英国文学论文_苔丝
苔丝论文
苔丝摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》被称为英国文学和世界文学的瑰宝，出版于十九世纪末，作者是英国伟大的批判现实主义作家，被予以“一个耸立在维多利亚时代和新时代交界线上的忧郁形象”----托马斯．哈代。
该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女苔丝失身后悲惨的命运。
文章通过对社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会的思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的。
除此之外,这与她自身性格的弱点也是分不开的，她对命运有着反抗的一面也有妥协的一面。
所以，作为普通人的苔丝与当时社会的抗争是无助的，最终会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，沦为社会的牺牲品。
关键词：悲剧伦理道德人性宿命论牺牲品一、作者简介与其小说思想背景：托马斯・哈代，1840年6月2日生于英格兰的多塞特郡，1928年1月11日去世。
他年轻时博览群书，母亲爱好文学，深受其影响，哈代二十二岁开始写诗，一心想成为一个诗人。
他用了五年的时间，勤奋地写作诗歌，但在二十七岁时，毅然转向小说。
两年后，他的第一篇短篇小说虽被采纳，但在乔治・梅雷迪斯的劝导下，他决定不发表。
他的第一部小说《计出无奈》于1871年问世。
在此后的二十五年里，他发表了十四部小说和两本短篇小说集，其中最著名，最深刻的两部小说：《德伯家的苔丝》（T ess of the D’Urbervilles）和《无名裘德》（Jude the Obscure）。
哈代生活的时代, 正是英国由自由资本主义向帝国主义过度的时期, 资本主义在给英国社会创造了繁荣的经济的同时也加深了下层贫苦人民的困境, 特别是十九世纪七十年代以后,资本主义侵入农村, 使农村的宗法社会基础彻底崩溃。
哈代亲眼目睹了资本主义入侵农村致使农民破产的情况, 他在作品中描写了资本主义给农村带来的灾难，并且对农民的悲惨境遇寄予同情, 但是哈代由于自己所处的社会时代的局限, 尽管他想找出解决这些问题的出路, 但是最终也没有成功。
论《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲惨命运的根源
论《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲惨命运的根源一、本文概述《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代笔下的一部深刻描绘社会悲剧与个体命运纠缠的杰作。
作品以女主角苔丝为中心，细腻展现了她在维多利亚时代英国社会大背景下所经历的种种磨难与不幸。
本文旨在探讨苔丝悲惨命运的根源，通过对小说文本的细致解读，结合社会历史背景，深入剖析导致苔丝悲剧命运的多重因素。
文章将从家庭背景、社会环境、个人性格以及道德观念等多个维度展开论述，以期对苔丝的命运有更全面、深入的理解。
通过对苔丝悲剧命运的探讨，本文旨在引发对个体命运与社会环境之间复杂关系的思考，以及对维多利亚时代社会道德观念的反思。
二、苔丝的家庭背景与成长环境在《德伯家的苔丝》这部小说中，苔丝的命运之源可以追溯至她的家庭背景与成长环境。
苔丝出生于一个贫穷的小贩家庭，这样的家庭环境使她在物质和精神层面都面临着巨大的压力。
她的父母，尽管深爱着女儿，但却无力为她提供一个更为优越的生活环境。
在生活的压力下，他们只能寄希望于苔丝能够借助婚姻改变家庭的困境，这无形中为苔丝的未来铺设了一条布满荆棘的道路。
在这样的家庭背景下，苔丝的成长环境也充满了挑战。
她不仅要面对生活的艰辛，还要应对社会对贫困家庭的偏见和歧视。
她的纯真和善良在这样的环境中显得格格不入，这也为她日后遭遇的种种不幸埋下了伏笔。
在苔丝的成长过程中，她缺乏足够的关爱和引导，这使得她在面对人生的重大抉择时，常常显得无所适从。
在这样的家庭与成长环境下，苔丝的命运似乎早已注定。
她的纯真和善良成为了她最大的软肋，使她在面对世俗的丑恶时，无力抵抗。
而她的家庭背景则成为了她无法摆脱的枷锁，使她在追求幸福的道路上步履维艰。
因此，可以说苔丝的家庭背景与成长环境是她悲惨命运的根源之一。
然而，尽管苔丝的命运充满了悲剧色彩，但她的坚韧和勇敢却让人深感敬佩。
她在面对生活的种种不幸时，从未放弃过对美好未来的向往和追求。
她的故事让我们深刻认识到，家庭背景与成长环境虽然对个体的命运有着深远的影响，但个体的坚韧和勇气同样能够创造出属于自己的未来。
英语论文 《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝的悲剧成因分析
contentsAbstract (I)内容摘要 (II)1. Introduction (1)1.1 About tragedy and Tess of D’urbervilles (1)1.2 About Thomas Hardy (2)1.3 Background of the Novel (3)2. Two Deep Stratification of the Tess’ tragedy in the ovel (4)2.1 Family and Society Caused Tess’s Tragedy (4)2.2 Hypocritical Capitalism Morals View and Unequal Legal System (5)2.3 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (6)3. Characters Analysis in the Novel (6)3.1 Tess’s Character (7)3.2 Alec’s Characters (9)3.3 Clare’s Characters (10)Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)AbstractLiterature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars have begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England; Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. His novel reflected the real society. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Hardy succeeded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic. This paper will discuss the causes of Tess tragedy in terms of environment and characters that Tess involved.Key Words：Tess’s Tragedy; Social Environment; Family Environment; Moral ethic; Character内容摘要文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。
试论苔丝悲剧的成因 2
苔丝悲剧的成因：在19世纪末20世纪初的英国作家中。
托马斯·哈代是一位“在历史与未来交叉点上的文学家”。
而《苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最著名的小说之一。
故事讲述的是农家姑娘苔丝为帮助家庭摆脱经济困难而外出做工的不幸遭遇和悲剧。
我们通常可以从三个角度品味悲剧：社会的悲剧、性格的悲剧和宿命的悲剧。
而苔丝的悲剧就包含这三种形式的悲剧。
一、时代社会的悲剧1．苔丝的悲剧是一个社会悲剧。
社会悲剧是人同环境的冲突造成的。
苔丝生活在19世纪80年代。
资本主义开始侵人家长统治下的英国农村，小农经济开始一步步走向崩溃，造成个体农民的破产。
农民为了生存，不得不向工人转化。
苔丝作为一个贫苦农民的女儿，而后又作为一个雇佣劳动者，其命运必然是悲惨的。
苔丝的祖上原本是贵族，后来衰败了。
苔丝家里的老马被撞死后，他们一家就破产了，失去了赖以生存的经济基础，苔丝不得不去投靠假冒的本家，在杜伯维尔家养鸡，这个重要的转折不仅使她失去了童贞，更使她成了一个靠出卖自己劳力赚钱生活的农业工人。
离开杜伯维尔家后，为了生活，苔丝又去了奶牛场做了一名挤奶女工。
包括后来种萝卜时被残忍地剥削和压迫都足以看出农民阶级已经向无产阶级转变了。
面对整个家庭的饥饿和死亡．苔丝在生存的压力、家人的哀求与阿历克的利诱下，最终被逼无奈，重投阿历克的怀抱。
正是这一行为，使苔丝失去了可能获得幸福的最后机会。
2.以阿历克和克莱尔为代表的不同性质的社会势力导致了苔丝的悲剧。
阿历克作为作品中的反面人物是邪恶的代表。
为了得到苔丝，他以他母亲的名义写信欺骗苔丝为他工作并利用一切机会接近并占有苔丝。
就是这样一个荒淫好色的恶魔后来居然变成了一个劝人行善的牧师，这更加体现了阿历克所代表的宗教势力的伪善。
而克莱尔在作品中是资产阶级虚伪道德的体现者，在他身上既有一定的开明思想也保留着传统的道德偏见。
他虽出身牧师家庭却不愿当牧师为上帝服务而愿意务农为人类服务。
他鄙视阶级偏见、等级观念，厌弃都市繁华的生活而到农村和农工一样从事繁重的体力劳动!在恋爱问题上他温文尔雅、严肃认真，这说明他是当时具有自由思想的资产阶级知识分子。
关于苔丝的英文作文
