上海初三英语中考知识点整理

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上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳

上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳

冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词: by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America, 但是 the United Sates 要加 the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains三.一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月,next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winterMonday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,Dec ember四、宇宙中独一无二的事物, 序数词, 形容词最高级,only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r,介词分类记忆:一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on;last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词On Christmas Day, on December 14, 2013, on the morning of December 15,二、地点介词三、短语中固定搭配的介词care for, based on, in one’s thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, add…to,四、方式介词by, with by bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail, by credit cardwrite with a pen, say it in English五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的of/ among + 代词,名词或数词, in+ 表示地点或集体的名词John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest ______ them.代词一、人称代词1.顺序:单数:二、三、一复数:一、二、三John sits among ______, _______ and me.A. Mary…youB. she…youC. you…MaryD. you…she2.主格宾格:主格——主语, 宾格——宾语动词或介词后The journalist interviewed ________. he, his, himI show_______ around the city. they, their, them3. 名词性物主代词The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but ______ is big and modern.they, them,. their, theirsMum, have you ever seen Danny’s sports shoes I want a pair like _______. he a friend of mine/ his/ my father’sI ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______4、反身代词enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learn…by oneself= teach oneselfI made it myself.I ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______it________不定代词other, others, another, the othersSome…._______ One…_________another + 可数名词的单数固定词组一个接着一个 _________________Will you please show me _________ oneHave _______ try, and you’ll succeed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置something necessary, neither______, both______, all_______, none________The report says __________ of the two countries in Asia supports the war. After you get off the bus, you can take ________ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides, a few, little, a littleIt’s unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of _______ words.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. much数词1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等词时,用确切的数据 about/ more than two hundred people2、数字的读法, 百位和十位之间用and 3653、序数词的拼写One_______ , two__________, three_________ Four________, five________, eight_________, twelve________, nine_______, twenty_________,twenty-one_____________5.分数1/2____________ 2/3__________, 3/ 4_________, 3/5_________6、百分比 30 percent7、日期表达 February 12,1809two hours and a half =two and a half hoursa ten-year-old boy The boy is ten years old.He is over fifty years old. He is in his fifties.It’s ten minutes’ walk. It’s a ten-minute walk.名词1. 变复数potato______ tomato______ hero______ Negro_______ photo______两人两菜加s, 其他加esboy______ toy_________, dictionary_________, 只有辅音+y 结尾变y为ies beach___________s, x, ch, sh,结尾的名词复数+eslife, thief ,leaf, knifefe, f结尾的名词, 把f, fe变为ves2. 可数名词与不可数名词many children much informationa few books a little timesome boys some timea couple of days a basket of fruit修饰可数名词的: few, a few, many, a large number of, a couple of修饰不可数名词的: little, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of 既修饰可数名词的,又可以修饰可数名词的: plenty of , a lot of/ lots of , some 3. 名词所有格my father’s friend= a friend of my father’s, the teachers’ office, the Children’s Palace形容词/ 副词1、形容词的用法:1系动词后做表语 The comedy is very funny2在名词前作定语 It’s a funny comedy3修饰不定代词在不定代词之后 There is something wrong with my watch.4在宾语之后作宾语补足语 The good news made Bob’s mother excited.You’d better keep the window open.2、副词的用法:1修饰行为动词 He drives carefully.2修饰形容词 The food is quite delicious.3修饰整个句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等词修饰形容词比较级The Bund looks much _________ at night. prettyHe looks a little __________happy4. 既是形容词又是副词的:early ,fast, hard, high , late5、as…as not as/ so…as句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级, 所以可以先排除比较级和最高级,选副词还是形容词,看是否修饰行为动词The driver drove as ___________ as usual.A. most carefullyB. more carefulC. carefulD. carefully6、一些特殊句型The 比较级主语+谓语, the 比较级主语+谓语,The earlier…, the better…the fastest in our class, one of the longest rivers, the second longest river, better and better疑问词How far ten minutes’ walkHow soon in ten minutesHow fast a mile in ten minutesHow long for ten minutesHow often twice a dayHow many twoHow much two yuan/two kilos1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. 99______ ______ he go to the hospital2. We have a class meeting once a week. 00______ ______ did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space 3. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here. 04______ ______ this sign mean4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. 05______ did London ______ the first World Expo5. The students’ projects will be on show in three days. 06______ ______ will the students’ projects be on show动词连系动词:动词 2.感官动词:feelfeel-felt-felt, smellsmell-smelt-smelt, taste, sound, look3.表示变化的: become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn4. 表示保持的:keep, stay, remain5. 似乎是seem情态动词:May I watch TV No, you mustn’t/ may not/ can’t.Must I do the work No, you needn’t.may be 可能是 must be 一定是can’t be 不可能是You needn’t help him.= You don’t need to help him.1. We ______ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. 04A mayB shouldC canD need2. A: ______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sirB: No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon. 05A MayB CanC WouldD Must3. My mother ______ make rice dumplings. She’ll teach me how to do it. 06A mustB needC shouldD can使役动词:make, let, have sb. do sth.动词的时态和语态:一般现在时主语+do/ does1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often , always,usually ,sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用;2、表示客观事实或普遍真理;The sun rises in the east.3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句,主句用将来时从句用一般现在时I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般过去时主语+did1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past2、过去习惯性动作 used to do一般将来时 will/ shall do1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;2、am is , are going to + 动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;there is going to be3、表示“去向”的动词,可以用进行时表示将来时 come, go, arrive, leave, leaveforI’m leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.现在进行时 am/ is/ are + doing常用时间状语now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be careful Look, Jane’s grandma ________ with some aged people.A. dancesB. dancedC. is dancingD. was dancing过去进行时 was/ were + doing常用时间状语 at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.也常用于when 和while引导的时间状语从句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.现在完成时 have/ has + done1.常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2. already & yetI have already read the book, 改否定句I _____ read the book _____.3. since&forI have learned English since 2004 对划线部分提问I have learned English for 10 years 同上4. 延续性动词和瞬间动词I______ this book for a week.A. have boughtB. have hadC. boughtD. buy现在完成时 had + done1.表示过去的过去, 常用的时间状语:by the end of last year, before I entered the school2. 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中He told me that he had been to China twice.被动语态:1.构成:be+及物动词的过去分词2. 时态的变化主要体现在be 的变化一般现在时 am/ is/ are+, 一般过去时was/were+现在完成时 has/ have been + 一般将来时will be +情态动词should/ may/ must/ can/ could… + be+ p. p3. 先划出句子的谓语部分———写出动词原形——判断时态——注意主语的单复数Jane wrote several articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory ____ ____ by Jane last month.————2. write—wrote—written——3. was/ were written——4. 主语是several articles , 因此是were written非谓语动词1——动词不定式1. 主语 To be a teacher is my dream2. 宾语 I want to buy a new bike3. 表语 My father’ s job is to make sick people better.4. 定语 We have got a new project to do5. 宾语补足语 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 动词不定式作形式主语 It is difficult to learn English well7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 宾语从句改成简单句I don’t know what I can do nextI don’t know _____ ______ do next.9. 有些动词后作宾补省略to一感feel, 二听listen to, hear, 三让make, let, have, 四看see, watch, notice, observe非谓语动词2——动名词1. 主语 Smoking isn’t allowed in public places2. 宾语 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表语 My hobby is collecting stamps4. 动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.反意疑问句1、划出句子中的谓语部分You could hardly believe the news,____ _____情态动词有: can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, would, ought to2、有些动词的过去式与原形同形cost,set, cut, put, set, fit, read, spread The bad news spread fast, ____ _____3、有些词表示否定的意思little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, none, nothing4、判断现在完成时,过去完成时,看后面有没有过去分词He has a little of milk for his breakfast, _____ _____Jack has never been to Guangzhou, _____ _____5、反意部分只能用代词,不能用名词,先画出主句部分的主语,再判断代词用什么; Your mother has never tired of shopping, _____ ____Jim’s parents are never late for their work, ____ ____The bad news spread fast, ____ _____6、特殊的反义疑问句You’d better finish your homework, _____ _____谓语动词had better do, 后面反意部分仍用助动词hadLet’s go sightseeing on Christmas Day, _____ ____Close the door, ____ _____Don’t open the window,______ ______is little time left, ______ ________Excises:1. You could hardly believe the news,____ _____2. Your mother has never tired of shopping, _____ ____3. The coat cost John a month’s pay, ______ _____4. Jim’s parents are never late for their work, ____ ____5. The lady always has a cup of tea after dinner, _____ ____6. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, _____ _____7. There is little time left, ______ ________。

