2016宿迁中考卷
2016年江苏省宿迁市中考数学试卷

2016年江苏省宿迁市中考数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,有且仅有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置上)1.(3分)(2016•宿迁)﹣2的绝对值是()A.﹣2B.﹣C.D.22.(3分)(2016•宿迁)下列四个几何体中,左视图为圆的几何体是()A.B.C.D.3.(3分)(2016•宿迁)地球与月球的平均距离为384 000km,将384 000这个数用科学记数法表示为()A.3.84×103B.3.84×104C.3.84×105D.3.84×1064.(3分)(2016•宿迁)下列计算正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.a2•a3=a6C.(a2)3=a5D.a5÷a2=a35.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,已知直线a、b被直线c所截.若a∥b,∠1=120°,则∠2的度数为()A.50°B.60°C.120°D.130°6.(3分)(2016•宿迁)一组数据5,4,2,5,6的中位数是()A.5B.4C.2D.67.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,把正方形纸片ABCD沿对边中点所在的直线对折后展开,折痕为MN,再过点B折叠纸片,使点A落在MN上的点F处,折痕为BE.若AB的长为2,则FM的长为()A.2B.C.D.18.(3分)(2016•宿迁)若二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象经过点(﹣1,0),则方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0的解为()A.x1=﹣3,x2=﹣1B.x1=1,x2=3C.x1=﹣1,x2=3D.x1=﹣3,x2=1二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上)9.(3分)(2016•临夏州)因式分解:2a2﹣8=.10.(3分)(2016•宿迁)计算:=.11.(3分)(2016•宿迁)若两个相似三角形的面积比为1:4,则这两个相似三角形的周长比是.12.(3分)(2016•宿迁)若一元二次方程x2﹣2x+k=0有两个不相等的实数根,则k的取值范围是.发芽的频率那么这种油菜籽发芽的概率是(结果精确到14.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在△ABC中,已知∠ACB=130°,∠BAC=20°,BC=2,以点C为圆心,CB为半径的圆交AB于点D,则BD的长为.15.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,一条直线与反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象交于两点A、B,与x轴交于点C,且点B是AC的中点,分别过两点A、B作x轴的平行线,与反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象交于两点D、E,连接DE,则四边形ABED 的面积为.16.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AD=4,点P是直线AD上一动点,若满足△PBC是等腰三角形的点P有且只有3个,则AB的长为.三、解答题(本大题共10题,共72分,请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(6分)(2016•宿迁)计算:2sin30°+3﹣1+(﹣1)0﹣.18.(6分)(2016•宿迁)解不等式组:.19.(6分)(2016•宿迁)某校对七、八、九年级的学生进行体育水平测试,成绩评定为优秀、良好、合格、不合格四个等第.为了解这次测试情况,学校从三个年级随机抽取200(1)在统计表中,a的值为,b的值为;(2)在扇形统计图中,八年级所对应的扇形圆心角为度;(3)若该校三个年级共有2000名学生参加考试,试估计该校学生体育成绩不合格的人数.20.(6分)(2016•宿迁)在一只不透明的袋子中装有2个白球和2个黑球,这些球除颜色外都相同.(1)若先从袋子中拿走m个白球,这时从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”,则m的值为;(2)若将袋子中的球搅匀后随机摸出1个球(不放回),再从袋中余下的3个球中随机摸出1个球,求两次摸到的球颜色相同的概率.21.(6分)(2016•宿迁)如图,已知BD是△ABC的角平分线,点E、F分别在边AB、BC 上,ED∥BC,EF∥AC.求证:BE=CF.22.(6分)(2016•宿迁)如图,大海中某灯塔P周围10海里范围内有暗礁,一艘海轮在点A处观察灯塔P在北偏东60°方向,该海轮向正东方向航行8海里到达点B处,这时观察灯塔P恰好在北偏东45°方向.如果海轮继续向正东方向航行,会有触礁的危险吗?试说明理由.(参考数据:≈1.73)23.(8分)(2016•宿迁)如图1,在△ABC中,点D在边BC上,∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,⊙O是△ABD的外接圆.(1)求证:AC是⊙O的切线;(2)当BD是⊙O的直径时(如图2),求∠CAD的度数.24.(8分)(2016•宿迁)某景点试开放期间,团队收费方案如下:不超过30人时,人均收费120元;超过30人且不超过m(30<m≤100)人时,每增加1人,人均收费降低1元;超过m人时,人均收费都按照m人时的标准.设景点接待有x名游客的某团队,收取总费用为y元.(1)求y关于x的函数表达式;(2)景点工作人员发现:当接待某团队人数超过一定数量时,会出现随着人数的增加收取的总费用反而减少这一现象.为了让收取的总费用随着团队中人数的增加而增加,求m的取值范围.25.(10分)(2016•宿迁)已知△ABC是等腰直角三角形,AC=BC=2,D是边AB上一动点(A、B两点除外),将△CAD绕点C按逆时针方向旋转角α得到△CEF,其中点E是点A的对应点,点F是点D的对应点.(1)如图1,当α=90°时,G是边AB上一点,且BG=AD,连接GF.求证:GF∥AC;(2)如图2,当90°≤α≤180°时,AE与DF相交于点M.①当点M与点C、D不重合时,连接CM,求∠CMD的度数;②设D为边AB的中点,当α从90°变化到180°时,求点M运动的路径长.26.(10分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,将二次函数y=x2﹣1的图象M 沿x轴翻折,把所得到的图象向右平移2个单位长度后再向上平移8个单位长度,得到二次函数图象N.(1)求N的函数表达式;(2)设点P(m,n)是以点C(1,4)为圆心、1为半径的圆上一动点,二次函数的图象M与x轴相交于两点A、B,求PA2+PB2的最大值;(3)若一个点的横坐标与纵坐标均为整数,则该点称为整点.求M与N所围成封闭图形内(包括边界)整点的个数.2016年江苏省宿迁市中考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,有且仅有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置上)1.(3分)(2016•宿迁)﹣2的绝对值是()A.﹣2B.﹣C.D.2【分析】计算绝对值要根据绝对值的定义求解.第一步列出绝对值的表达式;第二步根据绝对值定义去掉这个绝对值的符号.【解答】解:∵﹣2<0,∴|﹣2|=﹣(﹣2)=2.故选D.【点评】本题考查了绝对值的意义,任何一个数的绝对值一定是非负数,所以﹣2的绝对值是2.部分学生易混淆相反数、绝对值、倒数的意义,而错误的认为﹣2的绝对值是,而选择B.2.(3分)(2016•宿迁)下列四个几何体中,左视图为圆的几何体是()A.B.C.D.【分析】根据左视图是从左边看所得到的图形逐一判断可得.【解答】解:A、球的左视图是圆,故选项正确;B、正方体的左视图是正方形,故选项错误;C、圆锥的左视图是等腰三角形,故选项错误;D、圆柱的左视图是长方形,故选项错误;故选:A.【点评】此题主要考查了左视图,关键是掌握左视图所看的位置.3.(3分)(2016•宿迁)地球与月球的平均距离为384 000km,将384 000这个数用科学记数法表示为()A.3.84×103B.3.84×104C.3.84×105D.3.84×106【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值是易错点,由于384 000有6位,所以可以确定n=6﹣1=5.【解答】解:384 000=3.84×105.故选:C.【点评】此题考查科学记数法表示较大的数的方法,准确确定a与n值是关键.4.(3分)(2016•宿迁)下列计算正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.a2•a3=a6C.(a2)3=a5D.a5÷a2=a3【分析】根据合并同类项,可判断A,根据同底数幂的乘法底数不变指数相加,可判断B,根据幂的乘方底数不变指数相乘,可判断C,根据同底数幂的除法底数不变指数相减,可判断D.【解答】解:A、不是同类项不能合并,故A错误;B、同底数幂的乘法底数不变指数相加,故B错误;C、幂的乘方底数不变指数相乘,故C错误;D、同底数幂的除法底数不变指数相减,故D正确;故选:D.【点评】本题考查了同底数幂的除法,熟记法则并根据法则计算是解题关键.5.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,已知直线a、b被直线c所截.若a∥b,∠1=120°,则∠2的度数为()A.50°B.60°C.120°D.130°【分析】根据邻补角的定义求出∠3,再根据两直线平行,同位角相等解答.【解答】解:如图,∠3=180°﹣∠1=180°﹣120°=60°,∵a∥b,∴∠2=∠3=60°.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了平行线的性质,邻补角的定义,是基础题,熟记性质是解题的关键.6.(3分)(2016•宿迁)一组数据5,4,2,5,6的中位数是()A.5B.4C.2D.6【分析】先将题目中数据按照从小到大排列,从而可以得到这组数据的中位数,本题得以解决.【解答】解:将题目中数据按照从小到大排列是:2,4,5,5,6,故这组数据的中位数是5,故选A.【点评】本题考查中位数,解题的关键是明确中位数的定义,注意找中位数前要先把题目中的数据按照从小到大或从大到小的顺序排列.7.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,把正方形纸片ABCD沿对边中点所在的直线对折后展开,折痕为MN,再过点B折叠纸片,使点A落在MN上的点F处,折痕为BE.若AB的长为2,则FM的长为()A.2B.C.D.1【分析】根据翻折不变性,AB=FB=2,BM=1,在Rt△BFM中,可利用勾股定理求出FM 的值.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD为正方形,AB=2,过点B折叠纸片,使点A落在MN上的点F处,∴FB=AB=2,BM=1,则在Rt△BMF中,FM=,故选:B.【点评】此题考查了翻折变换的性质,适时利用勾股定理是解答此类问题的关键.8.(3分)(2016•宿迁)若二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象经过点(﹣1,0),则方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0的解为()A.x1=﹣3,x2=﹣1B.x1=1,x2=3C.x1=﹣1,x2=3D.x1=﹣3,x2=1【分析】直接利用抛物线与x轴交点求法以及结合二次函数对称性得出答案.【解答】解:∵二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象经过点(﹣1,0),∴方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0一定有一个解为:x=﹣1,∵抛物线的对称轴为:直线x=1,∴二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象与x轴的另一个交点为:(3,0),∴方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0的解为:x1=﹣1,x2=3.故选:C.【点评】此题主要考查了抛物线与x轴的交点,正确应用二次函数对称性是解题关键.二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上)9.(3分)(2016•临夏州)因式分解:2a2﹣8=2(a+2)(a﹣2).【分析】首先提取公因式2,进而利用平方差公式分解因式即可.【解答】解:2a2﹣8=2(a2﹣4)=2(a+2)(a﹣2).故答案为:2(a+2)(a﹣2).【点评】此题主要考查了提取公因式法以及公式法分解因式,熟练应用乘法公式是解题关键.10.(3分)(2016•宿迁)计算:=x.【分析】进行同分母分式加减运算,最后要注意将结果化为最简分式.【解答】解:===x.故答案为x.【点评】本题考查了分式的加减运算,题目比较容易.11.(3分)(2016•宿迁)若两个相似三角形的面积比为1:4,则这两个相似三角形的周长比是1:2.【分析】根据相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方求出相似比,根据似三角形周长的比等于相似比得到答案.【解答】解:∵两个相似三角形的面积比为1:4,∴这两个相似三角形的相似比为1:2,∴这两个相似三角形的周长比是1:2,故答案为:1:2.【点评】本题考查的是相似三角形的性质,掌握相似三角形周长的比等于相似比、相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方是解题的关键.12.(3分)(2016•宿迁)若一元二次方程x2﹣2x+k=0有两个不相等的实数根,则k的取值范围是k<1.【分析】直接利用根的判别式得出△=b2﹣4ac=4﹣4k>0进而求出答案.【解答】解:∵一元二次方程x2﹣2x+k=0有两个不相等的实数根,∴△=b2﹣4ac=4﹣4k>0,解得:k<1,则k的取值范围是:k<1.故答案为:k<1.【点评】此题主要考查了根的判别式,正确得出△符号是解题关键.发芽的频率那么这种油菜籽发芽的概率是0.95(结果精确到【分析】观察表格得到这种油菜籽发芽的频率稳定在0.95附近,即可估计出这种油菜发芽的概率.【解答】解:观察表格得到这种油菜籽发芽的频率稳定在0.95附近,则这种油菜籽发芽的概率是0.95,故答案为:0.95.【点评】此题考查了利用频率估计概率,从表格中的数据确定出这种油菜籽发芽的频率是解本题的关键.14.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在△ABC中,已知∠ACB=130°,∠BAC=20°,BC=2,以点C为圆心,CB为半径的圆交AB于点D,则BD的长为2\sqrt{3}.【分析】如图,作CE⊥AB于E,在RT△BCE中利用30度性质即可求出BE,再根据垂径定理可以求出BD.【解答】解:如图,作CE⊥AB于E.∵∠B=180°﹣∠A﹣∠ACB=180°﹣20°﹣130°=30°,在RT△BCE中,∵∠CEB=90°,∠B=30°,BC=2,∴CE=BC=1,BE=CE=,∵CE⊥BD,∴DE=EB,∴BD=2EB=2.故答案为2.【点评】本题考查垂径定理、三角形内角和定理等知识,解题的关键是根据垂径定理添加辅助线,记住直角三角形30度角性质,属于基础题,中考常考题型.15.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,一条直线与反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象交于两点A、B,与x轴交于点C,且点B是AC的中点,分别过两点A、B作x轴的平行线,与反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象交于两点D、E,连接DE,则四边形ABED 的面积为\frac{9}{2}.【分析】根据点A、B在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,可设出点B坐标为(,m),再根据B为线段AC的中点可用m表示出来A点的坐标,由AD∥x轴、BE∥x轴,即可用m表示出来点D、E的坐标,结合梯形的面积公式即可得出结论.【解答】解:∵点A、B在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,设点B的坐标为(,m),∵点B为线段AC的中点,且点C在x轴上,∴点A的坐标为(,2m).∵AD∥x轴、BE∥x轴,且点D、E在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,∴点D的坐标为(,2m),点E的坐标为(,m).∴S梯形ABED=(+)×(2m﹣m)=.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题、反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征以及梯形的面积,解题的关键是用m表示出来A、B、E、D四点的坐标.本题属于基础题,难度不大,解决该题型题目时,只要设出一个点的坐标,再由该点坐标所含的字母表示出其他点的坐标即可.16.(3分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AD=4,点P是直线AD上一动点,若满足△PBC是等腰三角形的点P有且只有3个,则AB的长为4.【分析】如图,当AB=AD时,满足△PBC是等腰三角形的点P有且只有3个.【解答】解:如图,当AB=AD时,满足△PBC是等腰三角形的点P有且只有3个,△P1BC,△P2BC是等腰直角三角形,△P3BC是等腰直角三角形(P3B=P3C),则AB=AD=4,故答案为4.【点评】本题考查矩形的性质,等腰三角形的性质等知识,解题的关键是理解题意,属于中考常考题型.三、解答题(本大题共10题,共72分,请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(6分)(2016•宿迁)计算:2sin30°+3﹣1+(﹣1)0﹣.【分析】直接利用特殊角的三角函数值结合零指数幂的性质以及负整数指数幂的性质分别化简进而求出答案.【解答】解:2sin30°+3﹣1+(﹣1)0﹣=2×++1﹣2=.【点评】此题主要考查了实数运算,正确利用相关性质化简各数是解题关键.18.(6分)(2016•宿迁)解不等式组:.【分析】根据解不等式组的方法可以求得不等式组的解集,从而可以解答本题.【解答】解:由①得,x>1,由②得,x<2,由①②可得,原不等式组的解集是:1<x<2.【点评】本题考查解一元一次不等式组,解题的关键是明确解一元一次不等式组的方法.19.(6分)(2016•宿迁)某校对七、八、九年级的学生进行体育水平测试,成绩评定为优秀、良好、合格、不合格四个等第.为了解这次测试情况,学校从三个年级随机抽取200(1)在统计表中,a的值为28,b的值为15;(2)在扇形统计图中,八年级所对应的扇形圆心角为108度;(3)若该校三个年级共有2000名学生参加考试,试估计该校学生体育成绩不合格的人数.【分析】(1)根据学校从三个年级随机抽取200名学生的体育成绩进行统计分析和扇形统计图可以求得七年级抽取的学生数,从而可以求得a的值,也可以求得九年级抽取的学生数,进而得到b的值;(2)根据扇形统计图可以求得八年级所对应的扇形圆心角的度数;(3)根据表格中的数据可以估计该校学生体育成绩不合格的人数.【解答】解:(1)由题意和扇形统计图可得,a=200×40%﹣20﹣24﹣8=80﹣20﹣24﹣8=28,b=200×30%﹣24﹣14﹣7=60﹣24﹣14﹣7=15,故答案为:28,15;(2)由扇形统计图可得,八年级所对应的扇形圆心角为:360°×(1﹣40%﹣30%)=360°×30%=108°,故答案为:108;(3)由题意可得,2000×=200人,即该校三个年级共有2000名学生参加考试,该校学生体育成绩不合格的有200人.【点评】本题考查扇形统计图、用样本估计总体,解题的关键是明确题意,找出所求问题需要的条件.20.(6分)(2016•宿迁)在一只不透明的袋子中装有2个白球和2个黑球,这些球除颜色外都相同.(1)若先从袋子中拿走m个白球,这时从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”,则m的值为2;(2)若将袋子中的球搅匀后随机摸出1个球(不放回),再从袋中余下的3个球中随机摸出1个球,求两次摸到的球颜色相同的概率.【分析】(1)由必然事件的定义可知:透明的袋子中装的都是黑球,从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”才能成立,所以m的值即可求出;(2)列表得出所有等可能的情况数,找出两次摸到的球颜色相同的情况数,即可求出所求的概率.【解答】解:(1)∵在一只不透明的袋子中装有2个白球和2个黑球,这些球除颜色外都相同,从袋子中拿走m个白球,这时从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”,∴透明的袋子中装的都是黑球,∴m=2,故答案为:2;总共有12种结果,每种结果的可能性相同,两次都摸到球颜色相同结果有4种,所以两次摸到的球颜色相同的概率==.【点评】此题考查的是用列表法或树状图法求概率.列表法可以不重复不遗漏的列出所有可能的结果,适合于两步完成的事件;树状图法适合两步或两步以上完成的事件;解题时要注意此题是放回实验还是不放回实验.用到的知识点为:概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.21.(6分)(2016•宿迁)如图,已知BD是△ABC的角平分线,点E、F分别在边AB、BC 上,ED∥BC,EF∥AC.求证:BE=CF.【分析】先利用平行四边形性质证明DE=CF,再证明EB=ED,即可解决问题.【解答】证明:∵ED∥BC,EF∥AC,∴四边形EFCD是平行四边形,∴DE=CF,∵BD平分∠ABC,∴∠EBD=∠DBC,∵DE∥BC,∴∠EDB=∠DBC,∴∠EBD=∠EDB,∴EB=ED,∴EB=CF.【点评】本题考查平行四边形的判定和性质、等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识,解题的关键是灵活运用直线知识解决问题,属于基础题,中考常考题型.22.(6分)(2016•宿迁)如图,大海中某灯塔P周围10海里范围内有暗礁,一艘海轮在点A处观察灯塔P在北偏东60°方向,该海轮向正东方向航行8海里到达点B处,这时观察灯塔P恰好在北偏东45°方向.如果海轮继续向正东方向航行,会有触礁的危险吗?试说明理由.(参考数据:≈1.73)【分析】作PC⊥AB于C,如图,∠PAC=30°,∠PBC=45°,AB=8,设PC=x,先判断△PBC为等腰直角三角形得到BC=PC=x,再在Rt△PAC中利用正切的定义得到8+x=,解得x=4(+1)≈10.92,即AC≈10.92,然后比较AC与10的大小即可判断海轮继续向正东方向航行,是否有触礁的危险.【解答】解:没有触礁的危险.理由如下:作PC⊥AB于C,如图,∠PAC=30°,∠PBC=45°,AB=8,设PC=x,在Rt△PBC中,∵∠PBC=45°,∴△PBC为等腰直角三角形,∴BC=PC=x,在Rt△PAC中,∵tan∠PAC=,∴AC=,即8+x=,解得x=4(+1)≈10.92,即AC≈10.92,∵10.92>10,∴海轮继续向正东方向航行,没有触礁的危险.【点评】本题考查了解直角三角形的应用﹣方向角问题:在辨别方向角问题中:一般是以第一个方向为始边向另一个方向旋转相应度数.在解决有关方向角的问题中,一般要根据题意理清图形中各角的关系,有时所给的方向角并不一定在直角三角形中,需要用到两直线平行内错角相等或一个角的余角等知识转化为所需要的角.23.(8分)(2016•宿迁)如图1,在△ABC中,点D在边BC上,∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,⊙O是△ABD的外接圆.(1)求证:AC是⊙O的切线;(2)当BD是⊙O的直径时(如图2),求∠CAD的度数.【分析】(1)连接AO,延长AO交⊙O于点E,则AE为⊙O的直径,连接DE,由已知条件得出∠ABC=∠CAD,由圆周角定理得出∠ADE=90°,证出∠AED=∠ABC=∠CAD,求出EA⊥AC,即可得出结论;(2)由圆周角定理得出∠BAD=90°,由角的关系和已知条件得出∠ABC=22.5°,由(1)知:∠ABC=∠CAD,即可得出结果.【解答】(1)证明:连接AO,延长AO交⊙O于点E,则AE为⊙O的直径,连接DE,如图所示:∵∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,∠ADB=∠ACB+∠CAD,∴∠ABC=∠CAD,∵AE为⊙O的直径,∴∠ADE=90°,∴∠EAD=90°﹣∠AED,∵∠AED=∠ABD,∴∠AED=∠ABC=∠CAD,∴∠EAD=90°﹣∠CAD,即∠EAD+∠CAD=90°,∴EA⊥AC,∴AC是⊙O的切线;(2)解:∵BD是⊙O的直径,∴∠BAD=90°,∴∠ABC+∠ADB=90°,∵∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,∴4∠ABC=90°,∴∠ABC=22.5°,由(1)知:∠ABC=∠CAD,∴∠CAD=22.5°.【点评】本题考查了切线的判定、圆周角定理、角的互余关系;熟练掌握切线的判定方法,由圆周角定理得出直角是解决问题的关键.24.(8分)(2016•宿迁)某景点试开放期间,团队收费方案如下:不超过30人时,人均收费120元;超过30人且不超过m(30<m≤100)人时,每增加1人,人均收费降低1元;超过m人时,人均收费都按照m人时的标准.设景点接待有x名游客的某团队,收取总费用为y元.(1)求y关于x的函数表达式;(2)景点工作人员发现:当接待某团队人数超过一定数量时,会出现随着人数的增加收取的总费用反而减少这一现象.为了让收取的总费用随着团队中人数的增加而增加,求m的取值范围.【分析】(1)根据收费标准,分0<x≤30,30<x≤m,m<x≤100分别求出y与x的关系即可.(2)由(1)可知当0<x≤30或m<x<100,函数值y都是随着x是增加而增加,30<x≤m 时,y=﹣x2+150x=﹣(x﹣75)2+5625,根据二次函数的性质即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)y=.(2)由(1)可知当0<x≤30或m<x<100,函数值y都是随着x是增加而增加,当30<x≤m时,y=﹣x2+150x=﹣(x﹣75)2+5625,∵a=﹣1<0,∴x≤75时,y随着x增加而增加,∴为了让收取的总费用随着团队中人数的增加而增加,∴30<m≤75.