关于苔丝的英文作文英文回答：Tess of the d'Urbervilles is one of the most memorable and complex female characters in English literature. She is a young woman who is repeatedly victimized by men, but she never loses her spirit or her compassion. Tess is a tragic figure, but she is also a symbol of resilience and hope.I find Tess to be a relatable character because she is so human. She makes mistakes, but she always tries to do the right thing. She is flawed, but she is also kind and loving. I admire Tess's strength and determination, and I am always inspired by her story.One of the most memorable scenes in the novel is when Tess is raped by Alec d'Urberville. This is a traumatic event, but Tess does not let it define her. She goes on to live a full and meaningful life, and she eventually finds happiness with Angel Clare.Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a powerful and moving novel that explores the themes of love, loss, and redemption. I highly recommend it to anyone who enjoys classic literature or who is interested in strong female characters.中文回答：苔丝·德伯菲尔德是英国文学中最令人难忘、最复杂的人物形象之一。
苔丝英语论文（最终版）
苔丝英语论文（最终版）第一篇：苔丝英语论文（最终版）The Analysis of the Tragic Life of TessThe story happened in the late 19th century, the cruel capitalist exploitation has ruined the English countryside severely and Wessex is not immune from the destruction;the capitalism brings great harm to the agriculture life;all the self-supporting peasants are all live in a rather miserable life.Tess of the D‟Urbervilles is one of the Hardy‟s Wessex novels.The agricultural region of the southern countries England is the novel’s setting.The social conventions and the moral level Angel Clare, a man of liberal mind, is the son of a clergyman.In this novel, he is the direct opposite of Alec.He has broken with the traditions of his family to seek the ideal in a quiet rural life.He looks down upon the material distinction of rank and wealth.He wants to have own farm with Tess.In his eyes, Tess is lovely and pure.He treats Tess“equally”.all the above mentioned make T ess fall in love with him and is engaged to him.T o some extent he is different form other man, for his mind is opening.To our surprised after Tess tells him her past story, although he is a sinner for he had some affair with a bad woman, he refuses to forgive Tess just like Tess forgives him.We can find the weakness and flaws of his personality.In his eyes, the judge of purity still depends on the social conventions and the moral level.We can find that he is the slave of the custom and conventionality.He tells Tess that his lover is not Tess but another woman in her shape.He brings great harm to Tess and play an important role in the tragic life.Tess is seduced by Alec, so Tess is scandalized by the narrow-minded people.When her son who is regarded as a bastard is todie, his father refuses to asked preacher to give the baptism of the child, for her father feels ashamed with Tess and he is afraid of people‟s laughing and discussion.No one care about Tess and every one think she is guilty.Tess suffers a lot while the arch-criminal Alec has become the preacher.No one think he is guilty.The unequal treatment makes her life tragic.Self –sacrifice and responsibilityWithout doubt, Tess is rather obedient girl.when the death of the old horse destroy her family‟s business, Tess thinks it is her fault.Then Durbeyfield began to shovel in the earth and the children cried anew.Tess does not cry.Her face is dry and pale, as though she regarded herself in the light of a murderess.Tess thinks that she has dragged her parents into this quagmire, so she wonders what she could do help her family get out of trouble.She accepts her mother‟s advice and goes to work on Alec‟s farm, and later she is seduced by Alec.The second time, Tess…s father dies and her family have no food and have no p lace to live in.Tess is driven to accept Alec‟s advice and live with Alec to support her family.Tess, a member of the family, thinks that she has responsibility for her family, so she must try her best to change her family‟s situation.Every time it is at the cost of her happiness that her family can continue to live.When Tess tells Angel her past story, Angel refuses to forgive her and leave Tess alone.Tess does not show her anger to him, although she has enough reasons to do that.Angel is also a sinner, because he has affair with a bad woman.Tess can forgive her fault while he can not forgive Tess, which is unfair for Tess.Tess does not hate Angel and she just hope for his forgive.We can find that Tess just think of others.She never just thinks of herself.Her Self –sacrifice and responsibility impress the reader strongly.Braveness andInnocence It is hard for people to think that a young girl seduced by others does not marry the man, but Tess does;under the suffering of losing her baby, without hesitation, Tess goes to a farm as a milkmaid at Talbot hays;all show that she is brave.Because of her braveness she refuses to marry Alec and becomes a baby‟s mother who doesn‟t marry;because of braveness, when Angel came back, in order to shows her love andlive with Angel, T ess kills Alec and hides with Angel in a forest;even when she wakes up only to find the arrest, Tess deals with it calmly and she is not sad.What