英语2010级英语词汇学练习题(生)
英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题1及答案
试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（） prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）。
(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。
《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案
华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案 本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondibrackets. （每题一分） ( ) 1. “All national character ” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words ” and “loan words ”. ( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong to Germanic Family excepNorwegian. ( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings. ( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes. ( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts. ( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation. ( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter. ( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages. ( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts. ( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation Radiation”” the derived meanings of words are not directly related to the primarymeaning. ( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word gradually acquires its meanings in process of development. ( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goes through extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat meat”” is an example of narrowing of meaning. ( ) 15. “teacher teacher”” and “student student”” are converses. ( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared with spelling. ( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. ( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language. ( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words. ( ) ) 21. 21. 21. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are phrases phrases phrases and and and short short short sentences sentences sentences the the the meanings meanings meanings of of of which which which are are are not not not easy easy easy to to to infer infer infer from from from the the constituents in most cases. ( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function the most helpful way. ( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words. ( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked. ( ) 25. Variations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified. ( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms. ( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings. ( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing. ( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. ( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme. ( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words. ( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases. ( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns. ( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. ( ) ) 35. 35. 35. Associative Associative Associative meaning meaning meaning consists consists consists of of of connotative connotative connotative meaning, meaning, meaning, stylistic stylistic stylistic meaning, meaning, meaning, affective affective affective meaning meaning meaning and and emotive meaning. ( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning. ( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening. ( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense. ( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to be affected by the action overb. ( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion ” and “gradability gradability””. ( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate. ( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration. ( ) 43. “villain villain”” is an example of degradation. ( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs and even cultural background. ( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context. ( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature. ( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed. ( ) ) 48. 48. 48. The The The four four four major major major foreign foreign foreign contributors contributors contributors to to to the the the development development development of of of English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary are are are Latin, Latin, Latin, Greek, Greek, French and Scandinavian. ( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application. ( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450. ( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prim ary meaning. ( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background. ( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases. ( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated. ( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem. ( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on. ( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem. ( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )71. )71. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are set set set phrases phrases phrases whose whose whose meaning meaning meaning is is is often often often difficult difficult difficult or or or impossible impossible impossible to to to infer infer infer from from from the the the constituent constituent words. ( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation. ( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing —the most important source. ( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years. ( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers the concept of the latter. ( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings. ( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness. ( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language. ( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. ( ) ) 84. 84. 