聊赖(liáo)D. 殷红(yān)蹙眉(cù)悲怆(chuàng)铁锹(qiāo)2. 下列词语中,没有错别字的一项是()A. 崇山峻岭草长莺飞娇生惯养良辰美景B. 狼籍一片既往不咎眼花缭乱气息奄奄C. 呕心沥血一筹莫展自食其果融会贯通D. 专心至志走投无路不卑不亢休戚相关3. 下列各句中,没有语病的一句是()A. 诸葛亮舌战群儒,显示了他卓越的口才和广博的学识,不愧为一代名相。

B. 经过刻苦努力,期末考试他六门功课平均都超过了90分。

C. 我们正在为建设一个现代化的社会主义强国。

D. 文艺创作要勇于突破旧框框,才能提高质量,繁荣创作。

4. 依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是()①当时,无论是贩夫走卒,还是达官贵人,他们都是在这种清幽的境界里度过每一个夏天的。

②而且,一到夏天,这个城市好像完全属于苏州人。

③苏州园林据说有一百多处,我到过的不过十多处。

④所以,苏州园林不可能十全十美,完美无缺。

⑤苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本,各地园林没有不受到苏州园林影响的。

A. ②①③⑤④B. ③①②⑤④C. ①③⑤②④D. ③⑤①②④5. 下列各项中,标点符号的使用完全正确的一项是()A. “呼——呼——”风声由远而近,由小到大,仿佛要把整个山谷都掀翻过来。

B. 看到画上的“双喜临门”,我立刻想到了《西厢记》中“待月西厢下,迎风户半开”的情景。

C. 母亲说:“你这样做,就是对我最大的关心,也是对我最大的爱护。

”D. 这篇文章写得生动有趣,幽默风趣,充分体现了作者深厚的文学功底。

河南省郑州市外国语学校2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考语文试题(含答案)

河南省郑州市外国语学校2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考语文试题(含答案)

郑州外国语学校2024-2025学年高二上期月考语文参考答案一、现代文阅读(16分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,16分)1.【答案】B【解析】“会做出错误的定义或划分使推理出现瑕疵”错,材料一第一段“人类理性的活动是推演性的,而推演活动又是一种生产性的或构造性的,理性并不保证它在生产或构造或构成中不会出错,相反,它可能会做出错误的定义或划分,推理会出现瑕疵,思想会产生混乱”,可看出原文是“可能会”。

故选:B。

2.【答案】C【解析】“为了正面证明‘无理而妙’的艺术效果已经得到了学者的认可和重视”错。

引用鲁迅的话是为了从反面论证单靠逻辑和理性不能正确有效地品读鉴赏诗歌的语言,即“诗人的语言不能用常理来衡量”。

故选:C。

3.【答案】D【解析】先看“无理而妙”。

材料二第一段“语言运用的艺术,在某些情况下,又是可以突破逻辑规律的框框的,这不仅无碍于语言运用的正确,而且反而使得语言运用收到更好的艺术效果,这就是‘无理而妙’”。

A.“春风”不知离别之苦,也不能决定柳条是否发青。

李白却赋予春风以人的情感,春风不让柳条发青,怕离别之人又饱受别离的苦楚,从物的角度表现“无理而妙”。

B.不忿:恼恨、嫌恶。

思妇久盼归人,出门眺望,未见亲人,把失望迁怒于啼叫的喜鹊,表现其盼归之苦,无理而妙。

C.花不能“弄”影,此处用拟人手法,暗示有风。

一个“弄”字,生动细致地写出晚风吹拂时花影晃动之态,无理而妙。

D.是现实主义表达,没有突破思维逻辑的语言表达,不能体现“无理而妙”的艺术效果。

故选:D。

4.【答案】①材料一从逻辑内涵的角度强调逻辑是一门科学,又是一门艺术,还是一种理性精神。

②材料二从逻辑运用的角度强调语言艺术可以突破逻辑规律,达到“无理而妙”的效果,而“无理而妙”是建立在深邃的逻辑基础上的智慧和能力。

5.【答案】大前提:一个身在最高层的人是不害怕浮云挡住视线的。

小前提:我是一个身在最高层的人。

结论:我是不害怕浮云挡住视线的。

黑龙江省哈尔滨师大附中2024-2025学年高二(上)月考数学试卷(10月份)(含答案)

黑龙江省哈尔滨师大附中2024-2025学年高二(上)月考数学试卷(10月份)(含答案)

2024-2025学年黑龙江省哈尔滨师大附中高二(上)月考数学试卷(10月份)一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。