we can not deny is that braveness and innocence is the good quality that everyone shall have, however, the function of this good quality is the guide to the pure girl‟s tragedy.Because of her innocence, she does not accept her mother‟s advice, she tells her past story to Clare, and Angel does not understand her and refused to forgive her.Tess is abandoned by Angel.Then she begins anther tragedy.In fact, if she does not tell Angel her seduction by Alec, Angel has no choice to know about her past, if Angel does not learn about her past story, Angel does not think her is not pure and abandon her.Innocence and braveness is good personality, while Tess she pays her young and gold life for the cost.Braveness makes people think her is not pure;innocence makes her lose her husband.In this sentence, Tess asked Angel to marry her sister who is a simple and pure woman.From this we can find that the traditional morality and Fatalism is in the blood of Tess and T ess is affected by it deeply.It becomes one part of her body.so although Tess fights with all the unfair treatment, she comes to terms with the society and evil at last.ConclusionIn the novel Tess of the D‟Urbervilles, Tess is a poor countrygirl.In the beginning of the novel, the poor girl goes to work on Alec‟s farm, and then she is seduced by Alec.She is the victim in this case, but People all think she is guilt, even her husband, for people judge “purity” depend on the social conventions and the moral level.So at last, Tess is arrested and hangs, which means that Tess fails to fight with the sociality.The cruel capitalist exploitation is the reason why Tess is in poverty.Because of the struggle to live, Tess force to work under the capitalist exploitation.So in a word ,the bourgeois society is responsible for Tess‟s miseries and sufferings ,and Tess‟s personalities become her own weakness.第二篇：英语论文《苔丝悲剧成因》开题报告1.Research IntentionTess of the D’urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy(1840-1928), describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess.In this novel, we can see Tess resist her unjust fate again and again, suffer setbacks again and again, till to be destroyed.We can not help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear.At the same time we deeply feel that her tragedy is inevitable.The cause of her tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? This paper will try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of the heroine’s tragedy.2.Literary ReviewFrom the later nineteenth century until now,Thomas Hardy and his works have been the important topics of the criticism for a long time.After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’urbervilles and Thomas Hardy’s other novels from variousperspectives.For instance, Professor Webster begins with a discussion of Hardy’s intentions in writing Tess.According to his views, Tess of the D’urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy’s war against man’s inhumanity.Arnold Kettle takes a different point of view.For him the subject of Tess of the D’urbervilles is not the tragedy of a “pure woman”, but rather the destruction of the English peasantry.Mr.Kettle sees it as complete as a social novel.In China, Prof.Zhang and Wu have published their own books on Hardy’s novels and other works.There are3.Research ProcessThis paper comprises three parts dealing respectively with several main factors that lead to Tess’s final tragedy, including the background, the social environment, two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate and finally the weakness of the central character’s personalities.Besides, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysterious and incidental factors.The following is the outline of the paper.Part 1.Introduction This part is a brief introduction to the author and his masterpiece.1.1Thomas Hardy and his works1.2Tess of the D’urbervillesPart 2.Causes for the tragedy of TessThe cause of Tess’s tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In this paper, I try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of heroine’s tragedy.2.1 The impoverishment and decay of small farmersThis novel has for its setting the agricultural region of the southern countries of England.The writer truthfully depicts the impoverishment and decay of small farmers who become hiredfield hands and roam the country in search of seasonal job.These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.In this novel, we can see clearly that one of the real reasons that lead to her extermination is her impoverishment.2.2Alec and Clare In this novel, Hardy describes how Tess was killed by the times she lived in clearly.There are