上海中考英语复习八大时态

上海中考英语复习八大时态

上海中考英语复习-八大动词时态一、一般现在时1、结构肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他简略回答: 肯 Yes,主语 + am/ is /are 否No,主语+am/is/are not肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+助动词 don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: 肯Yes,主语+do/does 否No,主语+do/does not缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not2、用法1表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用;常用的频度副词有:always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week day, year, month…, once a week, on Sundays;频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后;例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳;I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家;2表示现在的状态;例如:My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙;The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁;3表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等;例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球;My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人;Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行;4表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象;例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动;Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部;5表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来;但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词;例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开;He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来6在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作;例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息;If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节;3、当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式;1. cook _______6. enjoy ______ 7 go _________ 8 receive ______ 9 cry______ 10. close ________11. drive _______ 12. choose ______ 13. play ________ 14. reach ________二、一般过去时1、结构肯定式:主语+ was/were +其他否定式:主语+ was/were +not + 其他一般疑问句式: Was/Were + 主语+ 其他简略回答: 肯 Yes,主语 + was/were 否No,主语+ was/were not肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他否定句式: 主语+助动词didn’t +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: 肯Yes,主语+did 否No,主语+did not2、用法1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态;常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last weekyear, night, month…, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用;在一般过去式中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after;例如:Where did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了After a few years, she started to play the piano.几年后,她开始弹钢琴;2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作;常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用,且有明确过去的时间状语;例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球;3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思;例如:Did you see him today今天你看见他了吗3、动词过去式变换规则三、一般将来时1、结构肯定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他否定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他一般疑问句式:助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他简单回答:在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,Will not常简缩为won’t;在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时I和we时,常用助动词shall;例如:She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球;Shall we go to the zoo 我们要去动物园吗肯定句式:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他否定句式:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式:Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他简略回答:肯Yes,主语+be 否No,主语+be not2、用法1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next dayweek, month, year…, soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用;例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2表示将来经常或反复发生的动作;例如:I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你;3表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用;例如:I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭;Maybe she’ll go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆;4be going to +不定式,表示将来;①表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图;这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思;即计划,安排要发生的事;例如:What are you going to do tomorrow 明天打算作什么呢The play is going to be produced next month;这出戏下月开播;②表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生;例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了;5注意:be going to 和will之间的区别;①两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will 则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测;②两者在时间的发生上,be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而 will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来;例如:He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了;He will be better. 他的病会好起来了;③两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定;④在条件状语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿;例如:If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你将要去旅行,最好尽快做好准备;Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案;6be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事;例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告;7be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事;不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用;例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京;巩固练习:1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. 对划线部分提问________________________________________________________boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. 用often改写句子____________________________________________________will visit Brazil next week. 变成一般疑问句并否定回答________________________________________________________4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛;________________________________________________________5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊_______________________________________________________四、过去将来时1、结构:would/should+动词原形 was/were going to+动词原形2、用法:1 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中;例如:He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作;2 表示过去的某种习惯,只要would;例如:Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手;巩固练习:1、He said that he comeback tonight.2、I thought it rainsoon.