在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.已知椭圆的方程为x23+y24=1,则该椭圆的焦点坐标为( )A. (0,±1)B. (0,±7)C. (±1,0)D. (±7,0)2.已知直线l:x+3my−2=0的倾斜角为π3,则实数m=( )A. −1B. −13C. 13D. 13.已知直线l的方程是(3a−1)x−(a−2)y−1=0,则对任意的实数a,直线l一定经过( )A. 第一象限B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限4.已知P是以F1,F2为焦点的椭圆x2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)上的一点,若PF1⊥PF2,且|PF1|=2|PF2|,则此椭圆的离心率为( )A. 12B. 23C. 13D. 535.若直线y=x+b与曲线y=1−x2有公共点,则b的取值范围是( )A. [−2,2]B. [−1,2]C. [−1,1]D. (−1,2)6.阿基米德在他的著作《关于圆锥体和球体》中计算了一个椭圆的面积,当我们垂直地缩小一个圆时,得到一个椭圆,椭圆的面积等于圆周率与椭圆的长半轴长与短半轴长的乘积.已知椭圆C:x2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)的面积为6π,两个焦点分别为F1,F2,点A是椭圆C上的动点,点B是点A关于原点的对称点,若四边形AF1BF2的周长为12,则四边形AF1BF2面积的最大值为( )A. 45B. 25C. 235D. 357.已知圆C:(x+5)2+(y−12)2=9和两点A(0,m),B(0,−m)(m>0),若圆C上存在点P,使得∠APB=90°,则实数m的取值范围为( )A. [11,15]B. [10,16]C. [9,13]D. [8,12]8.已知A,B是圆x2+y2=4上的两个动点,且|AB|=22,点M(x0,y0)是线段AB的中点,则|x0+y0−4|的最大值为( )A. 12B. 62C. 6D. 32二、多选题:本题共3小题,共18分。

湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考语文试题(含答案)

湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考语文试题(含答案)

雅礼集团2024下学期第一次月考试卷高二语文时量:150分钟分值:150分一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读1(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下列文字,完成下面小题。

我们不可像霍布斯那样,因为人没有任何善的观念,便认为人天生是恶人;因为人不知道什么是美德,便认为人是邪恶的;人从来不对他的同类效劳,因为他认为他对他们没有任何义务;人自认为他有取得自己所需之物的权利,因此便以为他自己是整个宇宙的唯一的主人。

诚然,霍布斯看出了现今的人们对自然的权利所作的种种解释的缺点,然而从他自己所作的解释中得出的结论就可看出,他的解释的着眼点也是错误的。

既然这位作者是根据他自己提出的原则进行推理的,他的论点就应该这样来表述:我们在自然状态中对保护我们自己的生存的关心,是丝毫不妨碍他人对保护他自己的生存的关心的,因此这个状态是有利于和平的,是适合于人类的。

然而他在书中所说的话却恰恰相反,因为他把为了满足许许多多欲望而产生的需要,与野蛮人为了保护自己的生存而产生的需要混为一谈了;其实,这些欲望乃是社会造成的,而且,正因为人的欲望丛生,才使法律成为必需的东西。

既然霍布斯认为恶人是一个强壮的孩子,那我们就要问:野蛮人是否也是一个强壮的孩子?如果我们承认他是一个强壮的孩子,那该得出什么样的结论呢?如果这个人强壮的时候也像他柔弱的时候那样依赖他人,那么,什么过分的事他干不出来呢?他的母亲如果不及时喂他奶,他就会打她;如果他觉得他的弟弟招他讨厌,他就会掐死他:如果别人碰撞了他或打扰了他,他就会咬别人的腿。

说自然状态中的人是强壮的,与说自然状态中的人需要依赖于人,这两种说法是矛盾的。

人只有在处于依赖状态的时候才是柔弱的:如果他无拘无束,不依赖他人的话,他早就是很强壮的了。

霍布斯没有看出:我们的法学家所说的阻碍野蛮人使用理智的原因,正好就是霍布斯本人所说的阻碍野蛮人滥用他们的官能的原因。

因此,我们认为野蛮人之所以不是恶人,其原因恰恰在于他不知道什么是善,因为防止他们作恶的,既不是智慧的发达、也不是法律的约束,而是欲念的平静和对恶事的无知:他们从对恶事的无知中得到的益处,比别人从对美德的认识中得到的益处多得多。