84. Denizens Denizens Denizens are are are words words words which which which were were were borrowed borrowed borrowed from from from other other other languages languages languages but but but later later later became became became assimilated assimilated assimilated into into into the the the English English language. ( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical item in question. ( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loan words. ( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words. ( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning. ( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjective features. ( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning. ( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French. ( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate. ( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated. ( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants. ( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action. ( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin. ( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept. ( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( )101)101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prima . “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primameaning. ( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as serelatedness. ( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )110. Aliens are words of the native element. ( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but later became assimilated into the English language. ( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjectivefeatures. ( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.一、答案1、 T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T 21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 26. T 27. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F 41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F 51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F 71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F 91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T 101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F 111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F 119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. T II. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example : disobey ( prefixation) headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization) expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion ) ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending ) enthuse (backformation (backformation ) ) deadline (compounding ) tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping ) kodak (commonization (commonization ) ) exwife (prefixation ) elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy ) autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping ) airline ( compounding ) changeable changeable (affixation/suffixation) (affixation/suffixation) postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy ) bike (clipping ) smog (blending ) donate (backformation (backformation ) ampere ) ampere (proper words ) antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation) 三、填空答案三、填空答案 1． meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion affixation; compounding; conversion 3. 3. root 4. prefixes; suffixes 5. synonym; relative 6. superordinate; subordinate 7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic 9. Latin; Scandinavian 10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related 13. semantic; related 14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept 17． intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian 19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization 22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换) 24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes The connection between sound and is arbitrary and . The three major means of word-formation are , and . The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called . generally do not change part of speech whereas absolute In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is meaning is . falls into two kinds, namely context and A word is the free form which has a give sound, and are , , Greek, vocabulary are and . 10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called . The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and . 11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, The stylistic features of words form their 12. The stylistic features of words form their 13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically . The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, , degradation and . 14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, 15. 16. 32. 32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and opposite process is called ______. 33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning. IV 选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10.B 11. B 12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV . . Each Each Each of of of the the the statements statements statements below below below is is is followed followed followed by by by four four four alternative alternative alternative answers. answers. answers. Choose Choose Choose the the the one one one that that that would would would best best best complete complete complete the the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题一分）（每题一分）( )1. Non-basic vocabulary includes __________. A. argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologisms C. technical terms D. all the above ( )2. Functional words are ________________. A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions B. adjectives, nouns, articles C. articles, prepositions, conjunctions D. verbs, pronouns, prepositions ( )3. ___________ is not a characteristic of basic word stock. A. Colloquialism B. All national character C. Stability D. Polysemy ( ) 4. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England. A. printing B. Bourgeois Revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. Renaissance Time ( )5. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of __________of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( ) 6. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called ____________. A. compounding B. back-formation C. functional shift D. derivation ( )7. Grammatical meaning does not include ________. A. part of speech B. plural forms of nouns C. tenses D. appropriateness ( )8. English words can be motivated______. A. phonologically B. morphologically C. etymologically D. all the above ( )9. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( )10. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________. A. descriptive and prescriptive B. synchronic and diachronic C . spoken and written D. competence and performance ( )11. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics? A. polysemy B. language family C. ambiguity D. complementaries ( )12. The hyponyms of …vegetable‟ are ________. ________. A. banana, pear, jam B. pear, apple, banana C. cucumber, celery, peas D. tree, pine, elm ( )13. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________. A. allomorphs B. phonemes C. morphs D. lexis ( )14. )14. _________ _________ _________ is is is a a a word-formation word-formation word-formation process process process by by by which which which a a a word word word is is is changed changed changed from from from one one one word-class word-class word-class into into another without the change of form. A. Blending B. Affixation C. Back-formation D. Conversio ( )15. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________. A. 1604 B. 1066 C. 1406 D. 1046 ( )16)16. “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of . “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of ________. A. euphemism B. synecdoche C. metonymy D. metaphor ( )17)17. “child—parent” are . “child—parent” are _______ antonyms. _______ antonyms. A. root B. derivative C. relative D. complementary ( )18. The word “water” is _________ motivated. A. phonetically B. semantically C. morphologically D. non- ( )19)19. “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a . “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a _________. A. sentence idiom B. proverb C. clause idiom D .both A and B ( ) 20. Narrowing excludes ________. A. change from material nouns to common nouns B. change from common nouns to proper nouns C. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economy D. change from specific meanings to general meanings ( ) 21. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms include ________. A. true idioms B. semi-idioms C. regular combinations D. all the above ( ) 22. Motel is a/an is ________. A. blend B. clipped word C. initialism D. acronym ( ) 23. “sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.“sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.A. Homophones B. homographs C. perfect homonyms D. acronyms ( ) 24. “die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.“die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.A. connotative meaning B. emotive meaning C. stylistic meaning D. all the above ( ) 25. He‟s nice, but he hasn‟t much brai n. _________. A. Simile B. metaphor C. Metonymy D. synecdoche ( ) 26. Which of the following is not associative meaning? A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning ( ) 27. One billion is ________ in British English. A. 1,000,000,000 B. 1,000,000,000,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 1,000,000,000,000,000 ( ) 28. The morpheme “-s” in “desks” is ________ morpheme.A. derivational B. free C. inflectional D. root ( ) 29. ________ are contrary terms. A. dead / alive B. parent / child C. single / married D. like / dislike ( ) 30. The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialecof still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________. A. German / Germanic B. Celts / Celtic C. Italian / Italic D. Sweden / Swedish ( ) ) 31. 31. 31. The The The modes modes modes of of of modem modem modem English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary grow grow grow through through through three three three major major major channels: channels: channels: ________ ________ ________ , , semantic change and __________. A. exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowing C. creation/borrowing D. affixation/creation ( ) 32. Conversion is a method of __________. A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speech B. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaning C. deriving words by grammatical means D. changing words in morphological structure ( ) 33. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________. A. prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion ( ) 34. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _________ of them are still in use today. A. 85% B. 56% C. 72% D. 75% narrowing manuscript deer extension poison governor elevation vulgar bonfire degradation journal lust disease alibi narrowing journal girl extension villain marshal elevation barn mill degradation deer knight criticize liquor minister elevation deer governor degradation manuscript criticize VI. Do the following according to instructions.A Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of titalicized words, using such terms as definition, example, explanation, synonym, antonym, superordinate, subordinate, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. （每题1分）分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( ) 2. I like fruit, but not avocado , which is too soft. ( ) 3. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog the street and ate it. ( ) 4. Most dentists ‟ offices are drab places, but Emilio ‟s new office is bright, cheerful. ( ) 5. After a day of hunting, John was ravenous . He ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece ochocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. ( ) 6. A north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou ’wester usually brings rain. （ ）7. Some African tribes still practice polyandry , a marriage system which allows a woman to have more than one husband. ( ) 8. Modern technology is a kind of dehumanization of the human society. ( ) A ．答案．