【点评】本题考查二次函数的应用、分段函数等知识,解题的关键是利用函数的性质解决实际问题,学会利用二次函数的性质解决增减性问题,属于中考常考题型.25.(10分)(2016•宿迁)已知△ABC是等腰直角三角形,AC=BC=2,D是边AB上一动点(A、B两点除外),将△CAD绕点C按逆时针方向旋转角α得到△CEF,其中点E是点A的对应点,点F是点D的对应点.(1)如图1,当α=90°时,G是边AB上一点,且BG=AD,连接GF.求证:GF∥AC;(2)如图2,当90°≤α≤180°时,AE与DF相交于点M.①当点M与点C、D不重合时,连接CM,求∠CMD的度数;②设D为边AB的中点,当α从90°变化到180°时,求点M运动的路径长.【分析】(1)欲证明GF∥AC,只要证明∠A=∠FGB即可解决问题.(2)①先证明A、D、M、C四点共圆,得到∠CMF=∠CAD=45°,即可解决问题.②利用①的结论可知,点M在以AC为直径的⊙O上,运动路径是弧CD,利用弧长公式即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)如图1中,∵CA=CB,∠ACB=90°,∴∠A=∠ABC=45°,∵△CEF是由△CAD旋转逆时针α得到,α=90°,∴CB与CE重合,∴∠CBE=∠A=45°,∴∠ABF=∠ABC+∠CBF=90°,∵BG=AD=BF,∴∠BGF=∠BFG=45°,∴∠A=∠BGF=45°,∴GF∥AC.(2)①如图2中,∵CA=CE,CD=CF,∴∠CAE=∠CEA,∠CDF=∠CFD,∵∠ACD=∠ECF,∴∠ACE=∠CDF,∵2∠CAE+∠ACE=180°,2∠CDF+∠DCF=180°,∴∠CAE=∠CDF,∴A、D、M、C四点共圆,∴∠CMF=∠CAD=45°,∴∠CMD=180°﹣∠CMF=135°.②如图3中,O是AC中点,连接OD、CM.∵AD=DB,CA=CB,∴CD⊥AB,∴∠ADC=90°,由①可知A、D、M、C四点共圆,∴当α从90°变化到180°时,点M在以AC为直径的⊙O上,运动路径是弧CD,∵OA=OC,CD=DA,∴DO⊥AC,∴∠DOC=90°,∴的长==.∴当α从90°变化到180°时,点M运动的路径长为.【点评】本题考查几何变换综合题、等腰直角三角形的性质、平行线的判定和性质、弧长公式、四点共圆等知识,解题的关键是发现A、D、M、C四点共圆,最后一个问题的关键,正确探究出点M的运动路径,记住弧长公式,属于中考压轴题.26.(10分)(2016•宿迁)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,将二次函数y=x2﹣1的图象M 沿x轴翻折,把所得到的图象向右平移2个单位长度后再向上平移8个单位长度,得到二次函数图象N.(1)求N的函数表达式;(2)设点P(m,n)是以点C(1,4)为圆心、1为半径的圆上一动点,二次函数的图象M与x轴相交于两点A、B,求PA2+PB2的最大值;(3)若一个点的横坐标与纵坐标均为整数,则该点称为整点.求M与N所围成封闭图形内(包括边界)整点的个数.【分析】(1)根据二次函数N的图象是由二次函数M翻折、平移得到所以a=﹣1,求出二次函数N的顶点坐标即可解决问题.(2)由PA2+PB2=(m+1)2+n2+(m﹣1)2+n2=2(m2+n2)+2=2•PO2+2可知OP最大时,PA2+PB2最大,求出OP的最大值即可解决问题.(3)画出函数图象即可解决问题.【解答】(1)解:二次函数y=x2﹣1的图象M沿x轴翻折得到函数的解析式为y=﹣x2+1,此时顶点坐标(0,1),将此图象向右平移2个单位长度后再向上平移8个单位长度得到二次函数图象N的顶点为(2,9),故N的函数表达式y=﹣(x﹣2)2+9=﹣x2+4x+5.(2)∵A(﹣1,0),B(1,0),∴PA2+PB2=(m+1)2+n2+(m﹣1)2+n2=2(m2+n2)+2=2•PO2+2,∴当PO最大时PA2+PB2最大.如图,延长OC与⊙O交于点P,此时OP最大,∴OP的最大值=OC+PO=+1,∴PA2+PB2最大值=2(+1)2+2=38+4.(3)M与N所围成封闭图形如图所示,由图象可知,M与N所围成封闭图形内(包括边界)整点的个数为25个.【点评】本题考查二次函数综合题、最值问题等知识,解题的关键是记住函数图象的平移、翻折变换的规律,学会转化的思想,把问题转化为我们熟悉的问题解决,属于中考压轴题.参与本试卷答题和审题的老师有:CJX;蓝月梦;三界无我;gbl210;2300680618;HLing;zgm666;sdwdmahongye;疯跑的蜗牛;HJJ;1286697702;sks;弯弯的小河;曹先生;wd1899;gsls;wdzyzmsy@(排名不分先后)菁优网2016年7月17日。
2016年江苏省宿迁市中考真题物理试题(答案+解析)

2016年江苏省宿迁市中考物理试卷一、选择题:每小题只有一个选项是正确的.第1-5小题每小题1分,6-10小题每小题1分,共15分.1.《宿迁文明二十条》中第七条是“公共场所不大声喧哗”,其中“大声”是指声音的()A.频率B.响度C.音调D.音色【考点】音调、响度与音色的区分.【分析】音调是指声音的高低,响度是指声音的强弱,声音的响度与声源振动的幅度有关,振动幅度越大,响度越大.【解答】解:在公共场所不大声喧哗,这里的“大声”是指声音的响度大.故“大声”指的响度.故选B.2.下列光现象与日食的形成原因不同的是()A.小孔成像B.水中倒影C.手影游戏D.树下阴影【考点】光在均匀介质中直线传播.【分析】光在同种均匀物质中沿直线传播,在日常生活中,激光准直、小孔成像和影子的形成等都表明光在同一种均匀介质中是沿直线传播的.【解答】解:日食是光的直线传播形成的;小孔成像、手影游戏和树下阴影也是光的直线传播形成的;平静的水面相当于平面镜,水中的倒影属于平面镜成像,是由于光的反射形成的.所以,与日食的形成原因不同的是B项.故选B3.关于所示图片的说法正确的是()A.草叶上的露是液化现象,需要放出热量B.山峰间的雾是汽化现象,需要吸收热量C.树枝上的霜是凝固现象,需要放出热量D.冬天冰冻衣服晾干是凝华现象,需要吸收热量【考点】液化及液化现象;升华和凝华的定义和特点.【分析】(1)物质由气态直接变为固态叫凝华,物质由固态直接变为气态叫升华;由气态变为液态叫液化,由液态变为气态叫汽化;由固态变为液态叫熔化,由液态变为固态叫凝固;(2)六种物态变化过程中,都伴随着吸热或放热.其中放出热量的物态变化有:凝固、液化、凝华;吸热的有:熔化、汽化、升华.【解答】解:A、草叶上的露,是空气中的水蒸气遇冷液化形成的小水珠,此过程放出热量.此选项正确;B、山峰间的雾,是空气中的水蒸气遇冷液化形成的小水滴,此过程放出热量.此选项错误;C、树枝上的霜,是空气中的水蒸气遇冷凝华形成的冰晶,此过程放出热量.此选项错误;D、冰冻的衣服晾干,是冰吸收热量升华成为水蒸气.此选项错误.故选A.4.如图,给试管里的水加热,水沸腾后,水蒸气推动橡皮塞冲程试管口,这个过程与四冲程汽油机的哪一个冲程中的能量转化是相同的()A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程【考点】内燃机的四个冲程.【分析】(1)物体对外做功内能会减少,例如气体膨胀做功,物体的内能减小,转化为机械能;(2)内燃机的做功冲程是将内能转化为机械能的过程.【解答】解:水蒸气把橡皮塞冲出;这个过程中,燃料的化学能转化为内能,水蒸气膨胀做功,水蒸气的内能转化为塞子的机械能;内燃机的做功冲程将内能转化为机械能,因此这一现象相当于内燃机的做功冲程.故选C.5.关于粒子和宇宙的说法正确的是()A.汤姆生发现了电子,卢瑟福建立了原子的核式结构模型B.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构系统,恒星是绝对不动的C.雪花漫天飞舞,说明分子在做无规则运动D.水和酒精混合后总体积变小,说明分子间存在引力【考点】人类探究微观世界的历程;人类探究太阳系及宇宙的历程;分子动理论的基本观点.【分析】①、汤姆生发现了电子,原子结构核式模型是卢瑟福提出的;②运动是相对而言的,没有任何物体是绝对不动的;③分子运动和机械运动的区别,分子运动是微观现象,机械运动是宏观运动;④物质是由分子组成的,分子永不停息地做无规则运动,分子之间存在间隙.【解答】解:A、汤姆生发现了电子,从而说明了原子是可以再分的;根据α粒子散射实验,卢瑟福建立了原子结构的核式模型.此选项正确;B、运动是相对而言的,没有任何物体是绝对不动的,选择了不同的参照物,物体的运动情况就是不同的,恒星相对于从它旁边运动过的流星而言就是运动的.此选项错误;C、雪花漫天飞舞,是固体颗粒的机械运动,不属于分子运动.此选项错误;D、酒精和水混合后总体积变小,是因为分子之间有间隙,一部分水分子和酒精分子会互相占据分子之间的间隙.此选项错误.故选A.6.对下列体育运动中的现象分析正确的是()A.乒乓球被扣杀飞向对方,是因为受到了惯性的作用B.篮球从空中落下,此过程中它的动能转化为重力势能C.用脚踢足球时,脚有疼痛感,说明力的作用是相互的D.间排球竖直向上抛出,到最高点时速度为零,此时排球处于平衡状态【考点】惯性;力作用的相互性;平衡状态的判断;动能和势能的转化与守恒.【分析】(1)物体间力的作用是相互的,一个物体对另一个物体施力的同时,也受到另一个物体对它的作用力,所以,一个物体既是施力物体,同时也是受力物体.(2)物体的重力势能由物体的质量与高度决定,物体的动能由物体的质量与速度决定,根据物体高度与速度的变化情况判断重力势能与动能的变化情况.(3)力是改变物体运动状态的原因.(4)当物体受到的合外力为零时,物体处于平衡状态.【解答】解:A、乒乓球被扣杀后飞向对方,说明力可以改变物体的运动状态,故A错误;B、蓝球从高处落下的过程中,高度下降,速度增加,是重力势能转化为动能;故B错误;C、用脚踢足球时,脚有疼痛感,说明球对脚也施加了力,这个现象表明:物体间力的作用是相互的.故C正确;D、平衡状态指的是合力为零的状态,小球在整个的过程中始终受到重力的作用,合力不为零,不是平衡状态,故D错误.故选C.7.关于电动机和发电机的说法正确的是()A.电动机是根据电磁感应现象制成的,是将电能转化为机械能的装置B.发电机是根据电流的磁效应制成的,是将机械能转化为电能的装置C.电动机的转动方向只与磁场方向有关,与其它因素无关D.发电机产生的感应电流的方向跟线圈转动方向有关,跟磁场方向也有关【考点】发电机的构造和原理;直流电动机的原理.【分析】要解答本题需掌握发电机和电动机最根本的区别:电动机是消耗电能的,其原理是通电线圈在磁场里受力转动;而发电机是产生电能的,其原理是电磁感应现象.【解答】解:AC、电动机是根据通电导线在磁场中受力的作用的原理制成的,是将电能转化为机械能的装置;且所受力的方向,即电动机的转动方向与电流的方向、磁场的方向有关,故AC错误;BD、发电机是根据电磁感应现象的原理制成的,是将机械能转化为电能的装置,且感应电流的方向与导体的运动方向和磁场的方向有关,故B错误,D正确;故选D.8.如图,碗可以漂浮在水面上,也可以沉入水底,下列说法正确的是()A.碗沉入水底时比漂浮在水面上时重力变大了B.碗沉入水底时受到的浮力等于它的重力C.碗沉入水底时比漂浮时所受的浮力变大了D.碗沉入水底时容器底部受到水的压强变小了【考点】物体的浮沉条件及其应用;液体的压强的特点.【分析】(1)由于地球的吸引而使得物体受到的力是重力,重力的大小与物体的质量有关;(2)下沉时,物体所受的浮力小于自身的重力;(3)物体漂浮时,浮力等于自身的重力;(4)据阿基米德原理分析出排开液体的体积的变化,而后判断出液面的高度变化即可.【解答】解:A、碗沉入水底时与漂浮在水面上时,质量相同,所以重力相同,故A错误;B、据浮沉条件可知,碗沉入水底时受到的浮力小于它的重力,故B错误;C、碗沉入水底时,浮力小于重力;碗漂浮时,浮力等于自身的重力,由于重力相同,所以漂浮时的浮力大于下沉时的浮力,故C错误;D、据C可知,漂浮时的浮力大于下沉时的浮力,即据V排=可知,小瓷碗浸没后,排开的水的体积减小,水面则下降,根据p=ρgh可知:容器底受到水的压强变小,故D正确.故选D.9.在物理实验中,对物理量有时要进行多次测量,有的是为了减小误差,有的是为了寻找普遍规律,下列是为了减少实验误差的是()A.在“测量定值电阻的阻值”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值B.在“测量小灯泡的电功率”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值C.在“探究某种物质的质量与体积关系”时,测量多组对应的质量和体积D.在“探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”时,测量多组对应的电流和电压值[【考点】误差及其减小方法.【分析】物理实验中为了减小误差或者寻找规律进行多次测量,如果物理量是个恒量,多次测量求平均值可以减小实验误差;如果不是测量具体的物理量,而是寻找规律也采取多次测量,寻找普遍性.【解答】解:A、在“测量定值电阻的阻值”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值,是为了计算电阻值时求取平均值,以减小误差,故A正确;B、在“测量小灯泡的电功率”时,小灯泡的电功率是变化的,测量多组对应的电压和电流值,是为了研究不同电压下的小灯泡实际功率,故B错误;C、在“探究某种物质的质量与体积关系”时,测量多组对应的质量和体积,是为了寻找普遍性的规律,故C错误;D、在“探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”时,测量多组对应的电流和电压值,是为了寻找普遍性的规律,故D错误.故选A.10.甲、乙两小车同时同地沿同一直线匀速直线运动,它们的s﹣t图象分别如图所示,根据图象分析可知()A.v甲=0.6m/s,v乙=0.4m/s B.经过6s两小车一定相距6.0mC.经过6s两小车一定相距4.8m D.经过6s两小车可能相距2.4m【考点】速度公式及其应用.【分析】解答本题首先要明确各图象中横纵坐标表示的物理量分别是什么;其次注意认清横坐标和纵坐标上各表示的最小分格的数值大小和单位;再次是明确图象所表示的物理意义;最后对照各个选项提出的问题作出判断.【解答】解:A、由图可知,当t=6s时,甲通过的路程为s甲=3.6m,乙车通过的路程为s乙=1.2m,则v甲===0.6m/s,v乙===0.2m/s.故A错误;BCD、由图象可看出:经过6s,甲车的路程是3.6m,乙车的路程是1.2m,若两车运动方向相同,则两车相距3.6m﹣1.2m=2.4m,若两车运动方向相反,则两车相距3.6m+1.2m=4.8m.故BC错误,D正确;故选D.二、填空题:每空1分,共16分.11.图甲中物体的长度为 1.85cm;图乙中天平所测物体质量为26.8g.【考点】长度的测量;质量的测量与天平.【分析】(1)刻度尺的读数方法:起始端从0开始,末端刻度值即为读数,起始端没从0开始,最后读数应为末端刻度值减去起始端刻度值;(2)天平的读数方法:天平平衡时砝码的示数加上游码的示数为物体的质量.【解答】解:(1)如图所示,刻度尺的分度值是1mm,起始端从0开始,末端刻度值为1.85cm,则物体的长度为1.85cm.(2)天平平衡时的示数等于砝码加上游码的示数,游码标尺的分度值是0.2g,所以物体的质量为20g+5g+1.8g=26.8g.故答案为:1.85;26.8.12.家用白炽灯正常工作时,其两端的电压为220V;白炽灯与电视机之间连接方式是并联(选填“并联”或“串联”).【考点】家庭电路工作电压、零线火线的辨别方法;串联电路和并联电路的辨别.【分析】(1)我国家用电器的额定电压都是220V(2)我国所有的家用电器都是并联的,为了保证家用电器都正常工作,并且互不影响.【解答】解:家用白炽灯正常工作时,其两端的电压为是220V;家用电视和白炽灯都是家用电器,正常工作时互不影响,是并联的;故答案为:220;并联;13.小明骑自行车上学途中,如果以他骑的自行车为参照物,路旁的树是静止(选填“运动”或“静止”)的.为了减小车速,要捏紧车闸,这是通过增大压力的方法增大摩擦.【考点】参照物及其选择;增大或减小摩擦的方法.【分析】被研究的物体和选定为参照物的物体之间发生位置变化,被研究的物体是运动的,否则是静止的;增大摩擦的方法有增大压力和增大接触面的粗糙程度.【解答】解:小明骑自行车上学,相对于他骑的自行车位置不发生变化,故小明是静止的;增大摩擦的方法有增大压力和增大接触面的粗糙程度,捏紧车闸,是通过增大压力来增大摩擦的.故答案为:静止;增大压力.14.一边长为10cm的实心立方体金属块的质量为2.7kg,它的密度是 2.7×103kg/m3;当把它放在水平地面上时,对地面的压强是2700Pa,用弹簧测力计挂着金属块,让它全部浸没在水中时,弹簧测力计的示数是17N,则金属块受到的浮力大小为10N.(g取10N/kg)【考点】密度的计算;浮力大小的计算.【分析】①已知立方体的边长,可以得到其体积;已知质量和体积,两者之比是密度;②已知立方体质量,可以得到重力,对水平面的压力等于其重力;已知立方体边长,可以得到底面积;已知压力和受力面积,可以得到立方体对地面的压强;③已知立方体重力和浸没在水中受到的拉力,两者之差是受到的浮力.【解答】解:立方体的体积:V=a3=(0.1m)3=10﹣3m3,立方体的密度:ρ===2.7×103kg/m3;立方体对地面的压力:F=G=mg=2.7kg×10N/kg=27N,立方体与地面的接触面积:S=(0.1m)2=0.01m2,立方体对地面的压强:p===2700Pa;金属块受到的浮力:F浮=G﹣F拉=27N﹣17N=10N.故答案为:2.7×103;2700;10.15.在高速铁路上,一列车以324km/h的速度在平直轨道上匀速行驶50km,若列车的牵引力为105N,通过这段路程牵引力所做的功为5×109J,功率为9×106W.【考点】功的计算;功率的计算.【分析】已知牵引力大小和列车行驶的路程,利用W=Fs计算牵引力所做的功,利用v=求出所用时间,然后利用P=计算功率.【解答】解:牵引力所做的功:W=Fs=105N×50×103m=5×109J,v=324km/324×m/s=90m/s,根据v=可得所用时间:t==,功率:P==9×106W.故答案为:5×109;9×106.16.如图,小明在用动滑轮(不计绳重和摩擦)匀速提升不同重物时,记录下了在绳子自由端使用的拉力F与对应所提升的物体重力G,如表:分析表中数据可知,拉力F与重力G的关系式是:F=(G+0.4N);动滑轮重为0.4 N;随着物重的增加,动滑轮的机械效率变大.【考点】滑轮组绳子拉力的计算;滑轮(组)的机械效率.【分析】(1)设动滑轮重力为G轮,由表中数据可得F=(G+G轮),据此求动滑轮重力,再利用F=(G+G轮)得出拉力F与重力G的关系式;(2)不计绳重和摩擦,提高动滑轮效率的方法:一是增大提升的物重,二是减小动滑轮重力.【解答】解:(1)设动滑轮的重力为G轮,不计绳重和摩擦,所以拉力F=(G+G轮),由表中第1组数据可得:0.7N=(1N+G轮),解得G轮=0.4N,则拉力F与重力G的关系式是:F=(G+0.4N);(2)在不计绳重和摩擦时,η===,若所提物重G的增加,则动滑轮的机械效率变大.故答案为:(G+0.4N);0.4;大.17.如图,是宿迁市区一交通道路上使用的风光互补LED路灯外形图和电路原理图,该电路中两只LED灯是并联的,灯上标有“24V 60W”字样.则两个LED灯正常发光时,通过光控开关S的电流为5A;如果用这种路灯替换发光亮度相同的420瓦的传统路灯,那么500套风光互补路灯每天工作10小时可节约电能 5.4×109J.【考点】电功率与电压、电流的关系;电功率与电能、时间的关系.【分析】(1)两个LED灯并联,正常发光时的功率和额定功率相等,根据P=UI求出通过每个LED灯的电流,根据并联电路的电流特点求出通过光控开关S的电流;(2)根据W=Pt求出节约的电能.【解答】解:(1)两个LED灯并联且正常发光,通过每个LED灯的电流I===2.5A:因并联电路中干路电流等于各支路电流之和,所以,通过光控开关S的电流I=I+I=2.5A+2.5A=5A;(2)500套风光互补路灯每天工作10小时可节约电能W=nPt=500××10h=1500kW•h=1500×3.6×106J=5.4×109J.答:(1)通过光控开关S的电流为5A;(2)500套风光互补路灯每天工作10小时可节约电能5.4×109J.三、作图、计算题:19、20题应写出解答过程.18.如图,一木块A沿斜面匀速下滑,请作出木块受到的重力和斜面对它的滑动摩擦力的示意图.【考点】重力示意图;摩擦力的示意图.【分析】在斜面上物体受竖直向下的重力,平行于斜面向上的滑动摩擦力.根据力的示意图的画法作图.【解答】解:物体所受重力竖直向下,滑动摩擦力平行于斜面向上.重力与滑动摩擦力的示意图如图示:19.如图,根据磁感线的方向,标出小磁针的N、S极,并在电源两端括号内标上电源正、负极.【考点】通电螺线管的极性和电流方向的判断;磁感线及其特点.【分析】①知道通电螺线管的N极,根据磁极间的相互作用判断出小磁针的磁极.②根据通电螺线管的磁极判断出磁感线的方向.在磁体外部,磁感线总是从N极发出,回到S极.③根据右手定则判断出电流的方向,确定电源的正负极.【解答】解:①由图可知,通电螺线管的左端为N极,根据异名磁极相互吸引,同名磁极相互排斥,则小磁针的右端为S极,左端为N极.②因为在磁体外部,磁感线总是从N极发出,回到S极,所以磁感线的方向是指向右的.③根据安培定则,伸出右手使大拇指指示螺线管的左端N极,则四指弯曲所指的方向为电流的方向,所以电流从螺线管的右端流入,则电源的右端为正极,左端为负极.如图所示:20.某太阳能热水器中装有40kg的水,阳光照射一段时间后,水温从10℃升高到60℃,已知C水=4.2×103J/(kg•℃).求:(1)热水器中的是所吸收的热量;(2)如果水吸收的热量用天然气来提供,需要完全燃烧多少立方米的天然气?(天然气的热值为8.4×107J/m3,假设天然气完全燃烧放出的热量全部被水吸收)【考点】太阳能热水器中的热量计算.【分析】(1)已知水的质量与初末温度,由热量公式可以求出水所吸收的热量.(2)根据Q放=Q吸,再根据Q放=Vq求出天然气的体积.【解答】解:(1)热水器中水吸收的热量:Q=cm(t﹣t0)=4.2×103J/(kg•℃)×40kg×(60℃﹣10℃)=8.4×106J;(2)天然气完全燃烧放出的热量Q放=Q吸=8.4×106J,因为Q放=Vq所以天然气的体积V===0.1m3.答:(1)热水器中的水所吸收的热量是8.4×106J;(2)如果水吸收的热量用天然气来提供,需要完全燃烧0.1m3的天然气.21.如图所示电路,R1=20Ω,R2=10Ω,电源电压保持不变,当S1闭合,S2、S3断开时,电流表的示数为0.6A.(1)求电源电压;(2)当S2断开,S1、S3闭合时,求电流表的示数;(3)电路如何连接时,电路消耗的电功率最小?并求出该最小值.【考点】欧姆定律的应用;电功率的计算.【分析】(1)当S1闭合,S2、S3断开时,只有R2连入电路中,由欧姆定律计算电源电压;(2)当S2断开,S1、S3闭合时,R1与R2并联,电流表测干路电流,由并联电路特点和欧姆定律计算电流表示数;(3)电源电压一定,由P=分析判断并计算电路的最小功率.【解答】解:(1)由电路图知,当S1闭合,S2、S3断开时,只有R2连入电路中,电流表测R2的电流,由I=可得电源电压:U=U2=I2R2=0.6A×10Ω=6V;(2)由电路图知,当S2断开,S1、S3闭合时,R1与R2并联,电流表测干路电流,由并联电路电压特点知:U=U1=U2=6V,由并联电路的电流特点和I=可得,电流表示数:I′=I1+I2=+I2=+0.6A=0.9A;(3)电源电压保持不变,由P=可知当电路中电阻最大时功率最小,由图知,当只闭合S2时两电阻串联,电路中电阻最大,所以电路消耗的最小功率为:P最小===1.2W.答:(1)电源电压为6V;(2)当S2断开,S1、S3闭合时,电流表的示数为0.9A;(3)当只闭合S2时,电路消耗的电功率最小,最小值为1.2W.四、实验、探究题:共15分,22.小明在做“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中:(1)为了粗测凸透镜的焦距,小明上午上课前,将凸透镜与水平地面平行放置,让太阳光照射到凸透镜上,调节凸透镜到地面的距离,直至地面上出现一个最小的亮点,小明认为此点到光心的距离,就是凸透镜的焦距,小强却说,这个距离不是凸透镜的焦距,其理由是凸透镜没有正对太阳光放置(太阳光没有平行于主光轴入射到凸透镜上).(2)实验过程中,在图示位置,烛焰恰好在光屏上成清晰的像,这与照相机(选填“放大镜”、“投影仪”或“照相机”)的成像原理相同.若将蜡烛向右移动10cm,调整光屏位置再次成清晰的像,此时像的大小比原来的像要大.【考点】凸透镜成像规律及其探究实验.【分析】(1)平行于主光轴的光线会聚于一点,此点为凸透镜的焦点.由焦点到凸透镜光心的距离叫做焦距,粗略测量薄透镜的焦距时,可以测出从焦点到凸透镜的距离即可.(2)凸透镜成实像时,根据物距和像距的关系,能判断凸透镜的成像情况:①物距大于像距,成倒立、缩小的实像;②物距等于像距,成倒立、等大的实像;③物距小于像距,成倒立、放大的实像,应用于投影仪或幻灯机.【解答】解:(1)太阳光可以近似看为平行光源,将凸透镜正对着太阳光,太阳光经凸透镜后将会聚在焦点.所以把光屏置于另一侧,改变光屏与凸透镜间的距离,直到光屏上出现一个最小、最亮的光斑,这个光斑便为焦点.测出光斑到凸透镜的距离,便是焦距.而小明上午上课前,将凸透镜与水平地面平行放置,此时凸透镜没有正对太阳光(太阳光没有与凸透镜的主光轴平行),所以这个亮点不是凸透镜的焦点位置.(2)物体到凸透镜的距离是物距,像到凸透镜的距离是像距.如图,物距大于像距,成倒立、缩小的实像,照相机就是利用此原理制成的.当凸透镜的位置不变时,只向右移动蜡烛,要使光屏上再次出现一个明亮清晰的像,可以向右移动光屏,才能再一次成像,并且此时的像比刚才的像大.故答案为:(1)凸透镜没有正对太阳光放置(太阳光没有平行于主光轴入射到凸透镜上);(2)照相机;大.23.如图甲,是“探究某种固体物质熔化特点”的实验装置,图乙是根据实验数据描绘出的该物质在熔化过程中温度随时间变化的图象.(1)实验中,用烧杯中的热水加热试管中固体物质,好处是使试管中的物质受热均匀;由图乙可知,该物质是晶体(选填“晶体”或“非晶体”).(2)图乙中,该物质在t1时具有的内能大于(选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)在t2时的内能.【考点】熔化和凝固的探究实验.【分析】(1)把盛有固体的试管放入盛有水的烧杯中加热,而不是直接用酒精灯加热,这样可以使固体均匀受热,减慢熔化速度,发现熔化过程中的规律.这种方法叫水浴法.晶体和非晶体在熔化过程中的区别:晶体在熔化过程中,温度不变;非晶体在熔化过程中温度不断上升(2)晶体熔化过程中,吸收热量,温度不变,但内能增加.【解答】解:(1)利用烧杯中的水给试管里的物质加热的目的是使试管中的物质受热均匀;由图知,该物质在熔化过程中,吸收热量,温度不变,所以该物质为晶体.(2)物质在t1到t2时吸收热量,内能增加.故答案为:(1)使试管中的物质受热均匀;晶体;(2)大于.24.小明在“探究杠杆的平衡条件”实验中,所用的器材有:杠杆、支架、弹簧测力计、刻度尺、细线和质量相同的钩码若干个.(1)实验前,将杠杆中点置于支架上,调节平衡螺母,使杠杆水平平衡;实验中,使杠杆在水平位置平衡,这样做的好处是便于在杠杆上直接测量力臂.(2)实验过程中,将钩码悬挂于图中A点,保持阻力、阻力臂不变,在支点O右侧不同位置,用弹簧测力计施加竖直向下的拉力(动力),使杠杆水平平衡,测出每一组动力臂L1和对应的动力F1,并记录在表中.请根据表中数据,在坐标系中绘制出L1与F1的图象,根据图象中实验数据可知,当L1为0.5m时,F1为0.6N.(3)实验中小明发现,保持杠杆处于水平平衡,当弹簧测力计的拉力方向偏离竖直方向时,弹簧测力计的拉力会变大,原因是拉力的力臂变小.【考点】探究杠杆的平衡条件实验.【分析】(1)杠杆在水平位置平衡时,力的方向与杠杆垂直,力臂的长度可以直接从杠杆上读出来;。