江苏省南通市区2024-2025学年高二10月月考英语试卷

江苏省南通市区2024-2025学年高二10月月考英语试卷

江苏省南通市区2024-2025学年高二10月月考英语试卷一、阅读理解Looking to inspire curious young minds? These are some of the best popular science books for children, which should keep the young minds full of ideas long into the future.Amazing JellyfishThis book includes plenty of impressive facts. The first-person style of the author helps to keep the attention of young readers, by including personal stories and avoiding all pages of words. Each part is divided into detailed drawings and valuable information. The book has fun jokes about jellyfish, a maze (迷宫) with sea trash, and more.A Brief History of StuffDK has chosen a mix of many different things for this unique book. From baby bottles to pens, there isn’t much of a logical (合乎逻辑的) path or timeline, making it a great book for kids of all ages. Seeing a list of everyday items such as a pot or a fridge, you realize how little you know about the stories behind them. This book has all the information you need about their beginnings and impact on society.A Kid’s Guide to the Night SkyThe night sky is filled with countless astronomical objects to explore and this book does its best to introduce a wide variety of them to children. The life cycle of stars and light pollution are just a few of the topics that the book introduces to its audience. It also takes a deep div e into each of the solar system’s planets and some of the amazing technology that’s working to find out more about them.Radar (雷达) and the RaftThe story of radar, along with the inventors and contributing scientists, comes together in this book about the technology’s development and lifesaving uses. By connecting the story of the Bell family’s near-death experience at sea with the story of radar’s discovery, the author has produced an interesting and informative storyline.1.What is a main feature of Amazing Jellyfish?A.Using a strictly scientific style.B.Presenting a clear timeline of events.C.Focusing on fun games about sea life.D.Matching the text and the picture well. 2.How do readers probably perceive A Brief History of Steff?A.A collection of famous speeches.B.An introduction to historical heroes.C.A guide to exploring common objects.D.A handbook on starting interest clubs. 3.Which book best suits young enthusiasts for astronomy?A.Amazing Jellyfish.B.Radar and the Raft.C.A Brief History of Stuff.D.A Kid’s Guide to the Night Sky.How would you feel if your child were being tutored by a robot? It’s believed that social robots could become as common as paper and whiteboards in schools. Those robots have been used to read stories to preschool students in Singapore, help 12-year-olds in Iran learn English and improve handwriting among young children in Switzerland.As a professor of education, I study the different ways that teachers worldwide do their jobs. To understand how social robots could affect teaching, I introduced a robot called “Pepper” into a public elementary and middle school in the U. S. and found many problems with the current generation of social robots.To get the robot to perform, our students had to master the directions that came with the robot. Some students quickly figured out that the robot could respond only to certain basic routines. They kept trying to interact with the robot as if it were a person but got very frustrated with its nonhuman responses. When a robot failed to answer a question, or responded in the wrong way, students realized the robot wasn’t really understanding them and that the robot’s dialogue was preprogrammed.Also, I have found that these are not limited to school settings. Service robots in some health care facilities have been programmed to deliver medicine, but this requires special sensors and programming. Stores and restaurants are experimenting with delivery and cleaning robots. But when a grocery store in Scotland tried to use “Pepper” for customer interactions, the robot was fired after a week.While the social robots currently used in schools are limited in functions, they can still provide useful learning experiences. Students can use them to learn more about robotics and artificial intelligence. Struggling with a robot’s limitations gives students real insights into thecomplicated nature of human social interaction. The opportunity to do hands-on work with a social robot shows students how difficult it is to program robots to copy human behavior. As AI becomes a bigger part of our work and lives, we need to teach students to think critically about what it means to live and work with social machines.4.What phenomenon is described at the beginning of the text?A.The global differences in educational approachesB.The transformative impact of robots on education.C.The adoption of social robots in classrooms worldwide.D.The innovative achievements in science and technology.5.How do students find their interaction with social robots?A.Amusing and engagıng.B.Challenging but beneficial.C.Ineffective and disappointing.D.Satisfying but time-consuming.6.What does the author want to show by mentioning the examples in paragraph 4?A.Robotics still has room for improvement.B.Technology has changed the way we workC.Many fields are open to experimenting with robots.D.Robots might pose a threat to people’s employment.7.What can students learn by interacting with limited-function social robots in schools?A.To master communication skills.B.To get some hands-on experience.C.To strengthen the sense of mission.D.To improve critical thinking ability.For many of us, online shopping has made the process of purchasing goods a far simpler and more convenient process. No longer do we have to head to shops to browse through various objects, wandering round endless shelves, before finally setting for the first thing we saw. These days, we find the item we want or need online, click on it, and check out its description and, most importantly, its user reviews. If it fits the bill, we send it to our basket and pay.There seems to be a wealth of options at our fingertips. But how do we know the options that pop up in front of us really are the best deals, and how might algorithms (算法) help or hold us back?Algorithms, simply put, are mathematical instructions which tell a computer how to solveproblems. When shopping is involved, what is the problem they solve? Well, they instruct a computer which advertisements to show and which products a user is most likely to buy. By analyzing the things we bought or looked at previously algorithms can predict what goods we’re most likely to be attracted by.For some people, the idea of something guessing your preferences could sound a bit worrying. But first, let’s look at the positives. By telling a computer to show us what we are interested in, it can not only save us a lot of time, but also help us find the best deals. However, there are some people who have concerns about the impact of algorithms on our shopping experience. It is possible that algorithms may only select options from a limited number of brands, or may favour products from certain companies. There are also concerns that we aren’t always shown the cheapest or best deal, even though that’s what we’re searching for.So, the takeaway from this is that algorithms are here to stay, and it’s wise to know they exist. Whenever you are shopping, be it online or off, make sure you shop around for the best deals. The first thing you see might not always be the best for you.8.What is the main factor that leads you to buy the product online immediately?A.The reasonable price.B.Salesgirls’ description.C.Customers’ comments.D.The convenient delivery.9.How do algorithms help customers find their favourite goods?A.The previous consuming records.B.The most advertisements they see.C.The frequency of visiting the store.D.The amount of money they spend. 