答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. subordinate/hyponym 3. example/exemplification/superordinate 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details 6. antonym/antonymy 7. explanation 8. word structure B Decide whether the words in italics are used in the subjective oro bjective objective sense and put your answers in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）1. The policeman was suspicious of the suspicious proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to do with the robbery. ( ) ( ) 2. The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman in the neighborhood. ( ) 3. The earthquake was so dreadful that many people would be afraid even to see the movie based on it. ( ) 4. Fearful TV programs are not suitable to pre-school children. ( ) 5. It is very considerate of Mr Li to make that arrangement. ( ) 6. The excuse given by the United States of America is really doubtful . ( ) 7. The children were fearful of the fearful picture of the monster. ( ) ( ) 8. What a pitiful girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. ( ) 9. The listeners were doubtful of the witness‟s testimony which sounded verydoubtful.( ) ( ) 10. What a boring man he is! ( ) 11. 11. The The doubtful teacher listened patiently to the doubtful story told by the student who was late for class. ( ) ( ) 12. 12. It is very It is very considerable of you to make such arrangements. ( ) 13. 13. The The little match girl was really pitiful . She died from cold and hunger on the Christmas Eve.( ) 14. Learning a foreign language is a painful process. No one can expect to learn the language well without pains. ( ) B. 答案1. 1. subjective; objective subjective; objective 2. objective 3. objective 4. objective 5. subjective 6. objective 7. 7. subjective; objective subjective; objective 8. objective 9. subjective; objective 10. 10. objective objective 11. subjective, objective 12. subjective 13. objective 14. objective C . Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of the italicized worusing such terms as definition, example, synonym, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets.（每题1分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remember the horrible killing not long ago. ( ) 2. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog in the street andit. ( ) 3. The tribal community still practices polygamy , a custom in which someone can be married to more than one person at thsame time. ( ) 4. As fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir ( ). 5. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’wester , the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.C. 答案答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. example/ exemplification 3. definition/explanation 3. definition/explanation 4. antonym/antonymy 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details VII . Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters incorresponding brackets. （每题1分）A B( ) 1. alliteration a. snake in the grass ( ) 2. rhyme b. toss and turn ( ) 3. reiteration c. powder one ‟s nose ( ) 4. repetition d. earn one ‟s bread ( ) 5. juxtaposition e. wear and tear ( ) 6. metaphor f. up and down ( ) 7. metonymy g. pick and choose ( ) 8. synecdoche h. from cradle to grave ( ) 9. personification i. Failure is the mother of success. ( ) 10. euphemism j. hand in hand VII 连线答案：1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (g) 4. (j) 5. (f) 6. (a) 7. (h) 8. (d) 9. (i) 10. (c)VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）。
英语2010级英语词汇学练习题(生)
Exercises of English Lexicology:A CoursebookI.Multiple Choices.(1’×10=10’)Choose the right answer in each of the following sentences and write on Answer Sheet.There is only one right answer in each question.1.is the study of the whole history of words.A.LexicologyB.EtymologyC.PhonologyD.Morphology2.are words like pronouns,prepositions,demonstrative,determiners,conjunctions, auxiliary verbs,and son on.A.Grammatical wordsB.Derivational wordsmon wordsD.Structural words3.Which is a bound morpheme in following choices?A.childB.potC.domD.bug4.Which is a free morpheme in following choices?A.ceiveB.mitC.emD.cat5.refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A.Conceptual meaningB.Social meaningC.Connotative meaningD.Reflected meaning6.refers to the situation in which a word has two or more different meanings.A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.InflectionD.Derivation7.The three words right,rite and write are spelt differently but pronounced the same.We call they are.A.polysemyB.homographC.homophoneD.polygraph8.English belongs to in its development.A.ItalicB.GermanicC.EuropeD.North India9.English language began from.A.43ADB.410ADC.450ADD.10th century10.in English are all suffixes that occur at the very end of a word.A.InflectionsB.DerivationspoundsD.Clippings11.A(n)does not have a head,and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.A.endocentric compoundB.exocentric compoundC.copulative compoundD.appositional compound12.refers to the process of combining parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each part.A.ConversionB.ShorteningC.Blendingpounding13.Which one is not right in following clippings?A.deli from deliciousnessB.flu from influenzaC.plan from aeroplaneD.cause from because14.refers to the notion of inclusion whereby we can say that‘an X is a kind of Y’.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.SynonymD.Antonymy15.refers to the relationship of oppositeness of meaning between words.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.SynonymD.Antonymy16.can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.MetaphorD.Analory17.express in few words a truth which relates to everyday experience.A.ProverbsB.IdiomsC.CollocationsD.Phrases18.A dialect that is associated with a particular social group can be termed a.A.jargonB.tabooC.slangD.sociolect19.is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade,profession,or other group.A.JargonB.TabooC.SlangD.Sociolect20.Which type does not belong to meaning shifts?A.broadeningB.narrowingC.ameliorationD.projectionII.Filling the Blanks.(1’×10=10’)Fill the following blanks according to the knowledge of lexicology.Write the answers on Answer Sheet. 