五、现在进行时1、结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词2、现在进行时的用法:1表示现在指说话人说话时正在发生或进行的动作;常与now,right now,at this moment等时间状语连用;例如: We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你;2表示现阶段说话前后一段时间内,一直在进行的活动;说话时动作未必正在进行;例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说;说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态;He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题; 3表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩;例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意;4表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等;例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红;It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了;5表示按计划或安排要发生的动作;表移动的终止性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作;例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了;The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了;3、V-ing变换规则写出下列动词的现在分词形式;1、win2、relax3、jump4、make5、have6、talk7、tie8、cheer9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit巩固练习1、Bruce often writes letters in English. 用now改写句子________________________________________________________2、They are surfing. 对划线部分提问________________________________________________________3、瞧,那些孩子们玩的真高兴________________________________________________________用所给动词的正确形式填空;1. Uncle Wang usually _______ go to work by bike.2. Be quiet The patient ____________ sleep.3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _______________plant trees over there.4、Emily often _______ help her mother _________ wash clothes on Sunday.5、______ not be afraid, I ____________ show you how to reach the station.6、What ______ you ______________ do the day after tomorrow7、There ________ be an important meeting in two days.8、My aunt join the Party in 1995.六、过去进行时1、构成:was/were+动词的现在分词--ing2、用法:1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用;例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营;2)表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作;例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假;3)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行;例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨;When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂;4)在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用;但是过去进行时往往是表示背景;例如:One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字;突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……巩固练习:1、Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes2、As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A. read;was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell七、现在完成时1、构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词2、现在完成时的用法1表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用;例如:Have you ever cooked at home 你吃晚饭了吗You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多;2表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续;往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句;Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度,提问用How long.例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了; They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了;3 现在完成时需注意的问题:①表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等;例如:He has joined the army for five years. 错误He has been in the army for five years.正确②非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用;即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的;例如:I have received his letter for a month.错I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 对③不能和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two daysago等;4have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:have/has gone to:是说去某地方了,即在那个地方或者是在去那个地方的途中Have/has been to:去过什么地方,即现在已经不在那个地方了例如: has gone to Lanzhou 去了兰州现在在兰州或者在去兰州的路上I have never been to Beijing去过北京现在已经不在北京了3、过去分词的变换:过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见教科书末页不规则动词表;写出下列动词的过去分词形式;1、bring2、catch3、do4、find5、eat6、get7、forget8、cut9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell4、比较一般过去时与现在完成时①一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, inOctober, just now等;②现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间状语连用;例如:I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了Why did you get up so early 强调起床的动作已发生过了He has been a League member for three years. 强调他是团员巩固练习:1、-Do you know our town at all-No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming2、-Have you ____ been to our town before-No, it's the first time I ___ here.A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come3、Do you know ________A. how long has he lived hereB. how long he has lived hereC. he has lived here how longD. he has lived how long here八、过去完成时、1、构成:助动词had+动词过去分词2、用法:1表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态;即发生的时间是过去的过去;常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用;例如:The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前,火车已经开走了;He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语;2表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态,常与for/since 引导的表示过去的时间状语连用;例如:I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我来这之前在美国住过两年;3表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等;这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等;例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来;I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢;巩固练习:1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be3、The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written, left B,were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left4、My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A. has lost, don't findB. is missing, don't findC. has lost, haven't foundD. is missing, haven't found.。

上海中考英语各语法点考点归纳

上海中考英语各语法点考点归纳

上海中考英语各语法点考点归纳Article:There are certain rules when it comes to using articles in English。