two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate.She, a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer, so Alec---the vicious capitalist power of the Victorian Times and Clare---the representative of liberal bourgeoisie killed her cruelly and without mercy.It seemed that Alec was the prime culprit of Tess, but in fact, it was Clare who killed Tees more cruelly.2.3 The weakness of her characterApart from fierce Alec and hypocritical Clare, it is the weakness of her character that leads to her sad fate.Tess was able to fight against the unfairness of the society.She could face various difficulties in life bravely, yet she couldn’t extricate herself from traditional moral principles.She was aware that she was the victim of social violence and moral principles.On the other hand, though she dared to beat back the unjustness, she couldn’t break with traditional morality completely.2.4 Some mysterious and incidental factorsThe last but not the least, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysteriousand incidental factors.Examples of the fateful incidents abound in the novel.Part 3.ConclusionIt is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of hercharacter became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.4.ConclusionThrough studying the representative workTess of the D’urbervilles, we will be able to have a better appreciation of the great achievements of Thomas Hardy.It seemed that if there were no unexpected happenings, she might have a happy life;maybe she would finish her life peacefully.It appeared there were unexpected factors in her every important life stage, those factors lead to her tragedy.But in fact, just as we infer from our previous discussion, it is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.Bibliography［1］Chen Jia.Selected Readings in English Literature(Volume 2)［M］.The Commercial Press, 2004 ［2］Chenxia.Analysi s of the Tragic Mood in “T ess of the D’Urbervilles”［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China(social societies), 1998(2):100-102［3］Huangjing.On the causes of the tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of NorthwestMinorities University(social science), 2002,(3):95-98［4］Li Jian, Yuanjing.The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of DaqingTeachers’ College, 2005,(2):65-66［5］Liu Yafei.Doomed from the start ［6］ThomasHardy.Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation& Translation Press, 2004［7］Wang ments on the Tragedy of T essa ［J］.Journal of ChengdeVocational College, 2005(4)：26-27［8］Zhang Xiaodong.Talk about tongue silk tragic certainty and meaning［J］.Journal of Chaohu College, 2004,(6):74-77第三篇：苔丝Comments on Tess of the D'UrbervillesTess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy.Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins.Tess comes from a farmer’s family, the Durbeyfields.She has lived a poor but peaceful life.However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl.One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England.Tess’s parents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news.Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman.Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, D’Urbervilles.There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her.Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the D’Urbervilles.Her tragic life has just begun.Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant.Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home.Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness.For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow.Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has toleave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire.They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel.After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged.Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec D’Urbervilles and the child.She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust.T ess again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay.In the meantime, Alec D’Urbervilles, the evil person appears again.He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields’ poverty and continues to tempt Tess.He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess dependent.At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man.However, the tragedy has not finished yet.Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality.And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate.After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him.Then she follows Angel and escape with him.They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested.She is hanged later.This wasn’t my first time to read “T ess of the D'Urbervilles” Actually, the first time I read the novel was in high school.At that moment, I thought that Tess was really a tragic figure in the book “Tess of the D’Urbervilles”.She was seduced by a so-called gentleman—Alec, and from then on her life totally changed from the loss of innocence.People looked down on her and respected her no more.Virtually, she did nothing wrong because before she was seduced she knew nothing of men.She was just a girl when she first met that terrible man.Nonetheless, she was forced by the gossips and the church to blame herself for this accident, soshe thought she deserved nothing good.In order to get rid of the past, she decided to go to a distant dairy farm but was still saying to herself that she was wrong.Maybe God didn’t agree with that, because the Lord gave her someone she loved with her whole heart and life—Angel Chari.Unfortunately, it was still a sad ending.When I read the story again, I had different affections to the figures of this novel.Why, I meant why Tess fell so much in love with Angel and ended herself up in such misery? I could not tell any merits from Angel from the very beginning, even back to that May Dance on the lawn.Honestly, at the first glance, I concluded that he was an emotional unstable youngster who can barely bear any responsibility.He adopted dual moral standards, I bet Tess's life would be getting better, or even a happy ending with Alec or other normal but kind man without ever Getting the chance to meet Angel.And I was more than willing to adapt this sentence “I f we had danced that day, how happy we might have be” to “ If we have hadn't met on that day, how happy I might have be”.Poor Tess, you got the wrong way!Obviously, Angel was a devil, but this can still make no difference to Tess if she chose to keep that secret what she had already sworn to her mum, an incapable but intelligent mother who always cared for Tess.That's to say, Tess's purity should be blamed, at least partly, for her own tragedy, devil needs counterparts not a real angel to match with each other.In the meantime, Tess is a perfectionist, she can't stand any flaws lying between Angel and herself, yes, and her pursuit of perfect love without any reserve from that man she deeply loves predicts her destiny.Poor Tess, there is never ever perfect love like you imagined in the real world, why not let go of the past and move on? I can't help feeling badly sad for her, she shall know theprinciple of equity can't be translated into reality, particularly a world ruled by men back then, which is almost the case nowadays.Overall, I emphasize that T ess’s purity, perfectionism, principle of equity, and poignancy ended herself up in hanging.Anyway, it's just a fictive novel, but there must be something in common which is applicable even today.第四篇：苔丝遗忘，是来自自由的回忆——论苔丝总会有些过去会让人落一生泪水，总会有些故事暗示七千哀伤。
The tragedy of Tess(苔丝的悲剧)
The tragedy of Tess（苔丝的悲剧）“Tess of the d'Urbervilles ” is generally regarded as Hardy's finest novel. A brilliant tale of seduction, love, betrayal, and murder, Tess of the d'Ubervilles yields to narrative convention by punishing Tess's sin, but boldly exposes this standard denouement of unforgiving morality as cruelly unjust. Throughout, Hardy characterizes Tess as a daughter of nature who endures the brutality of industrialism through the people and circumstances in her life. Using specific language, character depiction, and story development, Hardy provides a strong argument against the urban movement by showing the reader its harsh effects on the agrarian lifestyle. The novel centers around a young woman who struggles to find her place in society.Tess is a beautiful,intelligent and distinguished woman.But those advantages do not take her happiness or good lucky. It didn't like Jane Eyrea good ending the satisfaction of all with the help of oversea colony's money. In her life is full of Suffering and Unfortunate.Who and what couse the tragedy of Tess? I think there are four factors.At first of all, Tess is the tragedy of the times. Tess was living in the late nineteenth century .At that time, British capitalism begin invading rural. This Phenomenon sets conflicting betweeting country and city. In part, Tess represents the changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. Hardy shows that life as a maiden begins in the natural country and ends in the brutal city. Tess's life begins in the rural secluded town of Marlott where the country atmosphere allows her to grow into a virtuous caring young girl. In contrast, Tess's downfall occurs in the city. Towards the end of the tale, when Tess is once again in Alec's possession, negative consequences ensue. She murders Alec in the city of Sandbourne that was like a "fairy place suddenly created by the stroke of