1.In traditional grammar,eight parts of speech are distinguished in English:noun,pronoun,adjective,verb, adverb,preposition,conjunction,and interjection.2.Words can also be classified into lexical words and grammatical words.3.Morphemes can be classified into bound morphemes and free morphemes.4.Morphemes may also be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.5.Leech(1981)distinguishes seven types of meaning in language:conceptual meaning,connotative meaning, social meaning,affective meaning,reflected meaning,collocative meaning,and thematic meaning.6.Three types of affixes are prefix,suffix and infix.7.Other types of affixes are inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.8.The four historical periods of English are Old English period,Middle English period,Early Modern English period,Modern English period.9.The differences between American English and British English are in vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation.10.According to constituent elements,compounds can be divided into four major types.They are noun compounds,verb compounds,adjective compounds and pronoun compounds.11.There are four major kinds of conversion:from noun to verb,from verb to noun,from adjective to noun and from adjective to verb.12.According to Jackson and Amvela(2000),synonymy is of two types:strict synonymy and loose synonymy.13.According to Jackson and Amvela(2000),idioms have two major features:ambiguity,and syntactic peculiarities.14.Jackson and Amvela(2000)classify multiword verbs into phrasal verbs,prepositional verbs,and phrasal-prepositional verbs.15.Since most words have more than one meaning,the definitions are usually grouped together in some order. There are three kinds of order:historical order;frequency-determined order and logical order.16.Based on media,dictionaries can be classified into electronic dictionaries and print dictionaries.17.Learner’s dictionaries are designed to serve the needs of learners whose native language is not English but who are at the intermediate or the advanced stage of language learning.18.Children’s dictionaries are intended for children who are native speakers.19.The Oxford English Dictionary is the greatest of all unabridged English dictionaries.20.Metaphor is often considered as a variation in the expression of meanings.III.True or False Questions.(1’×10=10’)Judge the following statements and mark T for right one and F or wrong one.Write the answers on Answer Sheet.()1.Semantics is defined as the study of meaning.()2.Word is used traditionally to refer to a sequence of letters bounded by time.()3.Generally speaking,lexical words are nouns,verbs,adjectives,and adverbs.()4.The relationship of reference holds between an expression and what that expression stands for on particular occasions of its utterance.()5.Social meaning refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the naturalcircumstances of its use.()6.Affective meaning can be used to cover the attitudinal and emotional factors expressed in a word. ()7.A base consisting of a single morpheme is labeled as root.()tin is not only the first major contributor of loanwords to English,but also one of the most important sources for the coinage of new English words.()9.Inflection refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words.()10.Affixation is the process whereby an affix is attached to a base.()11.Class-changing derivational affixes change the part of speech of the word to which they are added.()12.Class-maintaining derivational affixes change the meaning of the derivative.()pounds are stems consisting of more than one root.()14.An endocentric compound consists of a head and its modifier.()15.An exocentric compound does not have a head,and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.()16.Blending often results in the creation of new morphemes or in the addition of old meanings to new ones.()17.When two words are pronounced like individual words,they are acronyms.()18.Once a metaphor becomes accepted,speakers tend to view the metaphorical meaning as separate from its peripheral meaning.()19.Analogy can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.()20.In English,multiword verbs are units in which the main verb occurs with one or two particles. ()21.Proverbs are short well-known statements that give practical advice about life.()22.Word choice is one of the most obvious linguistic features among registers.()23.Breaking a taboo may not result in embarrassment,shame,rudeness and even legal penalties. ()24.The most prominent characteristic of a jargon is its specialized vocabulary.()25.Metaphor is a type of figurative usage.()26.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.()27.Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates the attitude of the user. ()28.Slang is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade,profession,or other group.()29.Jargon is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker’s dialect or language.()30.Ameliorations refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words.IV.Matching.(1’×20=20’)Match the following words,idioms or proverbs with the Chinese and write the answers on Answer Sheet.A.Borrowings Matching.(1’×10=10’)(1)nosher n.吃快餐的人；吃小吃的人(2)digress vi.离题，(谈话或写作中)暂时离开主题(3)imitate vt.模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制(4)peninsula n.半岛(5)vexillology n.旗帜学(6)allegory n.寓言(7)dilemma n.困境；进退两难(8)democracy n.民主，民主主义；民主政治(9)anthology n.（诗、文、曲、画等的）选集(10)zoology n.动物学；动物区系(11)boulevard n.林荫大道(12)amethyst n.紫水晶(13)ruby n.红宝石(14)duke n.公爵(15)solo n.独奏；独唱；独奏曲(16)kimono n.和服(17)chow mein n.（中国的）炒面(18)dim sum n.（中国的）点心(19)bazaar n.集市；市场；义卖市场(20)hallelujah n.赞美上帝的颂歌B.Idioms or Proverbs Matching.(1’×10=10’)(1)to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth出生在富贵人家(2)A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。
20107月全国高等教育自考词汇学试题