2016年江苏宿迁中考英语试卷和答案

2016年江苏省宿迁市中考英语试卷一.单项选择1.(1 分)---Have you read a book called"The Merchant of Venice"?---Yes. book is very interesting.( )A. AnB. AC. TheD. /2.(1 分)The 31st Olympic Games will take place August 5, 2016.( )A. atB. ofC. inD. on3.(1 分)Which sign of the following means"No Smoking"?( )A.软.O c.® D.®4.. (1 分)---Do you know whose iPhone6s this is?---Let me see . Oh, it's .( )A . hersB . herC . himD . their5.(1 分)I can't go with you . I stay at home until my parents come back.( )A . canB . mayC . mustD . could6.(1 分)---is it from Suqian to Jiuzhai valley?---About 1, 200kilometers away . But I'm not sure.( )A . How oftenB . How soonC . How longD . How far7. (1 分)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his and feltafraid.( )A . taskB . workC . wayD . job8. (1 分) Wearing white can help people when they feel stressed .( )A calm downB write downC break downD turn down9. (1 分)---Did you watch the China's Military Parade on TV?--- Yes . great it was!( )A . HowB . WhatC . How aD . What a10. (1 分)They spoke quietly I could hardly hear them .( )A. such;thatB. so;thatC. neither;norD. both;and11. (1 分)---What do you think of the movie Zootopia?---It is one I've ever seen.( )A. more excitedB. more excitingC. the most excitedD. the most exciting12. (1 分) --- There is a beautiful park near your school,? --- Yes. I often go walking there.( )A.is there B.isn't there C.are there D.aren't there13. (1 分)The structure of the sentence"The students visited the museum"is .( )A.S+VB. S+V+DOC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC 14. (1 分)---Could you please tell me? ---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.( )A. where will you goB.how you will go to BeijingC.when you will go to BeijingD.why will you go to Beijing15.(1 分)--- The women badminton players won the Uber Cup.--- ( )A. What a pity!B. With pleasureC. Never mind.D. I'm glad to hear that.二.完形填空16.(15 分)"You don't understand me!"I shouted. Then i ran out of the door and got on a bus. I didn't know (16) it was going. I just want to get away from home as (17) as i could.I couldn't (18) what had just happened to me. My mother, the person i believe in, had just read all of my (19) from my close friends!It shouldn't have happened to me. She read my letters and told me not to write to (20) any more!I couldn't (21) the tears from falling when i thought about this. Later that day, i went to my close (22) house. (23) my friend gave me a cup of water, the phone rang."It's your mother, "she spoke to me in a low (24)."Tell her that i'm not here!"I replied. However my mother heard it. "Tell her not to leave!I'll be right there!"Then she rang up the phone (25)a goodbye. In fact, i should say that i was a little (26) i couldn't imagine what would happen.But to my (27), when my mother arrived, "sorry"was the first word she (28) to me. Her (29)told me that she had been crying and her voice told me that she was really tired . "will you forgive me "at last she asked . I didn't know what to say. I just (30) her, and gave her a hug (拥抱).She held me so tightly. You know, at that time, i felt so warm. I really love you, Mum!16.A. where B.what C. why D.when17.A. happily B.slowly C. carefully D.quietly18.A. remember B.talk C. believe D.ask19.A. letters B.books C. magazines D.novels20.A. him B.them C. you D.her21.A. make B.think C. stop D.find22.A. classmate's B.relatives C. teacher's D.friend's23.A. Unless B.If C. After D.Since24.A. voice B.sound C. noise D.silence25.A. during B.without C. to wards D.from26.A. satisfied B.bored C. worried D.interested27.A. surprise B.mind C. body D.heart28.A.told B.said C.asked D.heard29.A.ears B.arms C.hands D.eyes30.A.ran to B.gave in C. went on D.pushed in.三、阅读理解(共3小题;每小题两分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.31. (6 分)Cats are animals that live on land. They can be divided into two groups:big cats and small cats.Big cats are the larger animal species.Here are somematerials about big cats.Tigers are one of the largest cats. They live inthe forests and marsh areas of South - EastAsia, India, Russia and Southern China. Tigersmostly live alone and mainly hunt atnight. Young tigers leave their mothers at about twoyears of age.Lions live mostly on the larger grassland of Africa.Unlike tigers, lions are the most social of the big cats.They live in family groups and hunt together. There canbe up to 35lions in a group. They use speed andstrength to catch and kill their prey.Leopards live mostly in the forest on the edges of plainsin Africa and Asia. New born leopards only open theireyes after 10days. They spend much of the day resting intrees. They do most of their hunting at night. They eatalmost any animal they can catch.31.When do tigers mainly huntA.In the morning.B.At noon.C.In the afternoon.D.At night.32.Lions live mostly in.B. RussiaC.AfricaD.India33.What do leopards often do in the daytimeA.Rest in trees.B.Sleep in caves.C.Look after their babies.D.Hunt small animals.34.(6 分)Many hundreds of years ago, the moon was a mystery to people on the earth. What was that glowing ball came out at night Why did it keep getting smaller, then larger? Why didn't it fall from the sky Through the ages, people have tried to come up with answers.To the native people of Bolivia, in South American, the moon was a great chief who once lived on the earth. The Abaluyian people of Kenya, in Africa, believe the moon and the sun were brothers who fought in the sky. In other parts of the world, people believed they saw different pictures in the moon. The Haida Indians of Canada saw a woman carrying a bucket. The Chinese saw a road. People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendar. In fact, in some languages, the word for moon meant"month". A Native American nation called the Sioux made a calendar of 13moons, or months. Each moon had a name, such as Moon of Black Cherries, Moon of Green Corn, and Moon of Severe Cold.Though people of the past found the moon was helpful, mysterious and interesting, they didn't know much about it. They only knew what they could see with their own eyes.Then almost 400years age, an Italian acientist named Galileo made a new telescope (望远镜)that was more powerful than any telescope made before. Galileo decided to take his new implement to look at the moon . He discovered that the moon was not the smooth, shiny ball. The brighter places were mostly hills and mountains. The flat areas were lower, which is why they appeared darker.As more people saw the moon through telescopes, they discovered more about it. Yet, people still had much to learn about the moon.34.Which name of the moon is NOT mentioned in the passageA.Moon of Severe Cold.B.Moon of Red Trees.C.Moon of Black Cherries.D.Moon of Green Corn.35.The underlined word"implement"probably means.A.ideaB.wayC. toolD. habit 36. From this passage, we can know that. A. Thousands of years ago, Galileo used his implement to look at the moon B. People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendar C. People discovered that the darker areas in moon were hills and mountains D. The native people of Bolivia thought that the moon and the sun were sisters.37. (8 分)"Neville is my brother, "Sir Henry continued , "about five years ago , my brother and I quarreled, Soon after this, our father died. I am the elder son , and I got everything. I wanted my brother to apologize to me. He didn't , and so I gave him nothing. With the little money he had , he left England for South Africa. I wrote to him several times , but I received no replies. Perhaps , he never got my letters. I don't know. But as time passed , I worried more and more about him." "Mr. Quatemain , will you please tell me everything you know about him?" "Very well , "I said , "but you will be the first person to whom I have told what I know. "Your brother wanted to find King Solomon's Mince . That is why he felt for Inyati""King Solomon's Mines!"Sir Henry screamed . "I have never heard of it . where are they?" "There is a tale about them . "I will tell you what I know if you promise to keep it secret , "I said. "You have our promise. "Sir Henry said."An elephant hunter. Evans , told me the tale . "I said , "he told me there was a destroyed city northwest of the Solomon Mountain , and Solomon had his diamond mines there""Then one evening a Portuguese (葡萄牙人).Jose Silvester. came to my camp and asked to stay the night. The next day he said. ’When we meet again I shall be the richest man in the world.""A week or more passed , Jose Silvester came back but he was ill badly . I took him into my tent . The next morning when I awoke . He was looking at the mountains. ‘There it is!'he cried, ‘but I shall never get there. I am dying'"."He took out an old map to me , 'This map has been in my family for hundreds of years, 'he said, 'it will make you the richest in the world. 'Then he died."I took the map out of my pocket and passed to Sir Henry. Sir Henry read the writing:"Fam Silverter. I am in a cave north of the mountain. I am dying of hunger. With my own eyes I have seen the diamonds in Solomon's treasure cave behind the white Death. If you do find it, you will be a rich man!"I took back the map and put it in my pocket."It is an amazing story. "Sir Henry said."Yes. "I said. "But I have not invented it. "I stood up and left angrily. I thought they were doubting my story.37.How long has Neville been away from EnglandA. A few monthsB. A week or moreC.About five yearsD.Less than three years38.Neville left for Inyati because.A.he needed to search for his blind wife.B.he wanted to find King Solomon's Mines.C.he decided to go to Portuguese for a visit.D.he planned to travel abroad with his friends.39.Who gave Mr. Quatemain the map?A. NevilleB.Sir HenryC.EvansD. Jose Silvester40.What can we infer (推断)from the passage?A.Quatemain left angrily because he thought his story wasn't believed.B.Si Henry quarreled with his brothers because of their father's death.C.Jose Silvester would like to find King Solomon's Mines with Sir Henry.D.Solomon had his diamond mines in a beautiful city northwest of England.四、词汇运用(共10小题;每小题0.5分,满分5分)A)根据句意及所给中文提示、英文解释或首字母,写出句中所缺单词,每空限填一词.41.(0.5 分)Everest is a natural(奇迹).Many people expect to explore it.42.(0.5 分)There are three months in spring, including March, April and(五月).43.(0.5 分)With the development of science and technology, more and more (机器人)are used in factories.44.(0.5 分)Drinking tea is (tradition)in China.45.(0.5 分)Most drivers in Suqian are(礼貌的)enough to let people walk across the street first .46.(0.5 分)People around the world all love p and hate wars .47.(0.5 分)To s time, we're going to take a direct flight to New York.48.. (0.5 分)When I grow up . I'm going to be e a teacher or a doctor .49.(0.5 分)Look at the statue . It has stood here for one (a period of 100years).50.. (0.5 分)Thomas Edison is one of the greatest (a person who has invented something)in the world .四,B)根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空.51.. (0.5 分)The boy hopes that he will be a (tomorrow)TV star .52.(0.5 分)"A miss is as good as a mile . "I often say to (I).53.. (0.5 分)-Why is Alan so popular in your class? - Because he is very (friend)to everyone .54.(0.5 分)Suzy got the(five)place in the competition . She has tried her best55.(0.5 分)We all know you are smart, but you'd better(not show)off .56.(0.5 分)Jackson has difficulty in (solve)the problem in such a short time57.(0.5 分)She is very hungry . Can you give her something (eat)?58.. (0.5 分)I(keep)the books for three weeks, so I have to renew them this afternoon59.(0.5 分)We will insist on it until she (change)her idea.60.(0.5 分) The passengers (tell)just now that the highway was closed because of the heavy fog.五、根据所给汉语完成下列句子,每空词数不限.(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)61.(1分)老师要求我们按时上交作业.Teachers require us to our homework on time.62.(1分)约翰太粗心了,不能照看好他的宠物.John is look after his pets well.63.