Let's take a look at them.Firstly。

there are some fixed phrases that always use "the"。

such as "in the middle of"。

"go to the ___"。

"play ___/guitar"。

"in the end"。

and "the same"。

On the other hand。

there are some phrases that don't require any article。

such as "by bus"。

"play football"。

"play chess"。

"go to school"。

"go to bed"。

"at first"。

and "lose weight"。

Finally。

there are some phrases that requirethe use of "a"。

such as "catch a bus"。

"in a hurry"。

and "take a walk".Secondly。

when it ___。

we don't usually use "the" beforethe name of a country or a city。

上海初三英语知识点

上海初三英语知识点

上海初三英语知识点一、动词不定式1. 构成:动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成。

2. 用法:a) 作主语:动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数。

如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.b) 作宾语:后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish,would like等。

如:We hope to get there before dark.c) 作宾语补足语:有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同。

如:remember to do(记住要做某事);remember doing(记得曾经做过某事);forget to do (忘记要做某事)。

二、感官动词1. 五个感官动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel。

2. 用法:感官动词后接形容词,如:The music sounds good.三、变化动词1. 变得:become,get,grow,turn等。

2. 不变:stay,remain,keep等。

四、代词1. 单数:both,either,neither,all,every,none等。

2. 复数:yours,ours,theirs等。

五、情态动词1. 可能性:can,may,might,could等。

2. 能力:can,be able to等。

3. 允许:can,may等。

4. 建议:can,may,could等。

六、疑问词1. 常用疑问词:what,how,why,where,when,who,which等。

2. 特殊疑问词:how often,how soon,how long,how much等。

七、时态1. 一般现在时:表示习惯动作或现在事实。

2. 一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或事实。

3. 一般将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或事实。

沪教版初三英语复习知识点全集

沪教版初三英语复习知识点全集

沪教版初三英语复习知识点全集语法部分
1. 时态:
- 一般现在时:表示经常性或惯性的动作或状态
- 现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作
- 一般过去时:表示在过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态
- 过去进行时:表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作
- 现在完成时:表示过去某个时刻开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态
- 过去完成时:表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态
2. 名词、代词、形容词:
- 名词:用于表示人、事物、地方等名字的词语,分为可数名词和不可数名词
- 代词:用来代替人或事物的名称,分为人称代词和物称代词
- 形容词:用量词修饰的词语,用于给人或物加以描述
3. 副词、介词、连词:
- 副词:用来修饰动词、形容词等词语,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等
- 介词:用来表达方位、时间、动作、比较、原因等含义
- 连词:用来连接并列分句、并列词组等
阅读部分
1. 阅读技巧:快速寻找主题句,了解段落大意,找到重点词汇,理解词汇的上下文含义。

2. 阅读题型:
- 主旨大意题:考查对段落大意的理解
- 细节理解题:考查对细节信息的理解
- 推理判断题:考查对文章的推理能力
- 下文内容预测题:考查对文章描写情节的把握程度
写作部分
1. 写作技巧:连贯、清晰、有条理,使用句型和词汇丰富的表达方式。

2. 写作题型:
- 书信类:包括感谢信、邀请函、建议信等
- 日记类:包括情感、书信、报道等
- 作文类:包括议论文、说明文、描述文等
以上是初三英语复习的所有知识点,复习过程中要有针对性,结合自己的不足,进行针对性复习。