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always ______.( )A. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically______ and have limited______ .( )A. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and______.( )A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly______ language just like modern German.( )A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the______ invaded England in 1066.( )A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable______ and______ of its vocabulary.( )A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicity1 浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题C. naturalness, simplicityD. naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into ______ morphemes and ______morphemes.( )A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, bound8. A______ is the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.( )A. rootB. stemC. lexemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either ______or______ .( )A. Latin, FrenchB. Greek, ScandinavianC. Latin, GreekD. French, Greek10. The chief function of suffixation is to______ .( )A. change the word-classB. change the meaning of the stemC. change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11. Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or ______affixes to stems.( )A. derivationalB. inflectionalC. boundD. locative12. Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of______.( )A. prefixationB. compoundingC. clippingD. suffixation13. Associative meaning comprises several types except______.( )A. connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC. affective meaningD. lexical meaning14. “Much” and “many” have the same______.( )A. conceptB. motivationC. collocationD. sense2 浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题15. ______ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. AssociativeD. Grammatical16.______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. PolysemyB. HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas:______ .( )A. elevation, connotation, applicationB. connotation, elevation, degradationC. connotation, denotation, applicationD. amelioration, deterioration, denotation18. A______ term is general and a/an______ term is specific.( )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19.______ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20. If a word which used to have a more______ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specificB. pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21. Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______names due to ______ reasons.( )A. appealing, economicB. vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non-affecting, psychological22. Ambiguity is caused mainly by______ context.( )3 浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23. ______ and______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymyB. Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24. Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the ______ context, and in many cases by the whole______ as well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25. Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four26. Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes______.( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulationD. figures of speech27. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the ______relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28.Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of______.( )A. pronunciationB. fieldsC. spellingD. usage29.______is a monolingual dictionary.( )A. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese TranslationB. New English-Chinese DictionaryC. Chinese-English Dictionary4 浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题D. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30. Both LDCE and CCELD are ______.( )A. monolingual dictionariesB. general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIII. Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41. Stylistics is concerned with the user’s ______ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.42. Of all the borrowed words in English, about ______are from French.43. Free morphemes and free ______are identical.44. It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with it the different range of ______that it originally carried.45. Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to______ meaning.IV. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)5 浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题Example: disobey (affixation)46. honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. dorm ( ) 49. AIDS ( )50. edit ( )V. Answer the following questions.(10%)51. How are words classified?52. According to the functions of affixes, how many groups can you put them into? What are their characteristics?53. What is the difference between partial conversion and full conversion?54. What are the characteristics of connotative meaning?55. What are causes of ambiguity?VI. Analyze and comment on the following sentences. (10%)56.It is not a home. It is a house.Comment on the two sentences above, and analyze the grammatical meaning, conceptual meaning and connotative meaning of home and of house.6 浙江省2010年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题。
2010词汇学试题
西安外国语大学考试试题（A）编号:25021022010-2011学年第 1 学期院（系、部）：英语教育学院专业：英语课程：英语词汇学班级：08级、10级专升本命题时间：2010.12 命题教师：穆小莉以上栏目由命题教师填写，下栏由考生填写学号：姓名：系（院）：专业：班级：Ⅰ. Define the following terms. (20%)1. Free Morpheme Free Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.2. Polysemy Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undertone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.3. Semantic Motivation Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning ofa word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.4. Associative meaning meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate. It is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion,geographical region, class background, education, etc.5. Degradation Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.