2021年考研英语一真题及答案
1
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D
on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the
ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in
young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we
age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain
function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are
associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors
might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal
fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to
reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people
9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the
years 11 .
For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from
excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that
future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men
and women.
16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain
lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The
two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of
aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and
eliminates highly processed foods.
1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] fades [D] peaks
2. [A] generally [B] formally [C] accidentally [D] alternatively
3. [A] since [B] while [C] once [D] until
4. [A] detection [B] consumption [C] accumulation [D] separation
5. [A] decision [B] possibility [C] goal [D] requirement
6. [A] ensure [B] delay [C] seek [D] utilize
7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] predicted [D] included
8. [A] devoted [B] converted [C] compared [D] applied
9. [A] above [B] with [C] by [D] against
10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] played [D] scored
11. [A] went by [B] set off [C] drew in [D] ran out
12. [A] superior [B] parallel [C] attributable [D] resistant
2
13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] controlled [D] involved
14. [A] explain [B] spread [C] remove [D] alter
15. [A] treatments [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] compensations
16. [A] Likewise [B] Therefore [C] Meanwhile [D] Instead
17. [A] take [B] watch [C] count [D] change
18. [A] process [B] wellbeing [C] formation [D] coordination
19. [A] love [B] level [C] knowledge [D] space
20. [A] design [B] diet [C] prescription [D] routine
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
How can Britain’s train operators possibly justify yet another increase rail passenger fares? It
has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises,
imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get
to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last
year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of
investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the
general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have
to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the
travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have
received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure
of the Midlands and the North.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst
rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are
making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the
substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes
rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by
2021考研英语试题(1)
2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should
not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn
suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13
applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were
15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or
GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept
2021年考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案(跨考版)
第 1 页 共 22 页
2021年考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案(跨考版)
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is
one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential
campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S.
jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a
University of Oxford study, with the middle class
disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening
or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class
occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering
— have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the
2021年考研《英语一》阅读试题答案详解(海文版)
第 1 页 共 11 页
2021年考研《英语一》阅读试题答案详解(海文版)
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21、【答案】D Middle-class workers
【解析】根据题干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is
one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句话，可以得知相对于低收入者和富人，中产阶级受到的冲击最大。
22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be
tackled
【解析】根据题干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be
alarmist”和末句“But ... middle-class workers may need a lot
of help adjusting”，but转折句再一次强调了作者的观点，即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题。同时，末句中”may need
a lot of help”同义替换成选项C中的“need to be tackled”，自动化带来的问题需要被解决，得出C答案。
23、【答案】A creative potential
【解析】根据题干中的关键词可定位到第四段第二句
第 2 页 共 11 页 “Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve
to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and
complex communication”。由该句可知，课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实。所以，应该选C选项creative
13.2021考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
2021考研英语（一）翻译真题及答案
来源：文都教育
Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto
Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10
points)
46.Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeen
roughlyconstantat3%-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethe
war.
【参考译文】战争结束后，这些社会的入学率在战前的几十年里一直保持在相关年龄
段的3%-5%。
47.Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesofentrytohighereducationextended
togroupsandsocialclassesthathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethe
war.
【参考译文】在那些社会中，对接受高等教育的需求上升，延伸到了战前没有想过上
大学的群体和社会阶层。
48.InmanycountriesofwesternEup.thenumbersofstudentinhighereducation
doubledwithinfive-yearsperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubleagaininseveneightor
10yearsbythemiddleof1970s.
【参考译文】在欧洲联盟的许多西方国家，20世纪60年代，接受高等教育的学生人
数在5年内翻了一番，到70年代中期，在7年、8年或10年里又翻了一番。
49.andwhenthenewstaffarepredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompast
2021年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案(海文版)
第 1 页 共 13 页
2021年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案(海文版)
Text 1
21、【答案】A enhance banks’ sense of responsibility
【解析】根据题干可知这是一道典型的细节题。根据题干关键词“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule
is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to
restore public trust in financial institutions.”(这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任)，对比所给四个选项，只有A项 enhance banks’ sense of
responsibility (增加银行的责任感)与原文表述一致，故为正确答案。B项“help corporations achieve profits”(帮助公司获得利润)以及C项“build a new system of financial regulation”(建立新的金融监管体系)在原文中并未提及。D项“guarantee the
bonuses of top executives”(保证高管的奖金)与原文“…any
guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years…”(高管的任何有保证的奖金会被延迟10年)表述相反，故排除。
22、【答案】D “short-termism” in economic activities
【解析】根据题干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial
2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)
第 1 页 共 4 页
2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)
Part C Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be
written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the
passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms
under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.
【解析】本句主干为Europe was witnessing the passing and
the creation。句首by the date of his birth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。under the incentive of classical
tragedy and comedy为定语，修饰the creation。
【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。
47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant
that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to
Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
2021年考研英语一-解析
1题号：1.【答案】B。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。根据已知G段落最后一句
提到Histhreebiggestpredictionsforthefuturehaveanepoch-makinginfluence.他对未来的三
大预言具有划时代的影响。紧接着B段Let’sstartwiththebigone,doomsday.首先是“末日”
这个宏大的话题。
题号：2.【答案】D。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。thosemonths,运用代词指
代关系定位法，浏览各个段落会发现只有B段落出现month这个关键词，并且D项中的关
键词change,对应B项中的climatechange。浏览E项，迅速定位出关键线索点Besidesthe
doomsdaytheory。Besides是表达“递进逻辑关系”的标志词，也就是说，出现在项E之前
的段落必须与之形成递进逻辑关系。本段中除doomsday是之前段落中提到的霍金的一大预
言之外，又提到了AI，可知本段又开始介绍他的另一大预言。
题号：3.【答案】A。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。E段落提到AI,gloomy，浏
览几个段落发现A段落出现这两个关键词，并且However，放在段首表示强转折。E段末句
也和A段首句语义相反。
题号：4.【答案】C。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。A段末句提到whatwouldwe
do?，我们在几个段落中排查，发现C段落开头是提出做法的，并且C段落句首这句话中的
rain,robot在A段末句都有出现。
题号：5.【答案】F。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。C段末句是由两个并列的
why引导的宾语从句。接下来的段落应该是回答why提出的问题，F段首foronesimple
reason，与C段落构成逻辑上的起承转合。并且F段首句中的AlphaCentauri在C段第一次
出现。
题号：6.【答案】B。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。G段末句Marxhaspassedaway,
考研英语1真题答案及解析
考研英语1真题答案及解析
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making
individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make
judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an
inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily
samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of
apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had
already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day 。
2021考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2021考研英语（一）真题及答案解析
2021考研英语（一）真题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each
numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 ,
homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t
possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government
must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost
housing.
5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates
6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do
agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is__8__. One of the
federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach
nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
2021年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2021年考研英语真题（含答案解析）
Directions:
Section I Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or
D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart
humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in
the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than
the average fruit fly 大2家 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 大3家
bulbs burn longer, that there is an 大4家 in not being too terrifically
bright.
Intelligence, it 大5家 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep,
burns more fuel and is slow 大6家 the starting line because it depends on
learning ― a gradual 大7家 ― instead of instinct. Plenty of other species
are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to