文献翻译

中文译文永远的莫尔斯“注意，所有人注意，这是我们在永远沉寂之前的最后一声呐喊！”公元1997年，随着法国海军发送的最后这则消息，摩尔斯电码(Morse Code)正式退出7自它诞生162年来的军用历史舞台。

随后，1999年.摩尔斯电码又从国际海事通讯系统的航海领域悄然出。

作为一种信息编码标准，摩尔斯代码以其无法替代、无法超越、无与伦比的编码万案，持续一个半多世纪之久，为改变人类命运、推动人类历史发展的进程，作出了不可磨灭的贡献。

是的，随着现代通信利技的高速发展，卫星移动通信系统、地面移动通信系统和近年来同层平台移动通信系统的相继问世，尤其是铱星通信星座系统所掀起的“无论谁在任何地点和任何时间、任何人采用仟何方式都能通信，在地球外任何能见到天的地方都可以互相联络”的一场现代通讯技术革命，原始而古老的摩尔斯电码便显得相形见拙了。

一如一些执著的人们崇尚书信而不轻信手机短信一样，书信会使人们的情感活动在整个过程中慢慢生发，其情感体验会随着时间的推移得以沉淀升华。

手机短信则不然:看似轻盈便捷:却极易对人们的情感活动造成一种麻醉，会在不长的时I间内淡化、稀释而轻易地遗忘它。

神寄的摩尔斯编码，在于它匪夷所思的层层加密与令人拍案叫绝的破译。

民用商朴摩尔斯明码且不论，可一旦用于战争，那些沉睡在历史长河中浩如烟海般的谍报故事，却无不与摩尔斯密码密切关联。

历史不应该忘记像摩尔斯这样伟大的发明者。

我们不应当遗忘，美国人萨缪尔•摩尔斯(SamuelF. B. Morse)是在1835年受了“电磁感广”的灵感驱动发明了史上第一部电报机。

门838年，美国人艾尔菲德•维尔(Alfred Vail)又在此基础上构思了一个“通过点、划和中间的停顿，可以计每个字符和标点符号彼此独立地发送出去”的方案，形成了现在人们所熟知的美式摩尔斯电码，进而使之用来传送了世界上第一份无线电电报。

时隔十年后，1 84 8年:摩尔斯电码在Friedrich Clemens Gerke的演变发明下，成为现代国际摩尔斯电码，并被正式用于德国的汉堡和库克斯哈文之间的电报通信。

1865年，摩尔斯电码经少量修改之后被国际电报大会在巴黎标准化。

最终，国际电联将其统一定名为“国际摩尔斯电码”。

纵然摩尔斯电码成为历史，人们依旧不会忘记它在人类历史发展进程中所发挥的巨大作用。

从上个世纪1914-1918年的第一次世界大战到1939-1945年的第二次世界大战，人们仍记’}乙犹新。

在战争魔王的手中:摩尔斯电码成了一种变相的杀戮工具，无数的生灵惨遭涂炭。

但在为自由而战的正义者手中，它又成为一种拯救牛灵的武器。

在以欧洲交战国为核心的一战主战场，和席卷欧洲、北非、东南亚、太平洋、中国的二战战场，著名的代号为“攀登新高山”的日本偷袭珍珠港行动，美国人扔在日本广岛的‘小男孩”:中国人民艰苦卓绝的八年抗战，以及载入史册的辽沈、淮海、平津三大解放k}争战役4，，，无不界现出摩尔斯密码电(情)报能左右战场格局、改变国家民族命运的重要地位。

在那个看不见硝烟的隐蔽战线，有多少无名英雄为正义捐躯，像苏联杰出的谍报英雄左格尔，女谍报员安娜克•劳津，德国共产主义间谍理杳德•佐尔格，日本红色特工中西功、尾崎秀实;中国的李侠、沈安娜、余则成、熊阔海、喻爱华•说摩尔斯电码颠覆了人类历史，这毫不夸张}3说摩尔斯电码的灵感推动了人类现代卫星通讯技术的革命，这绝非戏言。