a wand." (Pg. 296) The suddenness with which the city is created parallels the quick actions of Tess in murdering Alec d'Urberville. In both scenarios it seems like there was no thought before the action was orchestrated. Once Tess is put to death in the city, the harsh realities of justice and punishment remind the reader of Hardy's pessimistic view of industrialism. Hardy purposely begins and ends Tess's life in such a manner to show her as a sacrifice of rural landscape to the urban movement. Through his portrayal of Tess, Hardy is able to use her entire being to make his negative attitude towards urbanity known.Many people in England were forced to make sacrifices during the industrial revolution. Through language, character depiction, and specific scenes in the novel, Hardy illustrates the harsh effects of industrialism on certain agrarian lifestyles. He shows the reader that the commercialism and emphasis on modernistic ways of life did not fall well with all the people in the land. The substitute of machinery to manual labor came at a heavy price for the beautiful English land and the families who inhabited it. Hardy allows his readers to see that progress may not always be a positive occurrence and good intentions may cause dire consequences.At the beginning of stoy,Tess is a naive country girl. She is primarily a daughter of nature upon whom urbanity will leave its lasting marks. but one day , When her fathe discovere that the low-class Durbeyfield family is in reality the d'Urbervilles,he want Tess to recognizes the relative. Because the family circumstances are poor.tess complies by unvoluntary,even if she feels very ashamed.In there she meets master’s son Alec d’Urberville,who plays a character as chief criminal in her tragic life.An insouciant twenty-four-year-old man, heir to a fortune, and bearer of a name that his fatherpurchased, Alec is the nemesis and downfall of Tess’s life. His first name, Alexander, suggests the conqueror—as in Alexander the GreatZ，who seizes what he wants regardless of moral propriety. His full last name, Stoke-d’Urberville, symbolizes the split character of his family, whose origins are simpler than their pretensions to grandeur. After all, Stokes is a blunt and inelegant name.At the very end of the novel,he becomes a reverent Christian On surface.But when he remeeting Tess, he quickly abandons his newfound Christian faith. It is hard to believe Alec holds his religion, or anything else, sincerely. His supposed conversion may only be a new role he is playing. Indeed Alec is diabolical. Alec creeps up on Tess in the darkness of the Chase and lies with her without her knowing it.He deco nstructed the tess’s chastity and pure.At last,he forces tess to be his lover.Not aslo he really love tess,but only regards tess as his toy. It can be said,he is the immediate cause of tess’s tragedy.Angel Clare is also one of the important factors, caused more serious and terrible harm on tess psychological. Angel Clare is a complex art image. On the one hand,he is Bourgeois intellectuals , having Open minds and independent thinking.He hope depend on his own labor to survive and do not want to inherit his father's mantle..He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. Indeed Angel Clare is a fascinating and good-hearted man. When he was working on the Pasture,a lot of girls admired him. But his love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays.But on the other hand, Angel Clare aslo is one of the male chauvinist supporters. In his heart, he is still difficult to get rid of controling by feudal morals.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.”. Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. So Angel deserts Tess when he finds the innocent country girl he fell in love with is not so pure.On their wedding night, tess confesses that she is not a virgin and explains what happened with Alec d'Urberville. Even though he himself has also had an affair out of wedlock, he becomes upset and is unable to reconcile his real affection for Tess, his wounded pride, and his image of Tess as a pure and virginal figure. He can’t forgive her for having another man’s child even though she forgives him everything. Angel abandons Tess and tells her she cannot contact him; he will contact her. But he has not divorced with tess, because of Men's dignity.At last, after his failure in Brazil, and only then Angel realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. But to his sorrow, when returning to England to find Tess, he discovers tess living in a hotel with Alec d'Urberville.Everthing is too late.In addition, Tess’s character is also an important reason for the tragedy.Although Tess has great courage to against social injustice,she