10.What does the author think of algorithms used for online shopping?A.Doubtful.B.Beneficial.C.Negative.D.Worrying. 11.Which message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?A.Many hands make light work.B.Actions speak louder than words.C.Only the feet tell if the shoes fit.D.Only comparing can see the gap.At a park in one of the world’s most polluted cities, a filtration (过滤) “tower” has been quietly cleaning the surrounding air since last summer. Called Verto, the device filters 600,000 cubic meters of air a day in New Delhi’s Sunder Nursery.Filtration towers were designed by architecture firm Studio Symbiosis. The firm’sco-founders, Amit Gupta and Britta Knobel Gupta, say their fan-powered devices can clean the air within a radius (半径) of 200 to 500 meters in some spaces, depending on wind speed and how open the surroundings are. “I think the towers can also be installed in public parks and squares, where people spend quality outdoor time,” Britta said, adding that installing (安装) the towers in spots where homeless people sleep might also be very beneficial.In 2019 alone, air pollution is thought to have caused nearly 1.6 million deaths in India, according to a study in medical journal The Lancet. New Delhi is regularly covered with smog, with vehicle emissions, crop-burning, and coal-fired power plants all contributing to the city’s bad air quality.In addition to the direct impact of pollution, the resulting climate change has caused heat waves that have killed more than 24,000 people in the country since 1992, according to a study published by the University of Cambridge.Amit estimated that maybe 100 of the towers would be required to filter the air across central New Delhi, though further research and a “full-scale model” would be required to calculate more figures. The devices are also designed to be easily transported, with the hope that they can be adopted on a larger scale.The filters, which need to be changed every three to nine months, are partly recyclable. Noise generated by the towers is, at a maximum of 75 decibels, similar to that of a standard kitchen exhaust fan (排风扇). To reduce Verto’s environmental impact, Studio Symbıosis installed energy-efficient smart fans that vary according to local conditions, slowing down when pollution is low, or when strong winds provide natural air flow.12.Which factor can improve the work efficiency of filtration tower?A.The height of tower.B.The surrounding people.C.The design of fans.D.The strength of wind.13.What is mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4?A.The death number in India since 1992.B.The consequence of climate change.C.The cause and effect of air pollution.D.The process of heat wave generation. 14.What is the striking feature of Verto?A.Cost-effective.B.Uniquely-designed.C.Eco-friendly.D.Completely-recycled15.What is the best title for the text?A.The air cleaning tower in India B.The bad air quality in New DelhiC.The filtration tower’s global trend D.Smart fans’ environmental purposeAppreciating art can be a rewarding experience. But it can also be confusing if you’re not sure where to start. Here are a few tips to help you get the most out of your art appreciation journey.One of the most important things to remember when looking at art is to approach it with an open mind. 16 Instead, allow yourself to experience the art work on its own terms and see what emotions or thoughts it awakens in you.When you first encounter a piece of art, take a few moments to look at it. Notice the colors, lines, shapes, and materials. 17 If you’re looking at a painting, try to identify the brushwork and how it contributes to the artistic effect of the piece.18 Thinking about the situation in which a piece was created can help you better understand and appreciate the work. For example, if you’re looking at a piece of art from the 19th century, it can be helpful to learn about the artistic movements and social issues that were common at the time.The medium in which a piece of art is created can have a significant impact on the final product. 19 Understanding the properties and limitations of different mediums can help you appreciate the technical skills and choices of the artist.If you’re looking at art in a museum or gallery, there may be a staff member available to answer your questions. Don’t be afraid to ask for more information. If you’re looking at art online or in a book, try to find out more about the work through research. 20A.Many works of art convey a deeper meaning.B.You can also turn to a professional about the subject.C.Try not to assume what the artist was trying to express.D.The key to appreciating art is to approach it with curiosity.E.Observe how the various elements of the artwork are arranged.F.Art is often created within a specific historical, or cultural context.G.A sculpture made of metal has a different feel from an oil painting.二、完形填空The town of North Rustico is a homey sort of place. Neighbors there are always sure to 21 one another as they go about their day. And that 22 of friendliness is apparently infectious.One day, local resident Lisa Sandoval was walking near the waterfront when she realized somebody was 23 to her. “I heard ‘Hello! Hello!’” Sandoval said. “I turned around and there wasn’t even a 24 . Then I heard the 25 again. I got a little 26 , and thought I must be hearing things.”It was then that Sandoval noticed only a crow (乌鸦) nearby. “I stopped and said, ‘Hello?’”27 , he answered me back, “Hello!”Sandoval later came to learn that she wasn’t the only one in town to have 28 the talking crow. The story goes that years earlier the bird had been found injured as a baby and 29 by an elderly man living nearby, who often spoke to him during his 30 . “That bird had learned to say hello and had been let go free after regaining his health,” Sandoval said. A few months after their 31 meeting, Sandoval ran into the talking crow again.Crows, much like parrots, are indeed 32 of learning to mimic human language. So, if the story of his 33 is true, his vocalizations (说出的话) may very well 34 the voice of the elderly man who’d saved him. “He passed away years ago,” Sandoval said, but his legacy (遗产) 35 in the friendly, feathered bird. 21.A.understand B.greet C.attract D.remember 22.A.chance B.principle C.sense D.demand 23.A.pointing B.speaking C.responding D.appealing 24.A.soul B.signal C.choice D.change 25.A.answer B.rhythm C.warning D.voice 26.A.confused B.bored C.messy D.guilty 27.A.Gradually B.Carelessly C.Incredibly D.Accidentally 28.A.attended B.adopted C.encountered D.expected 29.A.introduced B.nursed C.grabbed D.accepted30.A.residence B.flight C.absence D.recovery 31.A.initial B.regular C.casual D.private 32.A.aware B.proud C.capable D.ignorant 33.A.origin B.talent C.injury D.departure 34.A.raise B.reflect C.protect D.replace 35.A.sets off B.gives up C.backs down D.lives on三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2022~2023年高二第一次月考试卷完整版(贵州省思南中学)