纵然摩尔斯电码成为历史，作为一名航海者，决然不会忘记摩尔斯电码为了新中国远洋运输事业所建立的特殊功勋，而那些曾纤昼夜艰苦工作在船舶电台的报务员们，则是一群用摩尔斯电码进行船岸沟通工作的可爱战十。

纵横大海数十载，笔者有机会与数十付报务员风雨同舟。

而与报务员雷鸣同船工作的一次西非之旅，令人铭心刻骨，难以忘怀。

1989年仲夏.笔者奉命接任日轮船长，完成由上海装载8 aoo吨大米出发，辗转香港、新加坡，跨越印度洋绕过好望角.入大西洋去西非尼日利亚拉格斯等港，一路加载、卸货然后从两非辗转北上地中海的环球航次任务。

雷鸣奉调日轮的航次时，己纤是天津远洋公司的通用报务员。

日轮由印度洋腹地小心翼翼地向好望尾前行，船上的往来电报也开始频密起来。

那时候，船岸卫早通信还是一个传说。

笔者清楚地记得次年在南也门卸货，因为两名港口工人在船伤亡事故不得不求助于停靠码头外的希腊船。

希腊船长通过卫通电话为笔者拨通了香港船东，完成了请乐，希a船长毫不客气地开出了发票，每分钟收费37美元现金二所以跑西非航外的报务员通常都要求朴务精熟身体强壮，因为那些来自船东的、租船人的、两非日的港各港口代理的中英文报务往来，完全要依赖收发报机拍发摩尔斯电码。

而无线电信号常常受到电离层、大洋气象、船岸电台的距离、电台波段的宽窄，包括报务员指法等诸多因素干扰。

一名合格的报务员是在惊涛骇浪中练就的。

8月12日子夜，笔者在驾驶台写完《夜航命令》交代了二副夜航注意事项后，回到房间准备休息。

突然，一阵急促的敲门声在笔者的卧宰门前响起。

‘船长，老四这会儿正在机舱疼得打滚呐!”‘’怎么回事，”‘’说己纤有两个多小时了，医生也没辙了，止痛针用过，可一会儿又不行晰!”笔者急跟水手小徐来到下层住区走廊。