can’t get rid of astrology from her own moral traditions. She understood herself is a victim of the social violence and ethics morals victim. But in while receives which the native place person’s censures, she also consider herselves guilty. To forget the past ,she is Far away her family and home to Tabou Lei. Falls in love with Angel Clare makes her happiness,howere,her heart still fell suffered.Facing Angel Clare’s abandon,she think that is her own crime. Thus she silently endures the unjust fate.In herthingking, strong moral consciousness and religious sense is very obvious. The intense moral sensitivity and psychological atonement causes her to fall into the mire of suffering and tragedy. Tess has a lot of advantages, for instance saidindustriously, selfless, simple. Among them, her most Prominent advantages is pure, as the author described in subheading-“A pure woman”.But the such commendable moral excellence makes her go to the Abyss of tragedy. She is unable to live with Alec for the matter to enjoy ,while she can’t deceive Angel for Own happiness. If Tess is willing, she can request Alec to marry with her,when she was pregnant with his child, and does not have to endure other people's criticism.On wedding night, Listening to the advice of her mother,she can chooses to Hide her busband the matter happened with Alec d'Urberville,like any other women who have suffered simila matter as her.but her pure don’t allow her to do such “simple” matter.Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.In a word, Tess is a really pure woman. She has many valuable advantages.But because of Personal reasons, soc ial reasons and time reasons,she didn’t have a good end. Her tragedy is inevitable.摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学的瑰宝。
赏析《德伯家的苔丝》中文论文
赏析《德伯家的苔丝》中文论文《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学巨匠托马斯.哈代的代表作，小说具有一种独特的质朴之美和天然魅力。
下面是店铺带来的关于赏析《德伯家的苔丝》论文的内容，欢迎阅读参考!赏析《德伯家的苔丝》论文篇1：《德伯家的苔丝》乡间道路的叙事视角【摘要】《德伯家的苔丝》通常被认为是哈代最具代表意义的威塞克斯小说。
本文从叙事学的视角对该小说进行了进一步的分析研究，选取了乡间道路这一独特的叙事视角对小说的人物和结构进行了解读，发现这一独特的叙事视角更增添了故事的内涵和艺术特色。
【关键词】叙事学;视角;乡间道路0.引言《德伯家的苔丝》小说的背景是被哈代先生称为威塞克斯的地区，属于“威塞克斯小说”。
小说中的人物，绝大多数都是生活在威塞克斯地区，古老而偏僻的乡村，人与人之间的联系和交往，对乡村生活的参与都通过乡间道路来连接。
通过乡间道路来衔接故事情节，使众多人物、事件、场景得以和谐统一，从而使作品结构严谨，是《德伯家的苔丝》的一大特点。
1.乡间道路的叙事结构1.1 从乡间道路切入叙事乡间道路在《德伯家的苔丝》里不仅具有实用性和连接功用，更主要是担负了叙事的视角功能。
整部小说叙事都从乡间道路开始，通过乡间道路切入叙事，由乡间道路引入场景，连接场景和转换场景。
乡间道路是连接各个场景和整个情节线索的分节点和叙事视角。
乡间道路对章节首尾的连接小说多个章节的开端结尾都用乡间道路或与之相应的活动粘连。
如第一节的开端，苔丝的父亲提着鸡蛋篮子，在乡间道路上遇到了牧师，得到了一个没用的消息，说他是武士的后代，引出悲剧。
第二十九回，苔丝坐上那“带弹簧轮子的大车”，和克莱一起送奶到车站。
第三十回开头，“他们两个坐着车，在渐渐微弱的阳光里，顺着平坦的道路，过一片一片的草场，往前走去了;”小说结尾，安玑和苔丝的妹妹“刚一有了气力，就站了起来，手拉着手往前走去。
”文中还可找到很多类似的例子。
1.2 串联情节的媒介：乡间道路作为串联情节媒介的乡间道路成功地串起来苔丝的故事情节线。
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Causes of Tragedy of Tess of the D’UrbervillesAbstract: Tes s of the D’Urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy, describes the unfortunate, short life of a poor peasant girl, Tess.It is also a realistic novel which reflects the miserable fate of the individual farmer of England in the late of 19th century. Tess’s tragedy is a true portrayal of the poor of her time. The cause of her tragedy is always a concern of people. Key words: Tess；destiny tragedy；accidental tragedy；psychological determinism What is the dominant force that leads to the tragedy of Tess? Why is inevitable for her to avoid the unfortunate fate? It is a key to analyze this female image. In the novel, the author, Hardy offered the whole society a thoughtful question through the tragic sufferings of Tess. He said: Such a beautiful girl, who is so sensitive like gossamer and at that time so pure like snow. Why did it happen to her fate to be covered with that rough shadow? The profound philosophy from thousands of years is not able to explain the fact according to the traditional concept on order. A series of questions and confusion of the author, all of these just prove the necessity to find out the essential cause of Tes s’ tragedy.The destiny tragedy opinion scholar thought that the unfortunate of Tess’ life results from heredity gene of her noble blood, and the presage of certain inauspicious fate. The scholars prove it by quoting the sight line from the other characters in the novel. The ancestor of Tess is the old knight aristocrats. Although her forefathers had been reduced to poverty, neither rich nor famous any longer, she was still the descendant of the D’Urbervilles family, the noble blood relationship. And it is easily for her to become enamored. Besides, her obedience is also a deadly cause for tragedy. When she was in first sight of Angel Clare, evidently, she was enamored for him, but Clare did not dance with her. At last Tess was raped by this bloodthirsty devil. The destiny tragedy