祝您复习顺利!。

上海中考英语知识点

上海中考英语知识点

上海中考英语知识点一、词汇与语法:1. 名词的复数形式(普通名词直接加-s,以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es);2.代词的使用及其形式(主格、宾格、物主代词等);3. 形容词的比较级和最高级形式(加-er / -est、变音词和不规则变化);4.动词的时态、语态和不定式形式(一般现在时、现在分词和过去分词形式);5.副词的用法和形式(修饰动词、形容词和副词);6.介词的选择和使用(时间、地点、方式等);7.连词的使用(并列连词、选择连词、从属连词等);8. 表示因果关系的连词(because, so, therefore, because of, due to等);9.祈使句的用法和否定形式;10.数词的表示方式(基数词、序数词和分数);11. 冠词的用法(不定冠词a/an、定冠词the和零冠词);12. 疑问词的用法(what, which, how, when等);13. 关系代词的使用(that, which, who, whom, whose);14.比较从句和原因状语从句的使用;15.特殊疑问句的构成及回答形式;16.非谓语动词的用法(不定式、动名词和现在分词);17.句型转换(否定句、一般疑问句、反意疑问句的转换);18.直接引语和间接引语的转换;19.祈使句的转换;20.同义句的转换(关键词的替换);二、阅读理解:1.看图片并回答问题;2.根据文章内容选择正确答案;3.补全对话或短文;4.根据上下文推测词义;5.表达主旨大意;6.理解文章结构(并列句、因果关系等);7.分段理解;8.修改或改正句子中的错误;9.理解人物态度和观点;10.找出文章中的细节信息;三、完形填空:1.根据上下文选择正确的词语填空;2.根据句子结构和语法规则进行选词填空;3.根据文章结构和逻辑关系进行选词填空;4.根据语境推断词义进行选词填空;6.发现词语之间的逻辑关系进行选词填空;7.分析上下文的时态和语态来判断动词的形式;8.根据文章的标题和主题来选择合适的词语;四、书面表达:1.根据提示写一篇短文或日记;2.根据给定的关键词写一篇文章;3.用不同句型描述图片或图表;4.给出指令,要求学生用英语写一篇作文;5.根据文章要求完成书信、邀请函、便条等的写作;6.表达自己的观点和看法;7.描述事物的特点和过程;8.结合连接词和副词表达并列和递进的关系;9.使用各类修辞手法(比喻、排比、反问等);10.注意语法、用词和句子结构的准确性。

上海九年级英语知识点

上海九年级英语知识点

上海九年级英语知识点一、词汇知识点1. 同义词替换:词汇的灵活运用是英语学习中的重要一环。

同义词替换可以帮助加强语言表达能力,提升写作水平。

2. 常见词汇搭配:学习和记忆一些常见的词汇搭配可以帮助我们在口语和写作中使用得更加准确,使表达更加流利。

二、语法知识点1. 时态的正确运用:在句子中正确运用时态,能够明确表达出过去、现在和将来的概念,使句子更具时效性。

2. 名词单复数的转换:正确运用名词的单复数形式可以准确表达数量,同时注意不同名词变化规则的掌握。

3. 形容词与副词的区别和用法:形容词描述名词的性质和特征,副词则修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,正确使用可以让句子更加生动。

4. 介词的正确使用:正确使用介词可以帮助准确表达位置、方向、时间、原因等概念,增强句子的表述能力。

三、阅读理解技巧1. 主旨大意的把握:通过阅读理解题,我们需要准确把握文章的主旨大意,从而迅速定位答案,提高解题效率。

2. 猜词猜句:阅读中经常会遇到一些生词和生句,这时我们可以通过上下文来推测词义和句意,提高阅读理解能力。

3. 推理判断:阅读理解题中的推理判断类题目需要我们通过对文章逻辑的理解和推理,进行正确的判断。

四、写作技巧1. 开头结尾的写作技巧:一个好的开头和结尾能够吸引读者的注意力,给人留下深刻的印象。

2. 运用连接词:使用适当的连接词,可以使文章的段落结构更加紧密,句与句之间更加流畅。

3. 使用丰富的句型:使用不同的句型可以使文章更具变化性,提高写作技巧。

五、听力技巧1. 注意关键词:在听力材料中,关键词是我们捕捉信息和理解内容的关键,需要我们重点抓取。

2. 注意听力顺序词:顺序词如首先、然后、最后等在听力中起到先后顺序和时间顺序的作用,需要我们注意理解。

3. 提醒词的作用:一些提醒词如but、however等可以帮助我们理解上下文中的转折关系。

六、口语表达技巧1. 夸张法:适当运用夸张手法可以增加语言的表现力,让口语更加生动有趣。

上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳

上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳

冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词:by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America,但是the United Sates 要加the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三.一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月,next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,De cember四、宇宙中独一无二的事物,序数词,形容词最高级,only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆:一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。