三管轮孙太履的房间里挤满了人，汗水浸透7他的汗衫。

他痛苦地呻吟着在床卜打滚。

’‘船长，我怀疑是胰腺炎，要么就是腹膜炎.:这两种症状如果不及时治疗，后果都很严重。

’原先在部队当过卫牛员的船医老康神色严峻地告诉笔者。

‘只有送陆地:向陆地求援，’船医严肃地点点头，那意思是对这个突发病案无能为力。

船上没有配备卫通电话，船位前不靠村后不着店。

一切与陆地的联系只有依赖电台，惟有摩尔斯电报，最远的是数万公里之外的公司大本营，最近的是位+南非好望角东部的伊丽莎白港。

南非海岸台是通住中国广州、卜海、天津口岸的唯一中转信号台，业内人十都知道，印度洋纵深最好的无线电通信时段右黄昏，而产深夜无线电紧急呼叫国内，难度可想而知。

此外，当时中国与南非尚未建交，两国没有直航:深更半夜要在陌生的国度寻求代理人，难度之大，可以想象。

原本平静的日轮炸开了锅。

咨询病情的电报，联系南非港口的电报，公司对病员船员的一系列安排指令，通过在电台通宵工作的雷鸣得到了解决。

13日中午，由南非伊丽莎白港派出的高速快艇靠近了剧烈颠簸的日轮右舷，全船的弟兄费了为牛二虎之力终于将三管轮孙太若送卜了快艇，实习牛童林随行。

一周后，日轮抵达尼日利亚，笔者从锚地乘拖轮下地给伊丽莎白港代理人打了长途电话。

结果是急性腹膜炎化脓性穿了。

再晚几十分钟，病人将回天无力。

成功手术后的两个星期，他们二人搭乘飞机安全返回国内。

就是这么一个非同寻常的经历，就是雷鸣娴熟的无线电业务，就是雷鸣在非常时期的非常时刻，用摩尔斯电报拯救了一个危在旦夕的兄弟的生命。

轮机员孙太宏不能忘记他，家人不能忘记他，笔者更不能忘记他，是他成为笔者的得力臂膀，让笔者在后来的黑海、地中海和红海之行一路顺风。

今天：幸运的弟兄们一旦遭遇这样的突发情况，电话会保证船长和岸基及时取得联系。

祝愿航行在五洲四大洋的战友们:愿你们一路顺风！同时，藉以此文表示一位中国远洋船长对萨缪尔•芬利•布里斯•摩尔斯的缅怀。

Morse，永远的摩尔斯来源于：《电气与电子工程师学会会报》附：英文原文Morse, foreverIntroduction："Note that all people pay attention to, this is the last before we always silent cry!" In 1997 AD, as the French navy to send at the end of this message, Morse Code (Morse Code) officially retired from the 7 military history since it was born 162. Then, in 1999. Morse code is from the international maritime communications system navigation quietly out of the field. As a kind of information coding standard, Morse code cannot be replaced by it, not better than, unparalleled coding, continue for more than one and a half century, in order to change human destiny, promote the process of human historical development, has made an indelible contribution.Yes, with the rapid development of modern communication technology, satellite mobile communication system and mobile communication system, ground in recent years, provided the platform of mobile communication system field, especially the iridium satellite constellation communication system of the "whoever at any place and any time, anyone with any way can communication, outside the earth any place can contact each other to see day" a revolution of modern communication technology, the original old is dwarfed by the Morse code.As some persistent people advocating letters not credulous SMS, letters can make people's emotional activity in the process of the whole hair slowly, their emotional experience will over time to precipitate sublimation. Mobile phone text messages are not: looks lightsomeconvenient: can easily to people's emotional activities create a kind of anesthesia, when I no longer period, dilution, dilution and easily forgotten it. God send Morse code, is it ridiculous layers of encryption and decipher fooling. Civil ShangPiao Morse plain code and whatever, but when used in war, those who sleep in the history of vast spy story, but is closely associated with Moore Smith yards.History should not forget that great inventor like Morse.We should not be forgotten, americans Samuel Morse (SamuelF. B. Morse) in 1835, has been the inspiration of "electromagnetic wide sense" drive invented in the history of the first telegraph. Door in 838, americans al fe DE vere (Alfred Vail) and based on this idea of a "by point, and in the middle of the pause, you can count each character and punctuation sends out" alone with each other, to form the now familiar American Morse code, and then make the cable used to transmit the world's first radio. After ten years, 1, 84, 8 years: Morse code in Friedrich Clemens Gerke under the evolution of the invention, the modern international Morse code, and was formally used in Hamburg in Germany, and libraries, the telegraph communication between ha. In 1865, Morse code after a few changes in the international standardization of cable assembly in Paris. In the end, the itu will be unified entitled "international Morse code".Although Morse code history, people still won't forget it in the process of human historical development play a huge role. Since the 1914-1918 the first world war in 1939-1945 to the second world war, people still remember '} b bj. In the hands of the war Lord: Morse code is a disguised form of killing tools, countless creatures of misery. But in the fight for freedom of hand, it has become a kind of save NiuLing weapons. In European engagement as the coreof the main battlefield of world war I, and across Europe, north Africa, southeast Asia, the Pacific, China's battlefield of world war ii, the famous code-named"Climb the high mountain" of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, americans throw on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, '" the little boy, eight years war of resistance, of the China's arduous and history LiaoShen three k} for liberation, huaihai, tianjin battle of 4,,, all circles appear Moore Smith yards electric (feeling) can control the battlefield pattern, change the fate of the nation. In the invisible hidden front of smoke, how many unsung heroes died for justice, as the Soviet union outstanding spy hero, left, female spy member Anna, fatigue and Zimbabwe, German communist spy space DE sorge, agents work of Chinese and western, Japanese red tail battery show real; Chinese Li Xia, Shen Anna, yu is, Xiong Kuo sea, YuAiHua said Morse code overturns the human history, it literally} 3 said the inspiration for Morse code promotes the human modern satellite communications technology revolution, it is no