(1分)结果证明,谋杀案和那个工程师无关.It turned out that the engineer the murder.64.(1分)一天工作之后,他精疲力尽.After a day's work, he was.65.(1分)月球上的食物很可能会以药片的形式存在,而且味道没那么可口. Food on the moon would most probably be pills and would not be tasty.六、任务型阅读(共1小题;每小题0.5分,满分5分)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填写表格,每空限填一词.66.(5 分)When we say someone is in a blue mood, it means he or she is unhappy or sad. Are you feeling a little blue Here are some fast and easy ways to cheer you up.ExerciseWhen you exercise, your brain gives out a chemical called Endorphin (内啡肽).This chemical makes you feel happy. That is why exercise is good for you.Have a talkIf something or somebody is troubling you . don't quarrel with other people to relax yourself. It is a good idea to have a heart - to - heart with a friend or a family member. Tell them your feelings.A chat is a useful way to make you feel better.Have some bobbiesFor example, playing pop music, drawing something or listening to your favorite music will make you smile. Act like an artist. Draw, paint or make something. Being active and creative makes you feel more satisfied and less nervous.Laugh moreLaughing is the best way to improve your moods . Children laugh about 400times a day. Adults only laugh about 20times a day. What happen? Experts say if we laugh more, we will be happier and healthier.Think positivelyClose your eyes and imagine a beautiful scene or a time. Never think about anything terrible that you can't change. What's more, leave your flat and go outside. Sun and fresh air are good for you. Be a kid for a day. Play games, watch comedy movies or read jokes online.七、书面表达(满分15分)76. (15分)为增强安全意识,学校英语俱乐部将开展“如何提升自我保护能力” 的讨论.请以"How to protect ourselves'为题,写一篇英语短文,内容必须包括以下要点:1.尊敬师长,与同学好相处;2.公共场所,举止文明,不追逐打闹;3.不乱交网友,不泄露个人信息;4.…(自助发挥,至少两点)注意事项:1.词数90左右,标题与结尾已给出,不计入总词数;2.文中不得出现真实的地名、校名、人名等信息.How to protect ourselvesDanger is never as far away as we think. Take good care of ourselves at all times!2016年江苏省宿迁市中考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一.单项选择1.(1 分)---Have you read a book called"The Merchant of Venice"?---Yes. book is very interesting.( )A. AnB. AC. TheD. /【解答】答案:C.根据句意可知,"book"是上句提到"The Merchant of Venic", 是特指,故应填the,故答案为C.2.(1 分)The 31st Olympic Games will take place August 5, 2016.( )A. atB. ofC. inD. on【解答】答案:D根据动作发生的时间"August 5, 2016",可知时间为2016年8 月5日,为具体到某一天的时间.at+时间点;of表示所属,〃••的";in十年、月、季节等;on+具体到某一天.故选D.3.(1 分)Which sign of the following means"No Smoking"?( )AT B O .【解答】答案:B根据题干中的“No Smoking",可知询问的是“禁止吸烟”的标志.A 选项为"禁止游泳"B选项为"禁止吸烟";C选项为“禁止拍照";D选项为“禁止停车".故选B .4.. (1 分)---Do you know whose iPhone6s this is?---Let me see . Oh, it's .( )A hersB herC himD their【解答】答案:Ait's.这个空后面没有名词,所以本空物主代词作为名词性物主代词使用,BCD都是形容词性物主代词,只有A是名词性物主代词."她的"名词性物主代词是,叫年",故选A5.(1 分)I can't go with you. I stay at home until my parents come back.()A. canB. mayC. mustD. could【解答】答案C. must有表示"必须要做的事”.结合前文的can't不能可知,此处表示"我必须要待在家里;"can:能,会,可以,may:也许,可能,could:can 的过去式,语气较委婉.固选C.6.(1 分)---is it from Suqian to Jiuzhai valley?---About 1, 200kilometers away. But I'm not sure.()A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. How far【解答】答案:D根据答句,,About 1, 200kilometers away."可知回答的是距离.how often提问频率;how soon提问多久之后;how long提问时间段;how far提问距离.故选D.7.(1 分)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his and feltafraid.()A. taskB. workC. wayD. job【解答】答案:C.先分析选项中各个名词的含义:A task作业,B work工作,C way道路,D job职业;根据语境及through the forest alone(独自穿过森林),felt afraid (感到害怕)结合关键词lost hi s♦可知此处是指独自穿过森林时.他迷路了,感到害怕;lose one's way为固定短语"迷路”.故选C.8.(1 分)Wearing white can help people when they feel stressed.()A.calm downB.write downC.break downD.turn down【解答】答案:A calm down (使)平静,镇静,安静;(使)平静下来; write down写下来,记下来;break down出故障,分解;turn down把音量调小,拒绝;根据句子中时间状语"when they feel stressed当他们感到有压力时"以及"wearing white穿白色衣服"这里"white 白色是冷色调,能让人平静",故选:A.9.(1 分)---Did you watch the China's Military Parade on TV?--- Yes. great it was!()A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a【解答】答案:A.根据great it was!可知这里考查了感叹句,本句的中心词是great,它是一个形容词,根据How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!故选A.10.(1 分)They spoke quietly I could hardly hear them.()A. such;thatB. so;thatC. neither;norD. both;and【解答】答案:B.根据语境以及上下文,本题考查的是连词的用法.根据语境推测句意是“他们说话如此轻声,以至于我几乎听不清他们说什么."句型:so+形容词/副词+that从句,表示"如此…以致于…"选项A也是"如此…以致于…”的意思,但such后面应跟名词;故选B11.(1 分)---What do you think of the movie Zootopia?---It is one I've ever seen.()A. more excitedB. more excitingC. the most excitedD. the most exciting【解答】答案:D.根据语境,I've ever seen (我曾经看过的)可知本空应填形容词的最高级,又excite是指人兴奋,exciting是指某物或某事令人兴奋,one 在本句中指代movie,是某物,故应填exciting的最高级the most exciting来修饰one,故答案为D.12.(1 分) --- There is a beautiful park near your school,? --- Yes. I often go walking there.()A.is thereB.isn't thereC.are thereD.aren't there【解答】答案:B反意疑问句的构成:助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语(代词),前句是肯定,后句用否定;前句是否定,后句用肯定;此题前句是肯定,用的是there is,故选B.13.(1 分)The structure of the sentence"The students visited the museum"is .()A. S+VB. S+V+DOC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【解答】答案:B在此句中,The students是由人充当的主语,visited (visit的过去式)为动词充当的谓语动词,the museum为名词跟在动词后面充当宾语,所以该句子的结构是主语+谓语动词+直接宾语,用缩略语表达即为:S (主语)+V (谓语)+DO (直接宾语).故选:B14.(1 分)---Could you please tell me?---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.()A.where will you goB.how you will go to BeijingC.when you will go to BeijingD.why will you go to Beijing【解答】答案:C.根据Could you please tell me,可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法.在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序,选项AD是疑问句语序,排除掉.再根据next week,可知这里表示的是时间,提问时间的话应该用when.故选C.15.(1 分)--- The women badminton players won the Uber Cup.--- ()A. What a pity!B. With pleasureC. Never mind.D. I'm glad to hear that.【解答】答案:D 根据"The women badminton players won the Uber Cup ."中的won,可知是赢得了比赛,是一件好事.故对方要表示自己对这件事情也感觉很高兴.A选项表示“真可惜";B选项表示“没问题”;C选项表示“不介意”;D选项表示“很高兴听到那个".故选D.二.完形填空16.(15 分)"You don't understand me!"I shouted. Then i ran out of the door and got on a bus. I didn't know (16) A it was going. I just want to get away from home as (17) D as i could.I couldn't (18) C what had just happened to me . My mother, the person i believe in, had just read all of my(19) A from my close friends!It shouldn't havehappened to me. She read my letters and told me not to write to (20) D anymore!I couldn't (21) C the tears from falling when i thought about this.Later that day, i went to my close (22) D house. (23) C my friend gave me a cup of water, the phone rang."It's your mother, "she spoke to me in a low (24) A ."Tell her that i'm not here!"I replied. However my mother heard it. "Tell her not to leave!I'll be right there!"Then she rang up the phone (25) B a goodbye. In fact, i should say that i was a little (26) C i couldn't imagine what would happen.But to my (27) A , when my mother arrived , "sorry"was the first word she(28) B to me. Her (29) D told me that she had been crying and her voicetold me that she was really tired . "will you forgive me ? "at last she asked. I didn't know what to say. I just (30) A her, and gave her a hug (拥抱).She held me so tightly. You know, at that time, i felt so warm. I really love you, Mum!16.A. where B.what C. why D.when17.A. happily B.slowly C. carefully D.quietly18.A. remember B.talk C. believe D.ask19.A. letters B.books C. magazines D.novels20.A. him B.them C. you D.her21.A. make B.think C. stop D.find22.A. classmate's B.relatives C. teacher's D.friend's23.A. Unless B.If C. After D.Since24.A. voice B.sound C. noise D.silence 25.A.during B.without C.to wards D.from26.A.satisfied B.bored C.worried D.interested27.A.surprise B.mind C.body D.heart28.A.told B.said C.asked D.heard29.A.ears B.arms C.hands D.eyes30.A.ran to B.gave in C. went on D.pushed in.【解答】16. A考查疑问词根据it was going联系前句Then I ran out of the door and got on a bus 可知作者是从家里跑出来上了公共汽车,所以这里应该是指不知道去哪里,故用疑问副词where.故选:A17.D考查副词.根据前句"You don't understand me!"I shouted可知作者是在争吵的情况下离开家的,所以心情应该是不平静的,在这种情况下,她坐上了车应该是尽可能的平复心情,所以此处应该用副词4山©由“平静地”,指只想尽可能平静地离开家.故选D18. C 考查动词根据后句My mother, the person I believe in, had just read all of my...from my close friends可知我最信任的妈妈刚刚读了来自于我最亲密的朋友的所有的…,推出上句应该是不能相信刚刚发生的事情,故用动词believe相信.故选:C19.A考查名词.根据后句She read my letters可知这里是指妈妈刚刚读了来自于我最亲密的朋友的所有的信.故用名词letters.故选A20.D考查人称代词.根据下文she spoke to me可知她的朋友是个女生,故用宾格her.故选D21. C 考查动词.根据上句She read my letters and told me not to write to her any more!可知在妈妈读了我的信并告诉我不要再给好朋友写信时,可以想见作者应该是很难过的,所以此处应是指不能阻止眼泪掉下来,所以应该用动词stop"阻止".故选C22.D考查名词所有格用法.根据后句my friend gave me a cup of water可知此处应是指去了亲密朋友的家,故用friend's.故选D23. C 考查连词用法.根据my friend gave me a cup of water, the phone rang. 联系待客常识,可知电话铃声响,应该在朋友给我一杯水之后,所以此处应该是用连词after.故选C 24.A考查固定短语.根据she spoke to me in a low...可知此处应用固定短语in a low voice指"低声地,小声地"对我说.故用名词voice"嗓音".故选A25.B考查介词用法.根据前句妈妈妈的话"Tell her not to leave!I'll be right there!" 可知妈妈很急迫地想赶到作者的朋友家去,所以推出此处应是指没有说再见就挂断了电话,所以此处用介词without,意为"没有".故选:B26.C考查形容词.根据后句I couldn't imagine what would happen.联系妈妈偷看我的信并不允许我再和朋友交往,现在又要急迫地来朋友家,推出这里应该是指不能想象会发生什么,故而有点担心.故用形容词worried"担心的”.故选C27. A 考查固定短语.根据后句when my mother arrived, "sorry"was the first word 可知和作者的担心形成了鲜明的对比,妈妈竟然向作者道歉,所以此处应是表达作者的惊讶之情,故用surprise, to one's surprise为固定短语,,令某人吃惊的是".故选A 28.B考查动词.根据〃sorry〃was the first word she••可知m sorry是妈妈对我说的话,应该用said to me,对我说.故选B29.D考查名词.根据后面she had been crying可知只有从眼睛里才能够看出一个人哭过,所以此处应该用名词eyes.故选D30.A考查固定短语.根据后句and gave her a hug (拥抱)可知此处应该是跑上去给妈妈一个拥抱,以体现作者对她的热爱之情.故用ran to.故选A三、阅读理解(共3小题;每小题两分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.31.(6 分)Cats are animals that live on land. They can be divided into two groups:big cats and small cats. Big cats are the larger animal species. Here are some materials about big cats.Tigers are one of the largest cats. They live inthe forests and marsh areas of South - EastAsia, India, Russia and Southern China. Tigersmostly live alone and mainly hunt atnight. Young tigers leave their mothers at abouttwo years of age.Lions live mostly on the larger grassland of Africa.Unlike tigers, lions are the most social of the big cats. Theylive in family groups and hunt together. There can be up to35lions in a group. They use speed and strength to catchand kill their prey.Leopards live mostly in the forest on the edges of plains inAfrica and Asia. New born leopards only open their eyes after10days. They spend much of the day resting in trees. Theydo most of their hunting at night. They eat almost anyanimal they can catch.31.When do tigers mainly hunt DA.In the morning.B.At noon.C.In the afternoon.D.At night.32.Lions live mostly in. CB.RussiaC.AfricaD.India33.What do leopards often do in the daytime AA.Rest in trees.B.Sleep in caves.C.Look after their babies.D.Hunt small animals.【解答】31. D.细节理解题.根据Tigers mostly live alone and mainly hunt at night 可知老虎主要在晚上觅食,故选择D.32.C.细节理解题.根据Lions live mostly on the larger grassland of Africa 可知狮子主要生活在非洲,故选择C.33.A.细节理解题.根据They spend much of the day resting in trees可知猎豹白天经常在树上休息,故选择A.34.(6 分)Many hundreds of years ago, the moon was a mystery to people on the earth. What was that glowing ball came out at night Why did it keep getting smaller, then larger? Why didn't it fall from the sky Through the ages, people have tried to come up with answers.To the native people of Bolivia, in South American, the moon was a great chief who once lived on the earth. The Abaluyian people of Kenya, in Africa, believe the moon and the sun were brothers who fought in the sky. In other parts of the world, people believed they saw different pictures in the moon. The Haida Indians of Canada saw a woman carrying a bucket. The Chinese saw a road.People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendar. In fact, in some languages, the word for moon meant"month". A Native American nation called the Sioux made a calendar of 13moons, or months. Each moon had a name, such as Moon of Black Cherries, Moon of Green Corn, and Moon of Severe Cold.Though people of the past found the moon was helpful, mysterious and interesting, they didn't know much about it. They only knew what they could see with their own eyes.Then almost 400years age, an Italian acientist named Galileo made a new telescope (望远镜)thatwas more powerful than any telescope made before.Galileo decided to take his new implement to look at the moon . He discovered that the moon was not the smooth, shiny ball. The brighter places were mostly hills and mountains. The flat areas were lower, which is why they appeared darker.As more people saw the moon through telescopes, they discovered more about it. Yet, people still had much to learn about the moon.34.Which name of the moon is NOT mentioned in the passage BA.Moon of Severe Cold.B.Moon of Red Trees.C.Moon of Black Cherries.D.Moon of Green Corn.35.The underlined word"implement"probably means. CA.ideaB.wayC.toolD.habit36.From this passage, we can know that. BA.Thousands of years ago, Galileo used his implement to look at the moonB.People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendarC.People discovered that the darker areas in moon were hills and mountainsD.The native people of Bolivia thought that the moon and the sun were sisters.