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近五年中考题考点整理Part II 基础 第一部分 选择题一 . 人称代词32. The volunteers love _________ students in that small village in thewest of China.A) they B) them C) their 33. Did Mary visit that old town by _______ last week?32. Wehave decided to try __________ best to raise charity.A) us B) our C) we D) ours32. Myparents showed ________ someold pictures memories .A)I B)me C)my D)mine1.Do you see that good-looking young man? _________ is a famous Korean film star.A) He B) His C) Him D) Himself二.不定代词34. New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and is South Island.A) another B) the other C) other D) the others36. “Have ______ try, you are so close to the answer, ”the teacher said to Eric.A) the other B) one another C) other D) another三.形容词、副词36. Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks ___________ in thepink dress!A) lovely B) quietly C) politely D) happily37. Everyone likes Kevin because he talks to others _______ .A) friendly B) lovely C) politely D) luckily41. Landing on the moon sounds ______ . I hope I can go there one day.A) wonderful B) wonderfully C) terrible D) terribly35. The baby feels ________ while his mother holds him in her arms.A) save B) safe C) safely D) safety39. Myold neighbour Charles felt __________ after his children movedout .A)lonely B)safely C)angrily D)happily四.连词37. We will have no water to drink ________ we don't protect the earth.A) until B) before C) though D) if38. Money is importa nt. _______ i t can't buy everyth ing.A) for B)but C)or D) so39. Which one is heavier, the woode n ball ______ the iron ball?A) or B) and C) but D) so40. Tim didn 'have dinner ________ he finished watching the cartoon.A) while B) unl ess C) un til D) sinceD) themselvesA) her B) she C) hers D) herselfmore moneyfor the local that brought back sweet37. Martin and his frie nds did n't eat up all the food they ordered, __ they took the rest away.A) for B) or C) so D) as38. Peter will cook for his parents __ the International Day' of Families comes.A) unl ess B) whe n C) un til D) though42.Which do you prefer to use to keep in touch with your friends ,QQ __________ M SN?A)and B)but C)or D)so43. I hate travelling by air you usually have to wait for hoursbefore the pla ne takes off.A)because B)though C)un til D)unl ess11. ______________________________________ John didn 'give up looking for a job ______________________________________ he got an offer froma Germa n compa ny.A) until B) since C) because D) if40. _____ Tony _______ Frank likes the CD. They thi nk the music is toon oisy.A) Neither... nor B) Either...or C) Both...a nd D) Notonl y...but also6.Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. of them are partof his family.A) Both B) All C) No ne D) Neither五.时态语态39. Today is Father's Day. My mother ____________ a specialdinner for my gran dpa now.A) prepare B) prepared C) is prepari ng D)will prepare40. Tina and her parents ___________ t o En gla nd for sightsee ing last summer.A) go B)we nt C) will goD)have gone41. The Harry Potter books ___________ p retty popular since theywere published.A) become B) will become C) have become D) arebeco ming42. A Disn eyla nd Park in Sha nghai Pudo ng New Area in the n ear future.A) builds B) has built C) will build D)will be built42. Soon you _______ a senior high school student. Isn ' it exciting!A) become B) will become C) became D) have become43. I ________ a copy of Yi Zhongtian ' book yet. I might buy one tomorrow.A) hadn 'bought B) don 'buy C) won'tbuy D) haven ' bought44. The volunteers __ a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.A) offered B) will offer C) are offering D) have offered45. The stude nts the Art Festival whe n I passed by their school.A) celebrate B) were celebrati ng C) will celebrate D) have celebrated46. Jenny told me that she __ an En glish Speech Con test the next mon th.A) takes part in B) is tak ing part in C) took part in D)would take part in44. Look, so many passengers __________ with their smart phones on the underground .A)played B)will play C)are playi ng D)have played45. The schoolboy to the bli nd man on his Way home yesterday after noonA)apologizes B)apologized C)will apologize D)has apologized14.Susa n and Lily tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday.A) pick B) are pick ing C) will pick D) were pick ing15. By the end of last week, she ______ n the west of China for two mon thshelp ing the homeless childre n.A) will stay B) has stayed C) would stay D) had stayed12. _____ A unt Lucy will tell us someth ing about her trip to Australia whe n she________ ack.A) came B) comes C) would come D) will come48. rm sure that stri cter roles to con trol ci garette smok ing ______ very soon.A) made B) will make C) were made D) will be made46. After Don ghai Bridge ________ , it becamea n ewtourist attract ion.A) completed B) complete C) is completed D) was completed六.