joke.Although Morse code become history, as a voyager, decisively won't forget Morse code to new China ocean shipping enterprise established by special feats, and those who have fine days and nights of hard work in the ship's radio operator, with Morse code is a group of lovely war ten ship-to-shore communication work. The sea decades, the author with dozens of operator's windThe rain with the boat. While working with operator's thunder cultivate a trip to west Africa, is fleeting, unforgettable.LunChuanChang midsummer of 1989. The author was ordered to take over days, completed by the Shanghai loading 8 aoo tons of rice, Hong Kong, Singapore, and across the IndianOcean around the cape of good hope. Into the Atlantic ocean to the west Africa Nigeria Lagos port, such as loading, unloading and then all the way from both the north and the Mediterranean Sea voyage round the world. Thunder FengDiao voyage of the sun's disc, the fiber is tianjin ocean companyGeneral operator.By the sun's disc hinterland cautiously positive at the tail in the Indian Ocean, the ship's current cable also began to frequent. At that time, the ship shore who early communication is still a legend. I clearly remember the following year to unload in south yemen, because the two port workers in injuries had to resort to ship dock outside the Greek ship. Greek captain by who on the phone as I called the owner in Hong Kong, finished please, when a captain unceremoniously for payment of the invoice, $37 per minute cash. So run west Africa air operator usually outside the park service requires mastery the body strong, because those from the shipowners, charterers, two non day Hong Kong ports agent in both Chinese and English radio, completely rely on transmitter-receiver Morse. The radio signal is often the ionosphere, ocean meteorology, ship shore station distance, radio band width, including operator's fingering, and many other factors. A qualified operator is developed in the waves. Midnight on August 12, the author in the bridge finished the night order narrates the two night after considerations, back to the room to rest. Suddenly, a quick knock on the door at the lie in front of the slaughter of the ring. 'captain, old four are cabin writhed in pain at the moment! "' what's the matter," said 'own fiber have more than two hours, the doctor also helpless, pain injection, but then no norm! "I urgent to sailor xu came to the lower residential hallway. Third engineer sun too shoe room full of people, so sweaty 7 his shirt. He groanedin pain in bed wallow. ' 'the captain, I suspect the pancreatitis, or peritonitis. : the two kinds of symptoms if not treated, the consequences are very serious.' in the army as a cattle member of original vessel physician look old kang gravely told me.'only send land: the land for help,' the vessel physician nodded gravely, the mean of the emergency medical record powerless. The ship has not been equipped with a guard on the phone, before the position in the middle of nowhere. All links with the land only depend on the radio, but the Morse telegraph, the farthest is company warehouse, tens of thousands of kilometers from the nearest is a + South Africa's eastern cape port Elizabeth. South Africa live in guangzhou, China, BuHai coast station is connected the only transit signal station, tianjin port, the person all know, ten of the Indian Ocean in depth the best radio communication time right at dusk, and produces the night radio emergency call home, difficulty cans be imagined. In addition, at that time, China's relations with South Africa has not yet, no direct flights between the two countries: late at night to be in a strange country seeking agents, the difficulty of, as you can imagine.Blasted the peaceful disc of the pot. Consultation condition of cable, South African port cables, instructions to patient crew members of a series of arrangements, the company through the radio work all night thunder has been resolved. 13 at noon, high-speed yacht sent by port Elizabeth, South Africa near the starboard side, the intense turbulence disc of the ship's brother took out for the power of the tiger will finally third engineer sun too send bligh speedboat, internship NiuTong accompanying Lin.A week later, the sun's disc arrived in Nigeria, the author from anchorage by tug down to the port Elizabeth agent make a long distance call. The result is the acute peritonitis suppurativewear. Few minutes later, the patient will save her. After successful surgery two weeks, they fly safely back home.Is such an unusual experience, is the thunder adept radio service, is the very moment of thunder in the very period, save a precarious by Morse telegraph brother's life. Engineer Sun Taihong can't forget him, his family can't forget him, I can't forget him, is he to be the author's right arm, let the author in the subsequent trip to the black sea, the Mediterranean and the red sea bon voyage.Today: lucky brothers when under such emergency, will ensure that the captain and shore-based promptly get in touch. Wish the voyage in five continents four oceans comrades: I wish you a pleasant journey! At the same time, in order to this article said a Chinese ocean-going captain to Samuel finley, Bristol, Morse's honor.Morse Morse, foreverFrom: 《Proceedings of the IEEE》。