2022~2023年高二第一次月考试卷完整版(贵州省思南中学)

选择题如今的消费者对手机的功能要求越来越高,如要有人脸识别功能,未来要支持AR应用等。

为此苹果公司计划2017年下半年,推出搭载AMOLED面板和人脸识别功能的机型,多家手机生产企业也有类似计划。

厂家之所以千方百计开发更新更好的产品行为( )A. 消费者对产品需求主要在于产品的质量B. 价值是使用价值的物质承担者C. 新产品开发能决定消费者的购买行为D. 商品是使用价值和价值的统一体【答案】D【解析】商品是使用价值和价值的统一体,使用价值是价值的物质承担者。

更新更好的产品能更好地满足消费者需要,实现商品价值,从而为生产者带来更多的利润,故D选项符合题意;A说法错误,消费者关注的是使用价值与价值的统一,排除;B说法错误,使用价值是价值的物质承担者,排除;C说法错误,新产品开发能影响消费者的购买行为,但不起决定性作用,排除。

故本题答案选D。

选择题2017年7月,河北容城县西瓜种植基地现场采摘的西瓜零售价仅0.35元每斤。

但此时千里之外的成都,本地大棚种植西瓜在超市、农贸市场的零售价竟达到1.5元每斤。

下列对成都西瓜价格高的原因推断正确的是( )①采用大棚种植,投入多成本高②流通环节多,流通成本较高③种植技术先进,劳动生产率高④西瓜品质好,决定其价格高A. ③④B. ①④C. ②③D. ①②【答案】D【解析】影响价格变动的因素主要有两个:一是价值决定价格,二是供求影响价格。

供不应求,价格上涨;供过于求,价格下降。

采用大棚种植且在超市、农贸市场出售的西瓜价格高,是因为种植投入多成本高,且流通环节多,流通成本较高,价值量高,所以价格高,故选项①②符合题意;选项③说法错误,个别劳动生产率的高低不会影响商品的价值量,不影响价格,排除;选项④说法错误,“品质好”强调的是西瓜的使用价值,决定价格的是商品的价值,排除。

故本题答案选D。

选择题下列两幅图反映了15年来手机的变化情况。

随着社会劳动生产率提高,手机的需求曲线出现了从左到右的变化。

高二年级第一学期语文第一次月考试卷(附答案)

高二年级第一学期语文第一次月考试卷(附答案)

高二年级第一学期语文第一次月考试卷(附答案)一、现代文阅读(36 分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共 3 小题,9 分)阅读下面的文字,完成 1~3 题。

中国传统文化中的“和” 理念,具有丰富的内涵和深远的影响。

“和” 强调和谐、协调、平衡,既包括人与人之间的和谐相处,也包括人与自然的和谐共生。

在人与人的关系中,“和” 体现为一种包容、宽厚的态度。

孔子提出“君子和而不同”,强调在人际交往中,既要尊重他人的观点和差异,又要保持自己的独立思考和个性。

这种“和而不同” 的理念,有助于促进不同文化、不同思想之间的交流与融合,避免冲突和对抗。

在人与自然的关系中,“和” 则意味着尊重自然、顺应自然。

中国古代的思想家们认为,人类是自然的一部分,应该与自然和谐相处。

老子说:“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。

” 强调人类应该遵循自然的规律,与自然保持一种和谐的关系。

这种理念对于我们今天处理人与自然的关系,具有重要的启示意义。

“和” 的理念还体现在社会治理方面。

中国古代的统治者们往往追求“政通人和” 的理想境界,通过推行仁政、德治等方式,促进社会的和谐稳定。

在现代社会,“和” 的理念也可以为我们构建和谐社会提供有益的借鉴。

我们可以通过加强民主法治建设、促进公平正义、弘扬社会主义核心价值观等方式,营造一个和谐、稳定、有序的社会环境。

1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是(3 分)A.“和” 理念只强调人与人之间的和谐相处,不包括人与自然的和谐共生。