固定搭配45. -Would you like to play table tennis with me?-I don 'feel like it. I would rather __________ at home and watch TV.A) stay B) to stay C) stayi ng D) stayed41. Stop ______ about the traffic. Just thi nk about what we can do toimprove it.A) complain B) to complain C) complaining D) complained42. Don't jump to a conclusion! Let's __ the problem first.A) to discuss B) discuss C) discusseddiscussing 47.Even Tony 's granddaughter ,a five-year-old smoking .A)give up B)gave up C)to give upA)take B)took C)to take D)taking 2.More and more people in Shanghai choose to go towork ____________________________________________________underground.A) in B) with C) by D) for3.Students are encouraged to share their learning experience _________ their classmates.A) open B) to open C) opened D) opening17.I wouldn 't mind _________ a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well.A) having B) to have C) have D) had43. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished ________the email.A) write B) to write C) writing D) wrote44. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _______the public rules.A) obey B) to obey C) obeying D)obeyed七.情态动词45. Everyone _____ go through the security check ( 安检 ) when entering the World Expo Park.A) can B) may C)must D) ought39. With the help of the new technology, you __ e-mail your friends by mobile phone.A) can B) must C) need D) should 40.— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you ,Dad?— No , you _______ , son . You 're free to make your own decision .A)can 't B)mustn 't C)shouldn 't D)needn 't9. All passengers go through safety check before they take a plane.A) can B) may C) must D) ought44. You _______ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy.A) can 't B) shouldn 't C) needn 't D) mustn 't八.感叹句D)girl , asked him _________ D)giving up 48. The retired couple enjoy ________ their cameras .photos .They always go out with A) to B) in 16. Harry hasdecided school. C) at D) with_________ an online shop after graduating from47. _______ exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A) How B)What C) What a D) What an47. ____ wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A) How B) What C) What a D) What an13. The robot can help me sweep the floor. ______ smart invention itis!A) What B) What a C) What an D) How九.疑问词46. — __________ is it from here to the railway station?—About ten kilometres.A) How far B) How fast C) How soon D) How often38.—_________ have you been in the sports club?— _________ Since the first month I came to the school .A)How old B)How long C)How much D)How soon5. ___________ can you finish the report on food safety?—In two days.A) How far B) How much C) How often D) How soon43. -- _____ do millions of online users visit the home page of thegovernment?-- To read the news and search for the information they need.A) When B) Where C) Why D) What十.宾语从句48. I want to know _____________ .A) when we should arrive at the airport B) when should we arrive at the airportC) when the airport we should arrive at D) when the airport should we arrive at46.The official said they ________ a new law to protect the touriststhe next year .A)makes B)would make C)made D)have made 十一名词33. You can get much ___________ about the World Expo on theInternet.A) map B) picture C) ticket D) information51. The customers are pleased with the_ ________ of the restaurant.A) bala nee B) experie nee C) surfaceD)service34. After moving to their new house, the Lees bought some _____________ i n the mall n earby.A) furniture B) chair C) table D) shelf36. The student didn 'find much ____________ a bout the topic on thatwebsite .A)report B)article C)i nformati onD)story35 . A lot of foreigners _________ familiar with the famous places of in terest in Chi naA)am B)is C)are4.The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars to Sha nghai.A) am B) is C) are D) be D)beon their way back十二。

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