【解答】34.答案:B细节理解题根据原文中的Each moon had a name, such as Moon of Black Cherries, Moon of Green Corn, and Moon of Severe Cold. 可知选项B中的Moon of Red Trees没有在短文中提到.故选B35.答案:C 词义猜测题联系上文an Italian acientist named Galileo made a new telescope (望远镜)that was more powerful than any telescope made before''一® 名叫伽利略的科学家发明了一种新型的望远镜,这种望远镜比以前任何望远镜都要强大“,推测本句表达的意思是“伽利略决定带上他的新工具观测月球",所以implement的意思是"工具",故选C36.答案:B 细节理解题根据原文中的People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendar"古代人还使用月球作为一种日历来标记时间"判断选项B正确,其他三个选项,选项A根据原文中的"Then almost 400years ago, an Italian acientist named Galileo made a newtelescope 大约400 年前,一位名叫伽利略的科学家发明了一种新型的望远镜,"判断是错误的;选项C,根据原文中的“The brighter places were mostly hills and mountains.亮度大的地方几乎全是山"判断错误;选项D,根据原文中的"To the native people of Bolivia, in South American, the moon was a great chief who once lived on the earth.对于南美洲玻利维亚的原住民来说,月球曾是住在地球上的一个首领“可知推断错误,故选B37.(8 分)"Neville is my brother, "Sir Henry continued , "about five years ago , my brother and I quarreled, Soon after this, our father died. I am the elder son , and I got everything. I wanted my brother to apologize to me. He didn't , and so I gave him nothing. With the little money he had , he left England for South Africa. I wrote to him several times , but I received no replies. Perhaps , he never got my letters. I don't know. But as time passed , I worried more and more about him.""Mr. Quatemain , will you please tell me everything you know about him?""Very well , "I said , "but you will be the first person to whom I have told what I know. "Your brother wanted to find King Solomon's Mince . That is why he felt for Inyati""King Solomon's Mines!"Sir Henry screamed . "I have never heard of it . where are they?""There is a tale about them . "I will tell you what I know if you promise to keep it secret "I said."You have our promise. "Sir Henry said."An elephant hunter. Evans , told me the tale . "I said , "he told me there was a destroyed city northwest of the Solomon Mountain , and Solomon had his diamondmines there "Then one evening a Portuguese (葡萄牙人).Jose Silvester, came to my camp and asked to stay the night. The next day he said. ‘When we meet again. I shall be the richest man in the world." "A week or more passed , Jose Silvester came back but he was ill badly . I took him into my tent. The next morning when I awoke. He was looking at the mountains. ‘There it is!'he cried, ‘but I shall never get there. I am dying'"."He took out an old map to me , 'This map has been in my family for hundreds of years, 'he said, 'it will make you the richest in the world. 'Then he died."I took the map out of my pocket and passed to Sir Henry. Sir Henry read the writing:"Fam Silverter. I am in a cave north of the mountain. I am dying of hunger. With my own eyes I have seen the diamonds in Solomon's treasure cave behind the white Death. If you do find it, you will be a rich man!"I took back the map and put it in my pocket."It is an amazing story. "Sir Henry said."Yes. "I said. "But I have not invented it. "I stood up and left angrily. I thought they were doubting my。
江苏省宿迁市中考化学试卷(含答案)

2016年江苏省宿迁市中考化学试卷一、选择题(共10小题,每小题1分,满分15分)1.(1分)(2016•宿迁)下列变化属于化学变化的是()A.汽油挥发 B.食物腐败 C.滴水成冰 D.干冰升华2.(1分)(2016•宿迁)下列实验操作正确的是()A.稀释浓硫酸时,将水沿烧杯内壁缓慢注入浓硫酸中B.测定未知溶液的酸碱度时,将pH试纸直接伸到待测溶液中C.实验室制取气体时,先检查装置的气密性,然后再装入药品D.用胶头滴管取用液体药品时,先将其伸入液体内,然后挤压胶头取液3.(1分)(2016•宿迁)下列关于四种粒子的结构示意图的说法正确的是()A.②表示的微粒在化学变化中易失去两个电子形成阳离子B.①和③属于不同种元素C.②和③对应的元素组成的化合物化学式为MgO2D.④对应的元素属于金属元素4.(1分)(2016•宿迁)下列说法正确的是()A.化学反应前后分子的总数可能会发生变化B.燃烧都伴随着发光、放热,所以有发光、放热现象的一定是燃烧C.化合物至少由两种元素组成,所以由两种元素组成的物质一定是化合物D.用水灭火的原理是降低了可燃物的着火点5.(1分)(2016•宿迁)下列有关角鲨烯(C30H50)的组成或构成的叙述中,不正确的是()A.角鲨烯是由碳、氢两种元素组成的B.角鲨烯是由角鲨烯分子构成的C.角鲨烯分子中碳原子和氢原子的原子个数比为3:5D.角鲨烯中氢元素的质量分数为62.5%6.(2分)(2016•宿迁)将下列各组物质放入烧杯中,加入适量水搅拌,待充分反应后过滤,在滤纸上留下两种金属的是()A.Zn、NaCl、CuCl2(过量)B.Fe(过量)、Cu(NO3)2、AgNO3C.Fe(过量)、KNO3、CuCl2D.Cu(过量)、FeCl2、HCl7.(2分)(2016•宿迁)下列有关水或溶液的说法正确的是()A.用直流电电解水,发现负极与正极上得到的气体体积比约为2:1B.自来水厂的净水过程中,加入明矾的作用是杀菌消毒C.为了节约用水,可以用工业废水直接浇灌农田D.均一、稳定的液体一定是溶液8.(2分)(2016•宿迁)某些金属氢化物与水反应可生成碱和氢气,如CaH2+2H2O═Ca(OH)2+2H2↑,NaH与CaH2的化学性质相似,则将NaH放入足量的稀盐酸中,生成的新物质为()A.NaOH和H2B.NaOH和NaCl C.NaOH、H2和NaCl D.NaCl和H2A.化学反应基本类型①化合反应:4P+5O22P2O5②分解反应:H2CO3═H2O+CO2↑③置换反应:3CO+Fe2O32Fe+CO2②料③C.对鉴别方法的认识A.A B.B C.C D.D10.(2分)(2016•宿迁)如图是甲、乙、丙三种固体物质(均不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线,下列说法正确的是()A.t1℃时,乙、丙两种物质的溶液中溶质质量分数一定相等B.将t2℃时甲、乙、丙的饱和溶液分解升温至t3℃,所得溶液的溶质质量分数由大到小的顺序是:乙>甲>丙C.t4℃时,将等质量的甲、乙、丙三种固体分别配制成饱和溶液,需加水质量最多的是甲D.甲中混有少量乙时,应采用蒸发结晶的方法提纯甲二、解答题(共3小题,满分10分)11.(4分)(2016•宿迁)现有H、C、O、S、Cu、Ca六种元素,请从中选择适当的元素组成符合要求的物质,并按要求填空:(1)甲为碳不充分燃烧的生成物,写出甲物质的化学式;(2)乙为最简单的有机物,写出乙物质在空气中燃烧的化学方程式;(3)丙的水溶液为蓝色,写出丙物质溶于水解离出的阴离子的离子符号;(4)丁为生石灰的主要成分,标出丁物质中显正价元素的化合价.12.(3分)(2016•宿迁)从化学的视角认识生活中的有关问题:(1)下列食物中,能为人体提供大量维生素的是(填序号);A.青菜B.牛肉C.大米D.植物油(2)硬水有很多危害,实验室中常用来区分硬水和软水;(3)铁制品易生锈,常用稀盐酸来除锈,将生锈铁钉放入稀盐酸中,开始时观察到的实验现象是.13.(3分)(2016•宿迁)燃煤产生的烟气中含有二氧化硫,二氧化硫会形成酸雨污染环境,科研小组设计利用海水除去二氧化硫,气工艺流程如下:请回答下列问题:(1)二氧化硫中硫、氧元素的质量比m(S):m(O)=;(2)亚硫酸(H2SO3)能被空气中的氧气氧化为硫酸,写出反应的化学方程式.(3)用熟石灰中和稀硫酸是利用了熟石灰的(填字母序号)A.酸性B.碱性C.氧化性.三、解答题(共2小题,满分11分)14.(4分)(2016•宿迁)如图为实验室常见的气体制备、收集等装置,按要求填空.(1)写出A图中标号①仪器的名称;(2)实验室制取二氧化碳的化学方程式为,用D装置验证二氧化碳能与水反应生成一种酸性物质,D中应盛放试液(填物质名称);(3)实验室常用块状硫化亚铁固体和稀硫酸在常温下反应制取硫化氢,硫化氢(H2S)是一种有毒气体,密度比空气大,能溶于水形成氢硫酸,实验室中常用NaOH溶液来吸收有毒的硫化氢气体,若要制取并收集一瓶硫化氢气体,选择的装置中导管的连接顺序为(填写导管口标注的字母符号)15.(7分)(2016•宿迁)某兴趣小组同学欲探究NaOH溶液与CO2气体的反应,设计如图所示实验装置:(1)若导管a与b连接,将分液漏斗中的NaOH溶液注入锥形瓶,关闭分液漏斗上的活塞,振荡,然后打开导管上的活塞,观察到的实验现象是,CO2与NaOH反应的化学方程式是;(2)探究反应后锥形瓶内溶液中溶质的成分:已知Na2CO3+H2O+CO2═2NaHCO3NaHCO3+NaOH═Na2CO3+H2O【提出猜想】Ⅰ.NaOH和Na2CO3;Ⅱ.;Ⅲ.NaHCO3;Ⅳ.Na2CO3和NaHCO3.【查阅资料】①Ca(OH)2与Na2CO3、NaHCO3均能反应且有白色沉淀生成;②CaCl2与Na2CO3能反应且有白色沉淀生成,与NaHCO3不反应;③NaHCO3溶液显碱性,可与酸反应生成CO2气体.2,所以实验室中的氢氧化钠溶液应保存.四、解答题(共1小题,满分4分)16.(4分)(2016•宿迁)化学兴趣小组对某工业废水(溶质为HCl、NaCl)中的HCl含量进行测定,甲、乙两位同学各提供不同的测定方法:(1)甲同学:酸碱中和法取50g废水于烧杯中,逐滴滴入溶质质量分数为10%的NaOH溶液,反应过程中溶液的pH 变化如图所示,求废水中HCl的质量分数(写出详细的计算过程).(2)乙同学:沉淀法改用AgNO3溶液代替NaOH溶液,根据生成沉淀的质量来确定废水中HCl的质量分数,你认为结果将(填“偏大”“偏小”或“无影响”)2016年江苏省宿迁市中考化学试卷参考答案一、选择题1.B2.C3.A4.A5.D6.C7.A8.D9.B10.B二、解答题11.(1)CO;(2)CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O;(3)SO42﹣;(4)O;12.(1)A(2)肥皂水;(3)铁锈溶解,溶液由无色变成了黄色.13.(1)1:1;(2)2H2SO3+O2═2H2SO4.(3)B.三、解答题14.(1)铁架台;(2)CaCO3+2HCl═CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑;石蕊;(3)bcdg.15.(1)烧杯内的水流入锥形瓶中,2NaOH+CO2═Na2CO3+H2O;(2)【提出猜想】Na2CO3;四、解答题16.(1)设废水中氯化氢的质量为xHCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O36.5 40x 40g×10%=4g解得:x=3.65g废水中HCl的质量分数:=7.3%;答:废水中HCl的质量分数为7.3%;(2)硝酸银溶液可以和盐酸反应生成氯化银沉淀,也可以和氯化钠溶液反应生成氯化银沉淀,所以会导致测定结果偏高.故填:偏高.。
2016年宿迁中考语文试题及答案

江苏省宿迁市2016年中考语文试卷(满分:120分考试时间:150分钟)第一部分(20分)一、语言积累与运用(20分)1.读语段,给加点字注音或根据拼音写出汉字(依次填写)。
(3分)童年是沾露的花蕾.(),青春是喷薄的朝阳,它们是人生中最làn()漫的两个时空,人生最诗意的元素和最qǐ()丽的风光都寄寓其中。
2.下面一段话中有三处语病,请找出来并写出修改意见。
(3分)①在第45个世界环境日到来之际,某市开展了以“既要‘金山银山,,也要‘绿水青山’”为主题的环保会议。
②会上通报了大约10个左右排污超标的企业。
③有关部门责令这些企业立即进行整改并停止破坏行为。
(1)第句,修改意见:(2)第句,修改意见:(3)第句,修改意见:3.默写古诗文。
(8分)(1)烽火连三月,。
(2)沉舟侧畔千帆过,。
(刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》)(3)。
西北望,射天狼。
(苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》)(4)山重水复疑无路,。
(陆游《游山西村》)(5),无欲则刚。
(6),下自成蹊。
(7)春冬之时,则,。
(郦道元《三峡》)4.综合性学习。
(6分)学校正在开展“手机悄然影响生活”的语文实践系列活动,请你参与并完成相关任务。
(1)活动一漫画手机学校组织了一次漫画比赛,要求用漫画的形式表现手机对生活的影响。
右侧漫画是一幅获奖作品。
请用简明的语言说出漫画反映的社会现象。
(2分)(2)活动二他山之石活动中大家就校园手机管理问题搜集了大量资料,认为以下两所高校的做法值得借鉴,请你分别指出其值得借鉴之处。
(每空不超过12字)(2分)①北京某高校在教室门口放收纳袋,要求学生把手机放进收纳袋之后,再到座位上学习。
此举已取得一定成效,校园里出现了“不做‘低头族,,专心把书读”的新气象。
②浙江某学院开设了“云班课”,在全校范围内开通免费wifi,鼓励学生用手机签到、听课、答题,充分调动了学生的学习积极性,课堂效率大为提高。
①②(3)活动三愈辩愈明学校组织了一次“中学生有没有必要带手机进校园”的辩论赛,正方认为“有必要”,反方认为“没必要”。
江苏省宿迁市2016年中考英语试题(word版)

2016年宿迁市中考试卷(总分:85分)第一卷选择题(共50分)一.单项选择1.---Have you read a book called “The Merchant of Venice”?---Yes. _______ book is very interesting.A.AnB. AC.TheD./2.The 31st Olympic Games will take place _______August 5, 2016.A.atB. ofC.inD.on3.Which sign of the following means “No Smoking”?A. B. C. D.4.---Do you know whose iPhone6s this is?---Let me see. Oh, it’s _______.A.hersB.herC.himD.their5.I can’t go with you. I _______stay at home until my parents come back.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could6.---_______ is it from Suqian to Jiuzhai valley?---About 1,200 kilometers away. But I’m not sure.A.How oftenB.How soonC.How longD. How far7.When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his _______ and felt afraid.A.taskB.workC.wayD.job8.Wearing white can help people _______when they feel stressed.A.calm downB.write downC.break downD.turn down9.---Did you watch the China’s Military Parade on TV?---Yes. _______ great it was!A.HowB.WhatC.How aD. What a10.---What do you think of the movie Zootopia?---It is _______one I’ve ever seen.A.more excitedB.more excitingC.the most excitedD.the most exciting12.---There is a beautiful park near your school, _______?---Yes. I often go walking there.A.is thereB.isn’t thereC.are thereD.aren’t there13.The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum” is _______.A.S+VB. S+V+DOC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC14.---could you please tell me _______?---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.A.where will you goB.how you will go to BeijingC.when you will go to BeijingD.why will you go to Beijing15.---The women badminton players won the Uber Cup.---_______A.What a pity!B. With pleasureC.Never mind.D.I’m glad to hear that.二.完形填空“You don’t understand me!” I shouted. Then i ran out of the door and got on a bus. I didn’t know ___16____ it was going. I just want to get away from home as ___17____ as i could.I couldn’t ___18____ what had just hap pened to me. My mother, the person i believe in, had just read all of my ___19____ from my close friends! It shouldn’t have happened to me. She read my letters and told me not to write to ___20____any more! I couldn’t __21_____ the tears from falling when i thought about this.Later that day, i went to my close ____22___ house. ___23____ my friend gave me a cup of water, the phone rang.“It’s your mother,” she spoke to me in a low ____24___.“Tell her that i’m not here!” I replied. However my mother heard it. “Tell her not to leave! I’ll be right there!”Then she rang up the phone ____25___ a goodbye. In fact, i should say that i was a little ____26___i couldn’t imagine what would happen.But to my ___27____, when my mother arrived, “sorry” was the first word she ___28____ to me. Her ___29____ told me that she had been crying and her voice told me that she was really tired. “will you forgive me?” at last she asked. I didn’t know what to say. I just __30_____ her, and gave her a hug(拥抱).She held me so tightly. You know, at that time, i felt so warm. I really love you, Mum!16.A.where B.what C.why D.when17.A.happily B.slowly C.carefully D.quietly18.A.remember B.talk C.believe D.ask19.A.letters B.books C.magazines D.novels20.A.him B.them C.you D.her21.A.make B.think C.stop D.find22.A.classmate’s B.relatives C.teacher’s D.friend’s23.A.Unless B.If C.After D.Since24.A.voice B.sound C.noise D.silence25.A.during B.without C.towards D.from26.A.satisfied B.bored C.worried D.interested27.A.surprise B.mind C.body D.heart28.A.told B.said C.asked D.heard29.A.ears B.arms C.hands D.eyes30.A.ran to B.gave in C.went on D.pushed in三、阅读理解(共10小题;每小题两分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
江苏省宿迁市2016年中考物理试卷及参考答案
(1) 请你用笔画线代替导线,将图中的实物电路连接完整,要求滑片P向B端移动时电路中电流变大.