B. 孔子提出的“君子和而不同”,意味着在人际交往中要完全放弃自己的观点。

C. 中国古代思想家认为人类应该遵循自然规律,与自然和谐相处,这体现了“和” 的理念。

D.“和” 的理念在现代社会已经没有任何价值,不能为构建和谐社会提供借鉴。

2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是(3 分)A. 文章从人与人的关系、人与自然的关系、社会治理三个方面,论述了“和” 理念的内涵和影响。

高二化学月考试卷含解析

高二化学月考试卷含解析

高二化学月考试卷含解析一、单选题(本大题共15个小题,每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,共60分。

)1. 在一定条件下,在密闭容器中进行的反应aX(g)+bY(g)cZ(g)+dW(g),5 min后达到平衡,X减少n mol·L-1,Y减少mol·L-1,Z增加mol·L-1。

在其他条件不变时,将容器体积增大,W的百分含量不发生变化。

则化学方程式中各物质的化学计量数之比a∶b∶c∶d应为A.1∶3∶1∶2B.3∶1∶2∶2C.3∶1∶2∶1D.1∶3∶2∶2参考答案:B2. 下列说法正确的是A. 把NaHCO3和Na2CO3混和物6.85g溶于水制成100mL溶液,其中c(Na+)=1mol·L-1。

该溶液中加入一定量盐酸恰好完全反应,将溶液蒸干后,所得固体质量无法计算B. 将54.4g铁粉和氧化铁的混合物中加入4.0mol/L 200mL的稀硫酸,恰好完全反应,放出氢气4.48L(标准状况)。

反应后的溶液中滴加KSCN不显红色,且无固体剩余物,反应后得到FeSO4的物质的量是0.8molC. 现向一密闭容器中充入1molN2和3molH2,在一定条件下使该反应发生,达到化学平衡时,N2、H2和NH3的物质的量浓度一定相等D. 某溶液中可能含有H+、Na+、NH4+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Al3+、SO42-等离子,当向该溶液中加入某浓度的NaOH溶液时,发现生成沉淀的物质的量随NaOH溶液的体积变化如上图所示,由此可知,该溶液中肯定含有的阳离子是H+、NH4+、Mg2+、Al3+参考答案:B略3. 在一密闭容器中,反应a A(g)bB(g)达平衡后,保持温度不变,将容器体积增加一倍,当达到新的平衡时,B的浓度是原来的60%,则下列说法不正确的是A.平衡向正反应方向移动了 B.物质A的转化率增大了C.物质B的质量分数增加了 D.a>b参考答案:D略4. 有一支50 mL酸式滴定管,其中盛有溶液,液面恰好在10.0 mL刻度处,把滴定管中的溶液全部流下排出,承接在量筒中,量筒内溶液的体积A.大于40.0 mLB.为40.0 mLC.小于40.0 mLD.为10.0 mL参考答案:A5. 下列叙述中正确的是A.离子晶体中肯定不含非极性共价键B.属于离子晶体的物质都溶于水C.由分子组成的物质其熔点一定较低D.原子晶体中除非极性键外不存在其它类型的化学键参考答案:C6. 已知:Fe2O3(s)+C(s)===CO2(g)+2Fe(s) ΔH=234.1 kJ·mol-1C(s)+O2(g)===CO2(g)ΔH=-393.5 kJ·mol-1则2Fe(s)+O2(g)===Fe2O3(s)的ΔH是()A.-824.4 kJ·mol-1B.-627.6 kJ·mol-1C.-744.7 kJ·mol-1D.-169.4 kJ·mol-1参考答案:A根据2Fe(s)+O2(g)===Fe2O3(s),结合已知反应可设计如下转化途径:反应(2)×-反应(1)即得2Fe(s)+O2(g)===Fe2O3(s),所以根据盖斯定律可知该反应的ΔH=×(-393.5 kJ·mol-1)-234.1 kJ·mol-1=-824.4 kJ·mol-1,故选A。