thought that she deserved it. When Clare sleepwalked, he put Tess into a stone coffin in an old temple. All of these facts make the people believe that Tess’ suffering is a trick that the God played on her.The accidental tragedy scholars think that the inevitability of Tess’tragic fate is result from certain occasional incidents. As the novel mentioned, if her horse,the prince had not been crashed to death by the postal car, Tess would not have to go to work for the chicken house of the D’Urbervilles. Then, she would not be raped by Alec and had not had the love baby, and she would not be censured by the others. Namely, if only there was no the first accidental incident happened to her, all kinds of unfortunate and miserable ending would not occur latter. Just because of a little wrong step, it leads to being negative in the latter matters and finally falls into the dark abyss. All of these incidents lead to more unfortunate of Tess. These explanations, obviously, are ridiculous, because the logic of life does not equal with the principles of literature work creation. And the authentic of art dose never contradict with the fortuity of incident. If you want to have endless creative inspiration, as long as the chance will do.”The practice proves that, the necessity of life is presented by certain fortuity. The coincidence in the literature works are an expression skill that the writer refine from all kinds of life materials to make them centralized, well-knit and concise. Both coincidence and fortuity in art are the writer’s special method to comb out images, integration the plots. The aim is to make the literature work dramatically.The psychological determinism scholar considers that Tess’tragedy is determined by the psychology quality of the male character in the novel. Contemporary British critic Leon Waldoff made an explanation for it in 1979. He thought that Tess’ fate is controlled by the men’s paradox attitude towards the women in physical and mental.When his ideal Tess sharply contradicts with the one in real life, he could not accept it. And Clare sent Tess back her home and required she could not go to find him unless he allowed. From then on, they separated. For a few years, they never met each other. Clare once explained to his parson father, he did not wish to become a parson as his brothers because the church was too strict to allow people to think freely. The reason why Clare loves Tess is that Tess is a very beautiful, poetic and industrious simple. She was expected to be his good wife. Seen from the surface, the love between them is a spirit of self-sacrifice of Clare with no minding whether Tess was poor or lowly. In fact, it is totally out of the bourgeois utilitarian socialist. The vindication is a self-exposure of the criteria of choosing life and love. The utility is obvious. Then let’s come back to the psychology. When Clare knew the truth, he abandoned Tess and went to Brazil alone. His change in psychology controlled Tess’fate. It is he who made Tess fall into despair finally. At last, in order to fight against the unfair, she killed Alec, became a murder. This kid of theory is according to the Floyd’s psychoanalysis concept. I think, except Tess’own character factor, her tragedy is mainly decided by her economic status and social situation.Tess and her family went from bad to worse. The novel also is description of the completely collapsing of rural peasant system in the late 19th century, and the collapsing of the free economic structure. It is a process that the old system is replaced and engulfed by the powerful capitalist mode of production. It also helps to bring about her unfortunate circumstances. As a result, Tess’ fate is not an individual accidental tragic incidence but a tragic event of society. The author conveys it in the way of metaphor. Meanwhile, Tess’fate also could be defined as a result of the capitalistic he needn’t be responsible for anyone. Instead, living in a patriarchal society, having impure, Tess was abandoned by her love, family and society. She was a so kind, obedience, pure girl. But the society ignored all her virtue, it only stresses her impurity. Both the personal reason and the social one, finally, force Tess become a murder and joints their forces in bringing about her destruction.Works CitedHardy, Thomas. Tess of D’Urbervilles. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1994. Chen Jia. Selected Readings in English Literature. Beijing: The Commercial Press,2000.Liu Bingshan. A House History of English Literature. Zhengzhou: Henan People’s Publishing House,2002.丁芸. 英美文学研究新视野[M]. 浙江: 浙江大学出版社，2005.刘文荣. 19世纪英国小说史[M]. 上海: 中国社会科学出版社，2004.托马斯哈代. 苔丝[M]. 北京: 北京燕山出版社，2005.张中载. 托马斯哈代――思想和创作[M]. 四川: 外语教学与研究出版社，1987.Lu 7。