(2) 实验过程中,使用不同定值电阻进行探究时,调节滑动变阻器的阻值,使电阻R两端电压保持不变,这种方法是
(填字母编号);
A . 转换法 B . 控制变量法 C . 等效替代法 (3) 某次实验中,连接好电路,闭合开关时,发现电流表示数几乎为零,电压表示数月3V,调节滑动变阻器的阻值 ,两电表示数均无明显变化,电路故障原因可能是________;
实验误差的是( ) A . 在“测量定值电阻的阻值”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值 B . 在“测量小灯泡的电功率”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值
C . 在“探究某种物质的质量与体积关系”时,测量多组对应的质量和体积 D . 在“探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”时,测量多组
对应的电流和电压值
10. 甲、乙两小车同时同地沿同一直线匀速直线运动,它们的s﹣t图象分别如图所示,根据图象分析可知( )
G/N
1
2
3
4
5
6
F/N
0.7
1.2
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2
分析表中数据可知,拉力F与重力G的关系式是:F=________;动滑轮重为________N;随着物重的增加,动滑轮的 机械效率变________.
17. 如图,是宿迁市区一交通道路上使用的风光互补LED路灯外形图和电路原理图,该电路中两只LED灯是并联的,灯 上标有“24V 60W”字样.则两个LED灯正常发光时,通过光控开关S的电流为________A;如果用这种路灯替换发光亮度 相同的420瓦的传统路灯,那么500套风光互补路灯每天工作10小时可节约电能________J.
2016年江苏省宿迁市中考化学试卷含答案
2016年江苏省宿迁市中考化学试卷一、选择题(共10小题,每小题1分,满分15分)1.(1分)(2016?宿迁)下列变化属于化学变化的是()A.汽油挥发B.食物腐败C.滴水成冰D.干冰升华2.(1分)(2016?宿迁)下列实验操作正确的是()A.稀释浓硫酸时,将水沿烧杯内壁缓慢注入浓硫酸中B.测定未知溶液的酸碱度时,将pH试纸直接伸到待测溶液中C.实验室制取气体时,先检查装置的气密性,然后再装入药品D.用胶头滴管取用液体药品时,先将其伸入液体内,然后挤压胶头取液3.(1分)(2016?宿迁)下列关于四种粒子的结构示意图的说法正确的是()②表示的微粒在化学变化中易失去两个电子形成阳离子A.③属于不同种元素.①和B 对应的元素组成的化合物化学式为MgO②和③C.2对应的元素属于金属元素④D.)宿迁)下列说法正确的是((1分)(2016?4..化学反应前后分子的总数可能会发生变化A .燃烧都伴随着发光、放热,所以有发光、放热现象的一定是燃烧B .化合物至少由两种元素组成,所以由两种元素组成的物质一定是化合物C .用水灭火的原理是降低了可燃物的着火点D )H)的组成或构成的叙述中,不正确的是(分).(1(2016?宿迁)下列有关角鲨烯(C55030.角鲨烯是由碳、氢两种元素组成的A .角鲨烯是由角鲨烯分子构成的B5 :.角鲨烯分子中碳原子和氢原子的原子个数比为3C62.5% .角鲨烯中氢元素的质量分数为D待充分反应后过滤,将下列各组物质放入烧杯中,加入适量水搅拌,(2016?宿迁)6.(2分))在滤纸上留下两种金属的是(AgNONO)、、B.Fe(过量)Cu(CuClA.Zn、NaCl、(过量)3232HCl 、、FeCl D.Cu(过量)KNOC.Fe(过量)、、CuCl232)2016?宿迁)下列有关水或溶液的说法正确的是(.7(2分)(1 2:A.用直流电电解水,发现负极与正极上得到的气体体积比约为.自来水厂的净水过程中,加入明矾的作用是杀菌消毒B .为了节约用水,可以用工业废水直接浇灌农田C .均一、稳定的液体一定是溶液D)OH═Ca(O如2016(.2分)(?宿迁)某些金属氢化物与水反应可生成碱和氢气,CaH+2H822放入足量的稀盐酸中,生成的新物质为的化学性质相似,则将与CaHNaHNaH↑+2H,222)(.A.NaOH和H B.NaOH和NaCl 2C.NaOH、H和NaCl D.NaCl和H 229.(2分)(2016?宿迁)下列归纳和总结完全正确的一组是()A.化学反应基本类型B.化学反应中常见的“三”煤、石油、天然气﹣三大化石燃料①O4P+5O2P ①化合反应:522合成橡胶﹣三大合成材合成纤维、②塑料、料↑HO+CO分解反应:HCO═②2322离子﹣构成物质的三种粒子③分子、原子、2Fe+CO③置换反应:3CO+FeO223.化学与生活.对鉴别方法的认识 D C 用甲醛水溶液浸泡水产品防腐①区分氮气和氧气﹣伸入带火星的木条①易患坏血病②缺乏维生素C②区分棉纤维和羊毛纤维﹣点燃后闻气味自行车支架喷油器防锈区分硫酸铵和氯化铵﹣加熟石灰粉末研磨③③D ..C DA.A B.B C 宿迁)如图是甲、乙、丙三种固体物质(均不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线,2016分)(?10.(2)下列说法正确的是(℃时,乙、丙两种物质的溶液中溶质质量分数一定相等A.t1,所得溶液的溶质质量分数由大到小的t℃B.将t℃时甲、乙、丙的饱和溶液分解升温至32顺序是:乙>甲>丙℃时,将等质量的甲、乙、丙三种固体分别配制成饱和溶液,需加水质量最多的是甲C.t4.甲中混有少量乙时,应采用蒸发结晶的方法提纯甲D 分)二、解答题(共3小题,满分10六种元素,请从中选择适当的元素组CaS、Cu、2016?宿迁)现有H、C、O、(11.(4分)成符合要求的物质,并按要求填空:;(1)甲为碳不充分燃烧的生成物,写出甲物质的化学式;)乙为最简单的有机物,写出乙物质在空气中燃烧的化学方程式(2;3)丙的水溶液为蓝色,写出丙物质溶于水解离出的阴离子的离子符号(.)丁为生石灰的主要成分,标出丁物质中显正价元素的化合价(4宿迁)从化学的视角认识生活中的有关问题:3分)(2016?12.((填序号);(1)下列食物中,能为人体提供大量维生素的是D.植物油.牛肉C.大米A.青菜B 来区分硬水和软水;(2)硬水有很多危害,实验室中常用)铁制品易生锈,常用稀盐酸来除锈,将生锈铁钉放入稀盐酸中,开始时观察到的实验(3 .现象是二氧化硫会形成酸雨污染环境,?(3.13(分)2016宿迁)燃煤产生的烟气中含有二氧化硫,科研小组设计利用海水除去二氧化硫,气工艺流程如下:请回答下列问题:;)=1)二氧化硫中硫、氧元素的质量比m(S):m(O(.写出反应的化学方程式(2)亚硫酸(HSO)能被空气中的氧气氧化为硫酸,32(填字母序号))用熟石灰中和稀硫酸是利用了熟石灰的(3.氧化性.CB.碱性A.酸性分)小题,满分11三、解答题(共2宿迁)如图为实验室常见的气体制备、收集等装置,按要求填2016?分).(4(14空.;1)写出A图中标号①仪器的名称(装置验证二氧化碳能与水反D,用(2)实验室制取二氧化碳的化学方程式为;试液(填物质名称)应生成一种酸性物质,D中应盛放)是S3)实验室常用块状硫化亚铁固体和稀硫酸在常温下反应制取硫化氢,硫化氢(H(2溶液来吸收有NaOH一种有毒气体,密度比空气大,能溶于水形成氢硫酸,实验室中常用毒的硫化氢气体,若要制取并收集一瓶硫化氢气体,选择的装置中导管的连接顺序为(填写导管口标注的字母符号)气体的反应,设计如图NaOH溶液与CO7分)(2016?宿迁)某兴趣小组同学欲探究15.(2所示实验装置:关闭分液漏斗上的活塞,将分液漏斗中的NaOH溶液注入锥形瓶,若导管a与b连接,(1)反应的与NaOH,CO振荡,然后打开导管上的活塞,观察到的实验现象是2;化学方程式是2)探究反应后锥形瓶内溶液中溶质的成分:(2NaHCOCONa+HO+CO═已知32322O+H+NaOH═NaCONaHCO2233;.;ⅡNaOH【提出猜想】Ⅰ.和NaCO32NaHCOⅢ.NaHCO..;ⅣNaCO和3233均能反应且有白色沉淀生成;NaCO、NaHCO与【查阅资料】①Ca(OH)3232能反应且有白色沉淀生成,与NaHCO不反应;CO②CaCl与Na3232 CO 气体.③NaHCO溶液显碱性,可与酸反应生成23溶液、稀盐酸、酚酞试液.OH)溶液、CaCl【设计实验】限选试剂:Ca(22实验操作实验现象实验结论不成立Ⅲ猜想产生白色沉淀.取少量反应后溶液于试管中,加入1足量的振荡2.将操作Ⅰ所得混合物过滤,向滤液猜想Ⅳ成立中加入足量的,振荡【拓展应用】联想到空气中有CO,所以实验室中的氢氧化钠溶液应保存.2分)小题,满分4四、解答题(共1含量)中的HCl宿迁)化学兴趣小组对某工业废水(溶质为?HCl、NaCl16.(4分)(2016 进行测定,甲、乙两位同学各提供不同的测定方法:1)甲同学:酸碱中和法(pH溶液,反应过程中溶液的10%废水于烧杯中,逐滴滴入溶质质量分数为的NaOH取50g .变化如图所示,求废水中HCl的质量分数(写出详细的计算过程))乙同学:沉淀法(2的质量分数,你溶液,根据生成沉淀的质量来确定废水中HCl溶液代替改用AgNONaOH3)“或无影响”””““认为结果将(填偏大偏小2016年江苏省宿迁市中考化学试卷参考答案一、选择题1.B2.C3.A4.A5.D6.C7.A8.D9.B10.B二、解答题11.2﹣O;(4)SO)CH+2OCO+2HO;(3);((1)CO;242422 12.A1)(2)肥皂水;(3)铁锈溶解,溶液由无色变成了黄色.(.13 ;)11:1(.+O═2HSO (2)2HSO42223.3)B(三、解答题.14 (1)铁架台;↑;石蕊;O+CO)CaCO+2HCl═CaCl+H(22322 bcdg.(3)15.;NaCO+HO)烧杯内的水流入锥形瓶中,(12NaOH+CO═2232 NaCO;【提出猜想】(2)32【设计实验】实验结论实验操作实验现象.氯化钙产生白色沉淀1 .稀盐酸 2 有气泡产生【拓展应用】密封.四、解答题16.x )设废水中氯化氢的质量为(1OHCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2.36.5 40x 40g×10%=4g解得:x=3.65g=7.3%;废水中HCl的质量分数:的质量分数为HCl7.3%;答:废水中)硝酸银溶液可以和盐酸反应生成氯化银沉淀,也可以和氯化钠溶液反应生成氯化银沉2(淀,所以会导致测定结果偏高.故填:偏高.。
2016年江苏省宿迁市中考物理试卷
2016年江苏省宿迁市中考物理试卷一、选择题:每小题只有一个选项是正确的.第1-5小题每小题1分,6-10小题每小题1分,共15分.1.(1分)《宿迁文明二十条》中第七条是“公共场所不大声喧哗”,其中“大声”是指声音的()A.频率B.响度C.音调D.音色2.(1分)下列光现象与日食的形成原因不同的是()A.小孔成像B.水中倒影C.手影游戏D.树下阴影3.(1分)关于所示图片的说法正确的是()A.草叶上的露是液化现象,需要放出热量B.山峰间的雾是汽化现象,需要吸收热量C.树枝上的霜是凝固现象,需要放出热量D.冬天冰冻衣服晾干是凝华现象,需要吸收热量4.(1分)如图,给试管里的水加热,水沸腾后,水蒸气推动橡皮塞冲出试管口,这个过程与四冲程汽油机的哪一个冲程中的能量转化是相同的()A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程5.(1分)关于粒子和宇宙的说法正确的是()A.汤姆生发现了电子,卢瑟福建立了原子的核式结构模型B.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构系统,恒星是绝对不动的C.雪花漫天飞舞,说明分子在做无规则运动D.水和酒精混合后总体积变小,说明分子间存在引力6.(2分)对下列体育运动中的现象分析正确的是()A.乒乓球被扣杀飞向对方,是因为受到了惯性的作用B.篮球从空中落下,此过程中它的动能转化为重力势能C.用脚踢足球时,脚有疼痛感,说明力的作用是相互的D.将排球竖直向上抛出,到最高点时速度为零,此时排球处于平衡状态7.(2分)关于电动机和发电机的说法正确的是()A.电动机是根据电磁感应现象制成的,是将电能转化为机械能的装置B.发电机是根据电流的磁效应制成的,是将机械能转化为电能的装置C.电动机的转动方向只与磁场方向有关,与其它因素无关D.发电机产生的感应电流的方向跟线圈转动方向有关,跟磁场方向也有关8.(2分)如图,碗可以漂浮在水面上,也可以沉入水底,下列说法正确的是()A.碗沉入水底时比漂浮在水面上时重力变大了B.碗沉入水底时受到的浮力等于它的重力C.碗沉入水底时比漂浮时所受的浮力变大了D.碗沉入水底时容器底部受到水的压强变小了9.(2分)在物理实验中,对物理量有时要进行多次测量,有的是为了减小误差,有的是为了寻找普遍规律,下列是为了减少实验误差的是()A.在“测量定值电阻的阻值”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值B.在“测量小灯泡的电功率”时,测量多组对应的电压和电流值C.在“探究某种物质的质量与体积关系”时,测量多组对应的质量和体积D.在“探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”时,测量多组对应的电流和电压值10.(2分)甲、乙两小车同时同地沿同一直线匀速直线运动,它们的s﹣t图象分别如图所示,根据图象分析可知()A.v甲=0.6m/s,v乙=0.4m/s B.经过6s两小车一定相距6.0mC.经过6s两小车一定相距4.8m D.经过6s两小车可能相距2.4m二、填空题:每空1分,共16分.11.(2分)图甲中物体的长度为cm;图乙中天平所测物体质量为g.12.(2分)家用白炽灯正常工作时,其两端的电压为V;白炽灯与电视机之间连接方式是(选填“并联”或“串联”).13.(2分)小明骑自行车上学途中,如果以他骑的自行车为参照物,路旁的树是(选填“运动”或“静止”)的.为了减小车速,要捏紧车闸,这是通过的方法增大摩擦.14.(3分)一边长为10cm的实心立方体金属块的质量为2.7kg,它的密度是kg/m3;当把它放在水平地面上时,对地面的压强是Pa,用弹簧测力计挂着金属块,让它全部浸没在水中时,弹簧测力计的示数是17N,则金属块受到的浮力大小为N.(g取10N/kg)15.(2分)在高速铁路上,一列车以324km/h的速度在平直轨道上匀速行驶50km,若列车的牵引力为105N,通过这段路程牵引力所做的功为J,功率为W.16.(3分)如图,小明在用动滑轮(不计绳重和摩擦)匀速提升不同重物时,记录下了在绳子自由端使用的拉力F与对应所提升的物体重力G,如表:分析表中数据可知,拉力F与重力G的关系式是:F=;动滑轮重为N;随着物重的增加,动滑轮的机械效率变.17.(2分)如图,是宿迁市区一交通道路上使用的风光互补LED路灯外形图和电路原理图,该电路中两只LED灯是并联的,灯上标有“24V 60W”字样.则两个LED灯正常发光时,通过光控开关S的电流为A;如果用这种路灯替换发光亮度相同的420瓦的传统路灯,那么500套风光互补路灯每天工作10小时可节约电能J.三、作图、计算题:19、20题应写出解答过程.18.(2分)如图,一木块A沿斜面匀速下滑,请作出木块受到的重力和斜面对它的滑动摩擦力的示意图.19.(2分)如图,根据磁感线的方向,标出小磁针的N、S极,并在电源两端括号内标上电源正、负极.20.(4分)某太阳能热水器中装有40kg的水,阳光照射一段时间后,水温从10℃=4.2×103J/(kg•℃).求:升高到60℃,已知C水(1)热水器中的是所吸收的热量;(2)如果水吸收的热量用天然气来提供,需要完全燃烧多少立方米的天然气?(天然气的热值为8.4×107J/m3,假设天然气完全燃烧放出的热量全部被水吸收)21.(6分)如图所示电路,R1=20Ω,R2=10Ω,电源电压保持不变,当S1闭合,S2、S3断开时,电流表的示数为0.6A.(1)求电源电压;(2)当S2断开,S1、S3闭合时,求电流表的示数;(3)电路如何连接时,电路消耗的电功率最小?并求出该最小值.四、实验、探究题:共15分,22.(3分)小明在做“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中:(1)为了粗测凸透镜的焦距,小明上午上课前,将凸透镜与水平地面平行放置,让太阳光照射到凸透镜上,调节凸透镜到地面的距离,直至地面上出现一个最小的亮点,小明认为此点到光心的距离,就是凸透镜的焦距,小强却说,这个距离不是凸透镜的焦距,其理由是.(2)实验过程中,在图示位置,烛焰恰好在光屏上成清晰的像,这与(选填“放大镜”、“投影仪”或“照相机”)的成像原理相同.若将蜡烛向右移动10cm,调整光屏位置再次成清晰的像,此时像的大小比原来的像要.23.(3分)如图甲,是“探究某种固体物质熔化特点”的实验装置,图乙是根据实验数据描绘出的该物质在熔化过程中温度随时间变化的图象.(1)实验中,用烧杯中的热水加热试管中固体物质,好处是;由图乙可知,该物质是(选填“晶体”或“非晶体”).(2)图乙中,该物质在t1时具有的内能(选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)在t2时的内能.24.(4分)小明在“探究杠杆的平衡条件”实验中,所用的器材有:杠杆、支架、弹簧测力计、刻度尺、细线和质量相同的钩码若干个.(1)实验前,将杠杆中点置于支架上,调节平衡螺母,使杠杆水平平衡;实验中,使杠杆在水平位置平衡,这样做的好处是便于在杠杆上直接测量.(2)实验过程中,将钩码悬挂于图中A点,保持阻力、阻力臂不变,在支点O 右侧不同位置,用弹簧测力计施加竖直向下的拉力(动力),使杠杆水平平衡,测出每一组动力臂L1和对应的动力F1,并记录在表中.请根据表中数据,在坐标系中绘制出L1与F1的图象,根据图象中实验数据可知,当L1为0.6m时,F1为N.(3)实验中小明发现,保持杠杆处于水平平衡,当弹簧测力计的拉力方向偏离竖直方向时,弹簧测力计的拉力会变大,原因是.25.(5分)在做“探究导体中电流跟电阻的关系”的实验中,实验器材有:学生电源(3V不变),电流表、电压表、定值电阻四只(5Ω、10Ω、20Ω、25Ω各一只),滑动变阻器M(10Ω 1A),滑动变阻器N(20Ω 1A),开关、导线若干.(1)请你用笔画线代替导线,将图中的实物电路连接完整,要求滑片P向B端移动时电路中电流变大.(2)实验过程中,使用不同定值电阻进行探究时,调节滑动变阻器的阻值,使电阻R两端电压保持不变,这种方法是(填字母编号);A.转换法B.控制变量法C.等效替代法(3)某次实验中,连接好电路,闭合开关时,发现电流表示数几乎为零,电压表示数约3V,调节滑动变阻器的阻值,两电表示数均无明显变化,电路故障原因可能是;(4)排除故障后,更换不同定值电阻进行了实验,记录实验数据如表:分析表中数据可得到的结论是:;(5)实验中选择的滑动变阻器应是(选填“M”或“N”).2016年江苏省宿迁市中考物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:每小题只有一个选项是正确的.第1-5小题每小题1分,6-10小题每小题1分,共15分.1.(1分)《宿迁文明二十条》中第七条是“公共场所不大声喧哗”,其中“大声”是指声音的()A.频率B.响度C.音调D.音色【解答】解:在公共场所不大声喧哗,这里的“大声”是指声音的响度大.故“大声”指的响度.故选B.2.(1分)下列光现象与日食的形成原因不同的是()A.小孔成像B.水中倒影C.手影游戏D.树下阴影【解答】解:日食是光的直线传播形成的;小孔成像、手影游戏和树下阴影也是光的直线传播形成的;平静的水面相当于平面镜,水中的倒影属于平面镜成像,是由于光的反射形成的。
江苏省宿迁市2016年中考数学试卷(含答案)