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高二第一章孟德尔定律月考试卷
一、选择题(每题3分,共54分)
1、豌豆在自然状态下是纯种的原因是()
A.豌豆品种间性状差异大B.豌豆先开花后授粉
C.豌豆是闭花自花授粉的植物D.豌豆可以异花授粉
2、下列各组中,不属于相对性状的是()
A.水稻的早熟和晚熟B.豌豆的紫花和红花
C.小麦的抗病与易感病D.绵羊的长毛和细毛
3、豌豆的矮茎和高茎为一对相对性状,下列杂交实验能判定性状显隐性关系的是()
A.高茎×高茎→高茎B.高茎×高茎→301高茎+101矮茎
C.矮茎×矮茎→矮茎D.高茎×矮茎→98高茎+107矮茎
4、白绵羊与白绵羊交配后,后代出现了白绵羊和黑绵羊,产生这种现象的根本原因是()
A.性状分离B.等位基因分离
C.同种基因分离D.姐妹染色单体分离
5、一位饲养员让两只杂合黑豚鼠交配(黑对白为显性),一胎生下的小豚鼠将可能是()
A.只有黑色B.只有白色
C.有黑色也有白色D.上述3种情况都有可能
6、要判断某一个体是不是纯合体,最好的方法是()
A.让其与杂合体交配B.让其与纯合体交配
C.让其与隐性类型交配D.让其与显性类型交配
7、一对相对性状的遗传中,纯合隐性亲本与杂合体亲本交配,其子代个体中与双亲基因型都不同的是()
A.0%B.25% C.50% D.75%
8、水稻某些品种茎杆的高矮是由一对等位基因控制的,对一个纯合显性亲本与一个纯合隐性亲本杂交产生的F1进行测交,其后代中杂合体的机率是()
A.0B.25%C.50% D.75%
9、已知绵羊羊角的基因型与表现型的关系如下表。

现有1头有角母羊生了1头无角小羊,则这头小羊的性别和基因型分别为()
A.♀,Hh
B.♂,hh
C.♂,Hh
D.♀,hh
10、豌豆黄子叶(Y)对绿子叶(y)为显性,现有YY与yy杂交得F l,F1自交得F2。

F2植株所结种子(F3)子叶颜色的分离比是()
A.黄子叶∶绿子叶为3︰1 B.全部为黄子叶
C.黄子叶∶绿子叶为3︰5 D.黄子叶∶绿子叶为5︰3
11、一对表现型正常的夫妇,第一胎生了一个白化病(由隐性基因控制)的儿子,那么第二胎还是白化病儿子的几率是()
A.1/4 B.1/8 C.1/2 D.1/3
12、一个配子的基因组成为AB,产生这种配子的生物体是()
A.显性纯合子B.隐性纯合子C.杂合子D.不能判断
13、某个体与基因型aabb的个体交配,共产生了四种表现型的后代,其比例为1∶1∶1∶1。

该个体的基因型是()
A.AABb B.AaBB C.AaBb D.AABB
14、白色盘状与黄色球状南瓜杂交,F1全是白色盘状南瓜,F1个体自交得到F2,F2中杂合的白色球状南瓜3964株,问F2纯合黄色盘状南瓜有()
A.1982株B.3964株C.5946株D.8928株
15、有两对相对性状的隐性个体和一个双杂合的个体(基因位于常染色体上,能独立遗传)杂交,其子代中具有与两个亲本基因型都不相同的个体有()
A.25%B.50%C.75%D.0
16、水稻的有芒(A)对无芒(a)为显性,抗病(B)对感病(b)为显性,这两对基因自由组合。

现有纯合有芒感病株与纯合无芒抗病株杂交,得到F1,再将此F1个体与无芒的杂合抗病株杂交,子代四种表现为有芒抗病、有芒感病、无芒抗病、无芒感病,其比例依次为()
A.9∶3∶3∶1B.3∶1∶3∶1C.1∶1∶1∶1D.1∶3∶1∶3
17、将基因型为AaBbCcDD和AABbCcDd的向日葵杂交,按基因自由组合规律,后代中基因型为AABBCCDd的个体比例应为()
A.1/8 B.1/16 C.1/32 D.1/64
18、刺鼠的毛色由两对等位基因(符合基因自由组合定律)共同决定,B(黑色)对b (褐色)为显性;具CC和Cc基因型的鼠是正常体色刺鼠,基因型cc的鼠是白化鼠。

亲本为黑色的刺鼠与bbcc的白化鼠交配,其子一代中,1/2个体是白化鼠,1/4是黑色正常刺鼠,1/4是褐色正常刺鼠。

问:黑色亲本的基因型是()
A.bbCc C.BbCc C.BbCC D.BBCc
二、非选择题(46分)
19、人的耳朵有的有耳垂,有的无耳垂。

某医学小组调查了人群中有耳垂性状和无耳垂性状的遗传情况,统计情况如下表:( 控制耳垂的基因用A 、a 表示)
请分析回答: (1)根据上表中第
组的调查结果可以判断出该性状的显隐性,显性性状是 ,隐性性状是 。