Ⅱ. Answer the following questions. (50%)1.How have the following words become degraded in meaning?Villain person who worked in a villa evil or wicked person or scoundrel, wench country girl prostitute, boor peasant rude，ill-mannered person, churl peasant / free man uncultivated or mean person, silly happy foolish2.What is meant by transference of meaning? Explain the meanings of the italicized wordsin the following sentences.1)To Kate, calculating精明的and cold, the most important thing was power.2)They treated the captives with calculated carefully thought out in advance cruelty.3)The music is inspiring. stimulating or exalting to the spirit4) He gave an inspired of such surpassing excellence as to suggest divine inspiration performance ofthe piano.3. What is meant by conversion? Pick out examples of conversion in the sentences below toillustrate your explanation.1) So she believed me and doctored my battered face, pleased that she could be useful.2) The train is telescoped as a result of the collision.3) We cannot mandate a solution to inflation.4) There will be a repeat of this programm next week.4. What are the causes of meaning change? Illustrate your point.5. Why can a word have more than one antonym? Give examples.III. Analyze and comment on the following. (30%)s1. Comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates andsubordinates.1) He got a piece of furniture recently.2) He bought a cupboad three days ago.3) It is said that a magnificent building was destroyed yesterday.4) The news says that the Royal Hotel was burnt down last night.2. Arrange the following words in four groups-- go forward, go backward, go in, go out: Advance, invade, emerge, recede, retreat, penetrate, progress, issue, discharge, retire, intrude, proceed.。
英语词汇学练习题
英语词汇学练习题英语词汇学练习题（一）Exercise A1. Write out in full the following shortened words:EEC, OPEC, NASA, PRC, TEFL, TB, AIDS, memo, fridgeEEC：European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体。
OPEC：Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织。
NASA：National Aeronautics and Space Administration 〔美国〕国家航空和宇宙航行局。
PRC：Postal Rate Commission (美国)邮资委员会The People's Republic of China TEFL：teaching English as a foreign language 英语外语教学TB：tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌。
AIDS：Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeMemo：memorandumFridge：refrigeratorExercise B1. Which following diagram better illustrates the relationship of each of the following word groups?(A) (B) (C)(D) (E)(1) Bachelors,单身汉学士men, tennis players(2) sparrows,麻雀birds, cats(3) Russians, scientists, people(4) red-haired, females, lawyers(5) octopi,章鱼porpoises海豚, things that live in the sea(6) artists, painters, baseball fansExercise C1. Match nouns in the left-hand column with verbs in the right-hand column:(1) injury a. administer(2) suspicion 怀疑，涉嫌 b. effect(3) siege 围攻说服，劝诱 c. hatch1.孵化，孵。
(完整word版)英语词汇学试题汇编
英语词汇学试题汇编Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field3. A word is a symbol that________.A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because theyA. are complex words.B. are technical wordC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____.7．Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but havelimited_____________概念：jargonChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. Late Modem English2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was in the past.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion4. Early Modern English refers to the language spokenA. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 18005. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,0006. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of___in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin概念：Germanic，Old English简答：Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?Chapter 3 Word Formation I1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. Affixes D, Compounds4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.概念：morphs，allomorph，morpheme简答：1。
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Exercises of English Lexicology: A CoursebookI. Multiple Choices.(1’×10=10’)Choose the right answer in each of the following sentences and write on Answer Sheet. There is only one right answer in each question.1. is the study of the whole history of words.A. LexicologyB. EtymologyC. PhonologyD. Morphology2. are words like pronouns, prepositions, demonstrative, determiners, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, and son on.A. Grammatical wordsB. Derivational wordsC. Common wordsD. Structural words3. Which is a bound morpheme in following choices?A. childB. potC. domD. bug4. Which is a free morpheme in following choices?A. ceiveB. mitC. emD. cat5. refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Conceptual meaningB. Social meaningC. Connotative meaningD. Reflected meaning6. refers to the situation in which a word has two or more different meanings.A. PolysemyB. HomonymyC. InflectionD. Derivation7. The three words right, rite and write are spelt differently but pronounced the same. We call they are .A. polysemyB. homographC. homophoneD. polygraph8. English belongs to in its development.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. EuropeD. North India9. English language began from .A. 43 ADB. 410 ADC. 450 ADD. 10th century10. in English are all suffixes that occur at the very end of a word.A. InflectionsB. DerivationsC. CompoundsD. Clippings11. A(n) does not have a head, and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.A. endocentric compoundB. exocentric compoundC. copulative compoundD. appositional compound12. refers to the process of combining parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each part.A. ConversionB. ShorteningC. BlendingD. Compounding13. Which one is not right in following clippings?A. deli from deliciousnessB. flu from influenzaC. plan from aeroplaneD. cause from because14. refers to the notion of inclusion whereby we can say that ‘an X is a kind of Y’.A. MeronymyB. HyponymyC. SynonymD. Antonymy15. refers to the relationship of oppositeness of meaning between words.A. MeronymyB. HyponymyC. SynonymD. Antonymy16. can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.A. MeronymyB. HyponymyC. MetaphorD. Analory17. express in few words a truth which relates to everyday experience .A. ProverbsB. IdiomsC. CollocationsD. Phrases18. A dialect that is associated with a particular social group can be termed a .A. jargonB. tabooC. slangD. sociolect19. is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade, profession, or other group.A. JargonB. TabooC. SlangD. Sociolect20. Which type does not belong to meaning