江苏省宿迁市2016年中考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,有且仅有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置上)1.﹣2的绝对值是()A.﹣2 B.﹣C.D.2【解析】计算绝对值要根据绝对值的定义求解.第一步列出绝对值的表达式;第二步根据绝对值定义去掉这个绝对值的符号.【解答】解:∵﹣2<0,∴|﹣2|=﹣(﹣2)=2.故选D.【考点】本题考查了绝对值的意义,任何一个数的绝对值一定是非负数,所以﹣2的绝对值是2.部分学生易混淆相反数、绝对值、倒数的意义,而错误的认为﹣2的绝对值是,而选择B.2.下列四个几何体中,左视图为圆的几何体是()A.B.C.D.【解析】根据左视图是从左边看所得到的图形逐一判断可得.【解答】解:A、球的左视图是圆,故选项正确;B、正方体的左视图是正方形,故选项错误;C、圆锥的左视图是等腰三角形,故选项错误;D、圆柱的左视图是长方形,故选项错误;故选:A.【考点】此题主要考查了左视图,关键是掌握左视图所看的位置.3.地球与月球的平均距离为384 000km,将384 000这个数用科学记数法表示为()A.3.84×103B.3.84×104C.3.84×105D.3.84×106【解析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值是易错点,由于384 000有6位,所以可以确定n=6﹣1=5.【解答】解:384 000=3.84×105.故选:C.【考点】此题考查科学记数法表示较大的数的方法,准确确定a与n值是关键.4.下列计算正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.a2a3=a6C.(a2)3=a5D.a5÷a2=a3【解析】根据合并同类项,可判断A,根据同底数幂的乘法底数不变指数相加,可判断B,根据幂的乘方底数不变指数相乘,可判断C,根据同底数幂的除法底数不变指数相减,可判断D.【解答】解:A、不是同类项不能合并,故A错误;B、同底数幂的乘法底数不变指数相加,故B错误;C、幂的乘方底数不变指数相乘,故C错误;D、同底数幂的除法底数不变指数相减,故D正确;故选:D.【考点】本题考查了同底数幂的除法,熟记法则并根据法则计算是解题关键.5.如图,已知直线a、b被直线c所截.若a∥b,∠1=120°,则∠2的度数为()A.50°B.60°C.120°D.130°【解析】根据邻补角的定义求出∠3,再根据两直线平行,同位角相等解答.【解答】解:如图,∠3=180°﹣∠1=180°﹣120°=60°,∵a∥b,∴∠2=∠3=60°.故选:B.【考点】本题考查了平行线的性质,邻补角的定义,是基础题,熟记性质是解题的关键.6.一组数据5,4,2,5,6的中位数是()A.5 B.4 C.2 D.6【解析】先将题目中数据按照从小到大排列,从而可以得到这组数据的中位数,本题得以解决.【解答】解:将题目中数据按照从小到大排列是:2,4,5,5,6,故这组数据的中位数是5,故选A.【考点】本题考查中位数,解题的关键是明确中位数的定义,注意找中位数前要先把题目中的数据按照从小到大或从大到小的顺序排列.7.如图,把正方形纸片ABCD沿对边中点所在的直线对折后展开,折痕为MN,再过点B折叠纸片,使点A落在MN上的点F处,折痕为BE.若AB的长为2,则FM的长为()A.2 B.C.D.1【解析】根据翻折不变性,AB=FB=2,BM=1,在Rt△BFM中,可利用勾股定理求出FM的值.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD为正方形,AB=2,过点B折叠纸片,使点A落在MN 上的点F处,∴FB=AB=2,BM=1,则在Rt△BMF中,FM=,故选:B.【考点】此题考查了翻折变换的性质,适时利用勾股定理是解答此类问题的关键.8.若二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象经过点(﹣1,0),则方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0的解为()A.x1=﹣3,x2=﹣1 B.x1=1,x2=3 C.x1=﹣1,x2=3 D.x1=﹣3,x2=1【解析】直接利用抛物线与x轴交点求法以及结合二次函数对称性得出答案.【解答】解:∵二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象经过点(﹣1,0),∴方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0一定有一个解为:x=﹣1,∵抛物线的对称轴为:直线x=1,∴二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c的图象与x轴的另一个交点为:(3,0),∴方程ax2﹣2ax+c=0的解为:x1=﹣1,x2=3.故选:C.【考点】此题主要考查了抛物线与x轴的交点,正确应用二次函数对称性是解题关键.二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上)9.(3分)(2016临夏州)因式分解:2a2﹣8= 2(a+2)(a﹣2).【解析】首先提取公因式2,进而利用平方差公式分解因式即可.【解答】解:2a2﹣8=2(a2﹣4)=2(a+2)(a﹣2).故答案为:2(a+2)(a﹣2).【考点】此题主要考查了提取公因式法以及公式法分解因式,熟练应用乘法公式是解题关键.10.计算: = x .【解析】进行同分母分式加减运算,最后要注意将结果化为最简分式.【解答】解: ===x.故答案为x.【考点】本题考查了分式的加减运算,题目比较容易.11.若两个相似三角形的面积比为1:4,则这两个相似三角形的周长比是1:2 .【解析】根据相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方求出相似比,根据似三角形周长的比等于相似比得到答案.【解答】解:∵两个相似三角形的面积比为1:4,∴这两个相似三角形的相似比为1:2,∴这两个相似三角形的周长比是1:2,故答案为:1:2.【考点】本题考查的是相似三角形的性质,掌握相似三角形周长的比等于相似比、相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方是解题的关键.12.若一元二次方程x2﹣2x+k=0有两个不相等的实数根,则k的取值范围是k <1 .【解析】直接利用根的判别式得出△=b2﹣4ac=4﹣4k>0进而求出答案.【解答】解:∵一元二次方程x2﹣2x+k=0有两个不相等的实数根,∴△=b2﹣4ac=4﹣4k>0,解得:k<1,则k的取值范围是:k<1.故答案为:k<1.【考点】此题主要考查了根的判别式,正确得出△符号是解题关键.13.某种油菜籽在相同条件下发芽试验的结果如表:每批粒数n 100 300 400 600 1000 20003000发芽的频数m 96 284 380 571 948 19022848发芽的频率0.960 0.947 0.950 0.952 0.948 0.9510.949那么这种油菜籽发芽的概率是0.95 (结果精确到0.01).【解析】观察表格得到这种油菜籽发芽的频率稳定在0.95附近,即可估计出这种油菜发芽的概率.【解答】解:观察表格得到这种油菜籽发芽的频率稳定在0.95附近,则这种油菜籽发芽的概率是0.95,故答案为:0.95.【考点】此题考查了利用频率估计概率,从表格中的数据确定出这种油菜籽发芽的频率是解本题的关键.14.如图,在△ABC中,已知∠ACB=130°,∠BAC=20°,BC=2,以点C为圆心,CB为半径的圆交AB于点D,则BD的长为2.【解析】如图,作CE⊥AB于E,在RT△BCE中利用30度性质即可求出BE,再根据垂径定理可以求出BD.【解答】解:如图,作CE⊥AB于E.∵∠B=180°﹣∠A﹣∠ACB=180°﹣20°﹣130°=30°,在RT△BCE中,∵∠CEB=90°,∠B=30°,BC=2,∴CE=BC=1,BE=CE=,∵CE⊥BD,∴DE=EB,∴BD=2EB=2.故答案为2.【考点】本题考查垂径定理、三角形内角和定理等知识,解题的关键是根据垂径定理添加辅助线,记住直角三角形30度角性质,属于基础题,中考常考题型.15.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,一条直线与反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象交于两点A、B,与x轴交于点C,且点B是AC的中点,分别过两点A、B作x轴的平行线,与反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象交于两点D、E,连接DE,则四边形ABED的面积为.【解析】根据点A、B在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,可设出点B坐标为(,m),再根据B为线段AC的中点可用m表示出来A点的坐标,由AD∥x轴、BE∥x轴,即可用m表示出来点D、E的坐标,结合梯形的面积公式即可得出结论.【解答】解:∵点A、B在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,设点B的坐标为(,m),∵点B为线段AC的中点,且点C在x轴上,∴点A的坐标为(,2m).∵AD∥x轴、BE∥x轴,且点D、E在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,∴点D的坐标为(,2m),点E的坐标为(,m).∴S 梯形ABED =(+)×(2m ﹣m )=.故答案为:.【考点】本题考查了反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题、反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征以及梯形的面积,解题的关键是用m 表示出来A 、B 、E 、D 四点的坐标.本题属于基础题,难度不大,解决该题型题目时,只要设出一个点的坐标,再由该点坐标所含的字母表示出其他点的坐标即可.16.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,AD=4,点P 是直线AD 上一动点,若满足△PBC 是等腰三角形的点P 有且只有3个,则AB 的长为 4 .【解析】如图,当AB=AD 时,满足△PBC 是等腰三角形的点P 有且只有3个.【解答】解:如图,当AB=AD 时,满足△PBC 是等腰三角形的点P 有且只有3个,△P 1BC ,△P 2BC 是等腰直角三角形,△P 3BC 是等腰直角三角形(P 3B=P 3C ),则AB=AD=4, 故答案为4.【考点】本题考查矩形的性质,等腰三角形的性质等知识,解题的关键是理解题意,属于中考常考题型.三、解答题(本大题共10题,共72分,请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(6分)(2016宿迁)计算:2sin30°+3﹣1+(﹣1)0﹣.【解析】直接利用特殊角的三角函数值结合零指数幂的性质以及负整数指数幂的性质分别化简进而求出答案.【解答】解:2sin30°+3﹣1+(﹣1)0﹣=2×++1﹣2=.【考点】此题主要考查了实数运算,正确利用相关性质化简各数是解题关键.18.(6分)(2016宿迁)解不等式组:.【解析】根据解不等式组的方法可以求得不等式组的解集,从而可以解答本题.【解答】解:由①得,x>1,由②得,x<2,由①②可得,原不等式组的解集是:1<x<2.【考点】本题考查解一元一次不等式组,解题的关键是明确解一元一次不等式组的方法.19.(6分)(2016宿迁)某校对七、八、九年级的学生进行体育水平测试,成绩评定为优秀、良好、合格、不合格四个等第.为了解这次测试情况,学校从三个年级随机抽取200名学生的体育成绩进行统计分析.相关数据的统计图、表如下:各年级学生成绩统计表优秀良好合格不合格七年级 a 20 24 8八年级29 13 13 5九年级24 b 14 7根据以上信息解决下列问题:(1)在统计表中,a的值为28 ,b的值为15 ;(2)在扇形统计图中,八年级所对应的扇形圆心角为108 度;(3)若该校三个年级共有2000名学生参加考试,试估计该校学生体育成绩不合格的人数.【解析】(1)根据学校从三个年级随机抽取200名学生的体育成绩进行统计分析和扇形统计图可以求得七年级抽取的学生数,从而可以求得a的值,也可以求得九年级抽取的学生数,进而得到b的值;(2)根据扇形统计图可以求得八年级所对应的扇形圆心角的度数;(3)根据表格中的数据可以估计该校学生体育成绩不合格的人数.【解答】解:(1)由题意和扇形统计图可得,a=200×40%﹣20﹣24﹣8=80﹣20﹣24﹣8=28,b=200×30%﹣24﹣14﹣7=60﹣24﹣14﹣7=15,故答案为:28,15;(2)由扇形统计图可得,八年级所对应的扇形圆心角为:360°×(1﹣40%﹣30%)=360°×30%=108°,故答案为:108;(3)由题意可得,2000×=200人,即该校三个年级共有2000名学生参加考试,该校学生体育成绩不合格的有200人.【考点】本题考查扇形统计图、用样本估计总体,解题的关键是明确题意,找出所求问题需要的条件.20.(6分)(2016宿迁)在一只不透明的袋子中装有2个白球和2个黑球,这些球除颜色外都相同.(1)若先从袋子中拿走m个白球,这时从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”,则m的值为 2 ;(2)若将袋子中的球搅匀后随机摸出1个球(不放回),再从袋中余下的3个球中随机摸出1个球,求两次摸到的球颜色相同的概率.【解析】(1)由必然事件的定义可知:透明的袋子中装的都是黑球,从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”才能成立,所以m的值即可求出;(2)列表得出所有等可能的情况数,找出两次摸到的球颜色相同的情况数,即可求出所求的概率.【解答】解:(1)∵在一只不透明的袋子中装有2个白球和2个黑球,这些球除颜色外都相同,从袋子中拿走m个白球,这时从袋子中随机摸出一个球是黑球的事件为“必然事件”,∴透明的袋子中装的都是黑球,∴m=2,故答案为:2;(2)设红球分别为H1、H2,黑球分别为B1、B2,列表得:第二球第一球H1H2B1B2H 1(H1,H2)(H1,B1)(H1,B2)H 2(H2,H1)(H2,B1)(H2,B2)B 1(B1,H1)(B1,H2)(B1,B2)B 2(B2,H1)(B2,H2)(B2,B1)总共有12种结果,每种结果的可能性相同,两次都摸到球颜色相同结果有4种,所以两次摸到的球颜色相同的概率==.【考点】此题考查的是用列表法或树状图法求概率.列表法可以不重复不遗漏的列出所有可能的结果,适合于两步完成的事件;树状图法适合两步或两步以上完成的事件;解题时要注意此题是放回实验还是不放回实验.用到的知识点为:概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.21.(6分)(2016宿迁)如图,已知BD是△ABC的角平分线,点E、F分别在边AB、BC上,ED∥BC,EF∥AC.求证:BE=CF.【解析】先利用平行四边形性质证明DE=CF,再证明EB=ED,即可解决问题.【解答】证明:∵ED∥BC,EF∥AC,∴四边形EFCD是平行四边形,∴DE=CF,∵BD平分∠ABC,∴∠EBD=∠DBC,∵DE∥BC,∴∠EDB=∠DBC,∴∠EBD=∠EDB,∴EB=ED,∴EB=CF.【考点】本题考查平行四边形的判定和性质、等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识,解题的关键是灵活运用直线知识解决问题,属于基础题,中考常考题型.22.(6分)(2016宿迁)如图,大海中某灯塔P周围10海里范围内有暗礁,一艘海轮在点A处观察灯塔P在北偏东60°方向,该海轮向正东方向航行8海里到达点B处,这时观察灯塔P恰好在北偏东45°方向.如果海轮继续向正东方向航行,会有触礁的危险吗?试说明理由.(参考数据:≈1.73)【解析】作PC⊥AB于C,如图,∠PAC=30°,∠PBC=45°,AB=8,设PC=x,先判断△PBC为等腰直角三角形得到BC=PC=x,再在Rt△PAC中利用正切的定义得到8+x=,解得x=4(+1)≈10.92,即AC≈10.92,然后比较AC与10的大小即可判断海轮继续向正东方向航行,是否有触礁的危险.【解答】解:没有触礁的危险.理由如下:作PC⊥AB于C,如图,∠PAC=30°,∠PBC=45°,AB=8,设PC=x,在Rt△PBC中,∵∠PBC=45°,∴△PBC为等腰直角三角形,∴BC=PC=x,在Rt△PAC中,∵tan∠PAC=,∴AC=,即8+x=,解得x=4(+1)≈10.92,即AC≈10.92,∵10.92>10,∴海轮继续向正东方向航行,没有触礁的危险.【考点】本题考查了解直角三角形的应用﹣方向角问题:在辨别方向角问题中:一般是以第一个方向为始边向另一个方向旋转相应度数.在解决有关方向角的问题中,一般要根据题意理清图形中各角的关系,有时所给的方向角并不一定在直角三角形中,需要用到两直线平行内错角相等或一个角的余角等知识转化为所需要的角.23.(8分)(2016宿迁)如图1,在△ABC中,点D在边BC上,∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,⊙O是△ABD的外接圆.(1)求证:AC是⊙O的切线;(2)当BD是⊙O的直径时(如图2),求∠CAD的度数.【解析】(1)连接AO,延长AO交⊙O于点E,则AE为⊙O的直径,连接DE,由已知条件得出∠ABC=∠CAD,由圆周角定理得出∠ADE=90°,证出∠AED=∠ABC=∠CAD,求出EA⊥AC,即可得出结论;(2)由圆周角定理得出∠BAD=90°,由角的关系和已知条件得出∠ABC=22.5°,由(1)知:∠ABC=∠CAD,即可得出结果.【解答】(1)证明:连接AO,延长AO交⊙O于点E,则AE为⊙O的直径,连接DE,如图所示:∵∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,∠ADB=∠ACB+∠CAD,∴∠ABC=∠CAD,∵AE为⊙O的直径,∴∠ADE=90°,∴∠EAD=90°﹣∠AED,∵∠AED=∠ABD,∴∠AED=∠ABC=∠CAD,∴∠EAD=90°﹣∠CAD,即∠EAD+∠CAD=90°,∴EA⊥AC,∴AC是⊙O的切线;(2)解:∵BD是⊙O的直径,∴∠BAD=90°,∴∠ABC+∠ADB=90°,∵∠ABC:∠ACB:∠ADB=1:2:3,∴4∠ABC=90°,∴∠ABC=22.5°,由(1)知:∠ABC=∠CAD,∴∠CAD=22.5°.【考点】本题考查了切线的判定、圆周角定理、角的互余关系;熟练掌握切线的判定方法,由圆周角定理得出直角是解决问题的关键.24.(8分)(2016宿迁)某景点试开放期间,团队收费方案如下:不超过30人时,人均收费120元;超过30人且不超过m(30<m≤100)人时,每增加1人,人均收费降低1元;超过m人时,人均收费都按照m人时的标准.设景点接待有x名游客的某团队,收取总费用为y元.(1)求y关于x的函数表达式;(2)景点工作人员发现:当接待某团队人数超过一定数量时,会出现随着人数的增加收取的总费用反而减少这一现象.为了让收取的总费用随着团队中人数的增加而增加,求m的取值范围.【解析】(1)根据收费标准,分0<x≤30,30<x≤m,m<x≤100分别求出y 与x的关系即可.(2)由(1)可知当0<x≤30或m<x<100,函数值y都是随着x是增加而增加,30<x≤m时,y=﹣x2+150x=﹣(x﹣75)2+5625,根据二次函数的性质即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)y=.(2)由(1)可知当0<x≤30或m<x<100,函数值y都是随着x是增加而增加,当30<x≤m时,y=﹣x2+150x=﹣(x﹣75)2+5625,∵a=﹣1<0,∴x≤75时,y随着x增加而增加,∴为了让收取的总费用随着团队中人数的增加而增加,∴30<m≤75.【考点】本题考查二次函数的应用、分段函数等知识,解题的关键是利用函数的性质解决实际问题,学会利用二次函数的性质解决增减性问题,属于中考常考题型.25.(10分)(2016宿迁)已知△ABC是等腰直角三角形,AC=BC=2,D是边AB 上一动点(A、B两点除外),将△CAD绕点C按逆时针方向旋转角α得到△CEF,其中点E是点A的对应点,点F是点D的对应点.(1)如图1,当α=90°时,G是边AB上一点,且BG=AD,连接GF.求证:GF ∥AC;(2)如图2,当90°≤α≤180°时,AE与DF相交于点M.①当点M与点C、D不重合时,连接CM,求∠CMD的度数;②设D为边AB的中点,当α从90°变化到180°时,求点M运动的路径长.【解析】(1)欲证明GF∥AC,只要证明∠A=∠FGB即可解决问题.(2)①先证明A、D、M、C四点共圆,得到∠CMF=∠CAD=45°,即可解决问题.