(2)假如人类耳垂的性状遗传是受一对等位基因控制的,那么耳垂遗传可以有几种婚配方式? 。

第二组家庭中父亲如果有耳垂,其基因型是什么?
(3)在第一组的抽样家庭中,双亲的基因型组合方式可能是什么 ?
20、已知芝麻的单花型(P)对三花型(p)是显性,正常叶(N)对皱叶(n)是显性,它们是自由组合的。

现有单花皱叶、单花正常叶、三花正常叶三种植株,要求从中选出两种植株杂交,能获得等量的四种不同类型的后代。

那么:一个亲本的表现型是 ,基因型是 ;另一个亲本的表现是 ,基因型是 。

21、家禽鸡冠的形状由两对基因(A 和a ,B 和b )控制,这两对基因按自由组合定律项
目 基因
组合 A 、B 同时存在 (A _B _型) A 存在、B 不存 在(A _bb 型) B 存在、A 不存 在(aaB _型) A 和B 都不存 在(aabb 型) 鸡冠
形状
核桃状 玫瑰状 豌豆状 单片状 杂


合 甲:核桃状×单片状→F 1 核桃状、玫瑰状、豌豆状、单片状 乙:玫瑰状×玫瑰状→F 1 玫瑰状、单片状 丙:豌豆状×玫瑰状→F 1 全是核桃状
(1)甲组杂交方式在遗传学上称为 ;甲组杂交F 1四种表现型比例是 。

(2)让乙组后代F 1中玫瑰状冠的家禽与另一纯合豌豆状冠的家禽杂交,杂交后代表现型及比例在理论上是 。

(3)让丙组F 1中的雌雄个体交配,后代表现为玫瑰状冠的有120只,那么表现为豌豆状冠的杂合子理论上有__________只。

(4)基因型为AaBb 与Aabb 的个体杂交,它们的后代基因型的种类有________种,后代中纯合子比例占__________ 。

第一章孟德尔定律单元练习参考答案
1、C。

2、D。

3、B。

4、B。

5、D。

6、C。

7、A。

aa×Aa→aa、Aa。

8、C。

9、A。

因为母羊的基因型为HH,所以无角小羊的基因型只能是Hh,而Hh无角又只能是雌性。

10、D。

F1:Yy;F2:1/4YY∶2/4Yy∶1/4yy;F3:1/4YY→1/4YY;2/4Yy→3/4×2/4Y_、1/4×2/4yy;1/4yy→1/4yy。

即1/4YY+3/8Y_=5/8Y_(黄);1/8 yy+1/4yy=3/8 yy(绿)。

11、B。

Aa×Aa→1/4aa(白化)×1/2(儿子)=1/8。

12、A。

7号为Bb的概率是2/3,10号为Bb。

2/3Bb×Bb→1/4×2/3bb=1/6 bb,B_为1-1/6=5/6。

13、D。

14、C。

15、A。

F2中杂合的白色球状南瓜占总数的2/16,纯合黄色盘状南瓜占1/16。

16、B。

aabb×AaBb→AaBb、Aabb、aaBb、aabb。

(若用A与a、B与b字数表示)
17、B。

AAbb×aaBB→AaBb,AaBb×a aBb→3A_B_∶aaBB∶aaB∶
18、D。

先推算每一对的概率,再推算同时出现的概率:1/2×1/4×1/4×1/2=1/64。

19、B。

亲本黑色可排除A。

子一代出现白化可排除C。

出现褐色可排除D。

BbCc×bbcc→1/4黑色正常(BbCc)、1/4褐色正常(bbCc)、1/2白化鼠(Bbcc、bbcc)。

21、(1)一有耳垂无耳垂(2)6 种(AA×AA、AA×Aa、AA×aa、Aa×Aa、Aa×aa、aa×aa)Aa(3)AA×AA、AA×Aa、Aa×Aa
22、(1)显(2)1/8(3)1/6
23、(1)O型(只可能是ii)(2)A型(I A i)和B型(I B i),即不可能是AB型(3)A、B、AB、O型都有可能(解析:若父母亲的基因型为I A i和I B i,则孩子的基因型可能是I A i、I B i、I A I B、ii;若父母亲的基因型为I A I A和I B I B,则孩子的基因型为I A I B;若父母亲的基因型为I A I A和I B i,则孩子的基因型可能有I A i、I A I B;若父母亲的基因型为I A i和I B I B,则孩子的基因型可能有I B i、I A I B)(4)B型(I B I B、I B i)和O型(ii),不可能是A型、AB型
24、单花型皱叶Ppnn三花型正常叶ppNn
25、(1)测交1∶1∶1∶1 (2)核桃状∶豌豆状=2∶1 (3)80 (4)6 1/4
26、从牛群中选择多对有角牛与有角牛杂交(有角牛×有角牛)。

如果后代出现无角小牛,则有角为显性,无角为隐性;如果后代全部为有角小牛,则无角为显性,有角为隐性。

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