shifts?A. broadeningB. narrowingC. ameliorationD. projectionII. Filling the Blanks. (1’×10=10’)Fill the following blanks according to the knowledge of lexicology. Write the answers on Answer Sheet.1. In traditional grammar, eight parts of speech are distinguished in English: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.2. Words can also be classified into lexical words and grammatical words.3. Morphemes can be classified into bound morphemes and free morphemes.4. Morphemes may also be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.5. Leech (1981) distinguishes seven types of meaning in language: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, and thematic meaning.6. Three types of affixes are prefix, suffix and infix.7. Other types of affixes are inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.8. The four historical periods of English are Old English period, Middle English period, Early Modern English period, Modern English period.9. The differences between American English and British English are in vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation.10. According to constituent elements, compounds can be divided into four major types. They are noun compounds, verb compounds, adjective compounds and pronoun compounds.11. There are four major kinds of conversion: from noun to verb, from verb to noun, from adjective to noun and from adjective to verb.12. According to Jackson and Amvela (2000), synonymy is of two types: strict synonymy and loose synonymy.13. According to Jackson and Amvela (2000), idioms have two major features: ambiguity, and syntactic peculiarities.14. Jackson and Amvela (2000) classify multiword verbs into phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, and phrasal-prepositional verbs.15. Since most words have more than one meaning, the definitions are usually grouped together in some order. There are three kinds of order: historical order; frequency-determined order and logical order.16. Based on media, dictionaries can be classified into electronic dictionaries and print dictionaries.17. Learner’s dictionaries are designed to serve the needs of learners whose native language is not English but who are at the intermediate or the advanced stage of language learning.18. Children’s dictionaries are intended for children who are native speakers.19. The Oxford English Dictionary is the greatest of all unabridged English dictionaries.20. Metaphor is often considered as a variation in the expression of meanings.III. True or False Questions. (1’×10=10’)Judge the following statements and mark T for right one and F or wrong one. Write the answers on Answer Sheet.( ) 1. Semantics is defined as the study of meaning.( ) 2. Word is used traditionally to refer to a sequence of letters bounded by time.( ) 3. Generally speaking, lexical words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.( ) 4. The relationship of reference holds between an expression and what that expression stands for on particular occasions of its utterance.( ) 5. Social meaning refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the naturalcircumstances of its use.( ) 6. Affective meaning can be used to cover the attitudinal and emotional factors expressed in a word. ( ) 7. A base consisting of a single morpheme is labeled as root.( ) 8. Latin is not only the first major contributor of loanwords to English, but also one of the most important sources for the coinage of new English words.( ) 9. Inflection refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words.( ) 10. Affixation is the process whereby an affix is attached to a base.( ) 11. Class-changing derivational affixes change the part of speech of the word to which they are added.( ) 12. Class-maintaining derivational affixes change the meaning of the derivative.( ) 13. Compounds are stems consisting of more than one root.( ) 14. An endocentric compound consists of a head and its modifier.( ) 15. An exocentric compound does not have a head, and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.( ) 16. Blending often results in the creation of new morphemes or in the addition of old meanings to new ones.( ) 17. When two words are pronounced like individual words, they are acronyms.( ) 18. Once a metaphor becomes accepted, speakers tend to view the metaphorical meaning as separate from its peripheral meaning.( ) 19. Analogy can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.( ) 20. In English, multiword verbs are units in which the main verb occurs with one or two particles. ( ) 21. Proverbs are short well-known statements that give practical advice about life.( ) 22. Word choice is one of the most obvious linguistic features among registers.( ) 23. Breaking a taboo may not result in embarrassment, shame, rudeness and even legal penalties. ( ) 24. The most prominent characteristic of a jargon is its specialized vocabulary.( ) 25. Metaphor is a type of figurative usage.( ) 26. Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.( ) 27. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user. ( ) 28. Slang is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade, profession, or other group.( ) 29. Jargon is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker’s dialect or language.( ) 30. Ameliorations refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words.IV. Matching. (1’×20=20’)Match the following words, idioms or proverbs with the Chinese and write the answers on Answer Sheet.A. Borrowings Matching. (1’×10=10’)(1) nosher n.吃快餐的人；吃小吃的人(2) digress vi.离题，(谈话或写作中)暂时离开主题(3) imitate vt.模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制(4) peninsula n.半岛(5) vexillology n.旗帜学(6) allegory n.寓言(7) dilemma n.困境；进退两难(8) democracy n.民主，民主主义；民主政治(9) anthology n.（诗、文、曲、画等的）选集(10) zoology n.动物学；动物区系(11) boulevard n.林荫大道(12) amethyst n.紫水晶(13) ruby n.红宝石(14) duke n.公爵(15) solo n.独奏；独唱；独奏曲(16) kimono n.和服(17) chow mein n.（中国的）炒面(18) dim sum n.（中国的）点心(19) bazaar n.集市；市场；义卖市场(20) hallelujah n.赞美上帝的颂歌B. Idioms or Proverbs Matching. (1’×10=10’)(1) to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth 出生在富贵人家(2) A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。