②利用①的结论可知,点M在以AC为直径的⊙O上,运动路径是弧CD,利用弧长公式即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)如图1中,∵CA=CB,∠ACB=90°,∴∠A=∠ABC=45°,∵△CEF是由△CAD旋转逆时针α得到,α=90°,∴CB与CE重合,∴∠CBE=∠A=45°,∴∠ABF=∠ABC+∠CBF=90°,∵BG=AD=BF,∴∠BGF=∠BFG=45°,∴∠A=∠BGF=45°,∴GF∥AC.(2)①如图2中,∵CA=CE,CD=CF,∴∠CAE=∠CEA,∠CDF=∠CFD,∵∠ACD=∠ECF,∴∠ACE=∠CDF,∵2∠CAE+∠ACE=180°,2∠CDF+∠DCF=180°,∴∠CAE=∠CDF,∴A、D、M、C四点共圆,∴∠CMF=∠CAD=45°,∴∠CMD=180°﹣∠CMF=135°.②如图3中,O是AC中点,连接OD、CM.∵AD=DB,CA=CB,∴CD⊥AB,∴∠ADC=90°,由①可知A、D、M、C四点共圆,∴当α从90°变化到180°时,点M在以AC为直径的⊙O上,运动路径是弧CD,∵OA=OC,CD=DA,∴DO⊥AC,∴∠DOC=90°,∴的长==.∴当α从90°变化到180°时,点M运动的路径长为.【考点】本题考查几何变换综合题、等腰直角三角形的性质、平行线的判定和性质、弧长公式、四点共圆等知识,解题的关键是发现A、D、M、C四点共圆,最后一个问题的关键,正确探究出点M的运动路径,记住弧长公式,属于中考压轴题.26.(10分)(2016宿迁)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,将二次函数y=x2﹣1的图象M沿x轴翻折,把所得到的图象向右平移2个单位长度后再向上平移8个单位长度,得到二次函数图象N.(1)求N的函数表达式;(2)设点P(m,n)是以点C(1,4)为圆心、1为半径的圆上一动点,二次函数的图象M与x轴相交于两点A、B,求PA2+PB2的最大值;(3)若一个点的横坐标与纵坐标均为整数,则该点称为整点.求M与N所围成封闭图形内(包括边界)整点的个数.【解析】(1)根据二次函数N的图象是由二次函数M翻折、平移得到所以a=﹣1,求出二次函数N的顶点坐标即可解决问题.(2)由PA2+PB2=(m+1)2+n2+(m﹣1)2+n2=2(m2+n2)+2=2PO2+2可知OP最大时,PA2+PB2最大,求出OP的最大值即可解决问题.(3)画出函数图象即可解决问题.【解答】(1)解:二次函数y=x2﹣1的图象M沿x轴翻折得到函数的解析式为y=﹣x2+1,此时顶点坐标(0,1),将此图象向右平移2个单位长度后再向上平移8个单位长度得到二次函数图象N 的顶点为(2,9),故N的函数表达式y=﹣(x﹣2)2+9=﹣x2+4x+5.(2)∵A(﹣1,0),B(1,0),∴PA2+PB2=(m+1)2+n2+(m﹣1)2+n2=2(m2+n2)+2=2PO2+2,∴当PO最大时PA2+PB2最大.如图,延长OC与⊙O交于点P,此时OP最大,∴OP的最大值=OC+PO=+1,∴PA2+PB2最大值=2(+1)2+2=38+4.(3)M与N所围成封闭图形如图所示,由图象可知,M与N所围成封闭图形内(包括边界)整点的个数为25个.【考点】本题考查二次函数综合题、最值问题等知识,解题的关键是记住函数图象的平移、翻折变换的规律,学会转化的思想,把问题转化为我们熟悉的问题解决,属于中考压轴题.300680618;。
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2016年宿迁市中考试卷(总分:85分)第一卷选择题(共50分)一.单项选择1.---Have you read a book called “The Merchant of Venice”?---Yes. _______ book is very interesting.A.AnB. AC.TheD./2.The 31st Olympic Games will take place _______August 5, 2016.A.atB. ofC.inD.on3.Which sign of the following means “No Smoking”?A. B. C. D.4.---Do you know whose iPhone6s this is?---Let me see. Oh, it‟s _______.A.hersB.herC.himD.their5.I can‟t go with you. I _______stay at home until my parents come back.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could6.---_______ is it from Suqian to Jiuzhai valley?---About 1,200 kilometers away. But I‟m not sure.A.How oftenB.How soonC.How longD. How far7.When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his _______ and felt afraid.A.taskB.workC.wayD.job8.Wearing white can help people _______when they feel stressed.A.calm downB.write downC.break downD.turn down9.---Did you watch the China‟s Military Parade on TV?---Yes. _______ great it was!A.HowB.WhatC.How aD. What a10.---What do you think of the movie Zootopia?---It is _______one I‟ve ever seen.A.more excitedB.more excitingC.the most excitedD.the most exciting12.---There is a beautiful park near your school, _______?---Yes. I often go walking there.A.is thereB.isn‟t thereC.are thereD.aren‟t there13.The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum” is _______.A.S+VB. S+V+DOC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC14.---could you please tell me _______?---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.A.where will you goB.how you will go to BeijingC.when you will go to BeijingD.why will you go to Beijing15.---The women badminton players won the Uber Cup.---_______A.What a pity!B. With pleasureC.Never mind.D.I‟m glad to hear that.二.完形填空“You don‟t understand me!” I shouted. Then i ran out of the door and got on a bus. I didn‟t know ___16____ it was going. I just want to get away from home as ___17____ as I could.I couldn‟t ___18____ what had just happened to me. My mother, the pers on I believe in, had just read all of my ___19____ from my close friends! It shouldn‟t have happened to me. She read my letters and told me not to write to ___20____any more! I couldn‟t __21_____ the tears from falling when i thought about this.Later that day, I went to my close ____22___ house. ___23____ my friend gave me a cup of water, the phone rang.“It‟s your mother,” she spoke to me in a low ____24___.“Tell her that I‟m not here!” I replied. However my mother heard it. “Tell her not to leave! I‟ll be right there!”Then she rang up the phone ____25___ a goodbye. In fact, i should say that i was a little ____26___i couldn‟t imagine what would happen.But to my ___27____, when my mother arrived, “sorry” was the first word she ___28____ to me. Her ___29____ told me that she had been crying and her voice told me that she was really tired. “will you forgive me?” at last she asked. I didn‟t know what to say. I just __30_____ her, and gave her a hug(拥抱).She held me so tightly. You know, at that time, I felt so warm. I really love you, Mum!16.A.where B.what C.why D.when17.A.happily B.slowly C.carefully D.quietly18.A.remember B.talk C.believe D.ask19.A.letters B.books C.magazines D.novels20.A.him B.them C.you D.her21.A.make B.think C.stop D.find22.A.classmate‟s B.relatives C.teacher‟s D.friend‟s23.A.Unless B.If C.After D.Since24.A.voice B.sound C.noise D.silence25.A.during B.without C.towards D.from26.A.satisfied B.bored C.worried D.interested27.A.surprise B.mind C.body D.heart28.A.told B.said C.asked D.heard29.A.ears B.arms C.hands D.eyes30.A.ran to B.gave in C.went on D.pushed in三、阅读理解(共10小题;每小题两分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ACats are animals that live on land. They can be divided into two groups: big cats and small cats. Big cats are the larger animal species. Here are some materials about big cats.[31.When do tigers mainly hunt?A.In the morning.B.At noon.C.In the afternoon.D.At night.32.Lions live mostly in .B.RussiaC.AfricaD.India33. What do leopards often do in the daytime?A.Rest in trees.B.Sleep in caves.C.Look after their babies.D.Hunt small animals.BMany hundreds of years ago, the moon was a mystery to people on the earth. What was that glowing ball came out at night? Why did it keep getting smaller, then larger? Why didn‟t it fall from the sky? Through the ages, people have tried to come up with answers.To the native people of Bolivia, in South American, the moon was a great chief who once lived on the earth. The Abaluyian people of Kenya, in Africa, believe the moon and the sun were brothers who fought in the sky. In other parts of the world, people believed they saw different pictures in the moon. The Haida Indians of Canada saw a woman carrying a bucket. The Chinese saw a road.People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendar. In fact, in some languages, the word for moon meant “month”. A Native American nation called the Sioux made a calendar of 13 moons, or months. Each moon had a name, such as Moon of Black Cherries, Moon of Green Corn, and Moon of Severe Cold.Though people of the past found the moon was helpful, mysterious and interesting, they didn‟t know much about it. They only knew what they could see with their own eyes.Then almost 400 years age, an Italian acientist named Galileo made a new telescope(望远镜) that was more powerful than any telescope made before. Galileo decided to take his new implement to look at the moon. He discovered that the moon was not the smooth, shiny ball. The brighter places were mostly hills and mountains. The flat areas were lower, which is why they appeared darker.As more people saw the moon through telescopes, they discovered more about it. Yet, people still had much to learn about the moon.34.Which name of the moon is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Moon of Severe Cold.B.Mo on of Red Trees.C.Moon of Black Cherries.D.Moon of Green Corn.35.The underlined word “implement” probably means .A.ideaB.wayC.toolD.habit36. From this passage, we can know that .A.Thousands of years ago, Galileo used his implement to look at the moonB.People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendarC.People discovered that the darker areas in moon were hills and mountainsD.The native people of Bolivia thought that the moon and the sun were sistersC“Neville is my brother,” Sir Henry continued,”about five years age, my brother and I quarreled, Soon after this, our father died. I am the elder son, and I got everything. I wanted my brother to apologize to me. He didn‟t, and so I gave him nothing. With the litt le money he had, he left England for South Africa. I wrote to him several times, but I received no replies. Perhaps, henever got my letters. I don‟t know. But as time passed, I worried more and more about him.”“Mr. Quatemain, will you please tell me everything you know about him?”“Very well,” I said, “but you will be the first person to whom I have told what I know.” Your brother wanted to find King Solomon‟s Mince. That is why he felt for Inyati”“King Solomon‟s Mines!”Sir Henry screamed.”I have never heard of it.where are they?”“There is a tale about them.” I will tell you what I know if you promise to keep it secre t,” I said.“You have our promise.” Sir Henry said.“An elephant hunter. Evans, told me the tale.” I said, “he told me there was a destroy ed city northwest of the Solomon Mountain, and Solomon had his diamond mines there”“Then one evening a Portuguese(葡萄牙人)。