英汉翻译第11章(定语从句)
英汉基础翻译要点—定语从句的译法PPT课件

5.2 译成后置的并列分句
• A.一些结构较复杂,或者意思上又较强的独立性 的限定性定语从句,通常可译为后置的并列分句。 采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词, 有时可在这词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”等, 以使译文明确。如:
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• 例1.But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.
• 诚然,一个宏伟的重建计划也 许能为许多需要工作的人提供就
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• 例2.There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.
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• 例1.This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects.
• 在科学上没有平坦的大道,只有不 畏劳苦,沿着陡峭的山路攀登的人,
英汉互译定语从句翻译

The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment. 那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽,但还是继续进行实验。
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
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This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. *这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. *这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的 老鼠的猫。
污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。 例2. July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
七八月是天气很热的月份。
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Practice
In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 铜的电阻很小,所以广泛地用来传输电力。
Unit 11 英语定语从句的翻译

四、状译法 英语的定语从句,它从语法上看是 修饰定语从句的先行词的,但实际上限定作用不强,而是修饰 主句的谓语或全句的,起状语作用。也就是说,有些定语从句 兼有状语从句的职能,在意义上与主句有状语关系,表明原因、 结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。在这种情况下,需要灵活处 理,在准确理解英语原文的基础上,弄清楚逻辑关系,然后把 英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。
我试图提出一种理论,这种理论就我所知,还未曾 有人提出过,那就是:只有能说话的动物才能笑。 人是惟一能说话的动物,所以也是惟一能笑的动物。
定语从句单独成句,这种翻译技巧在非限制性定语从句中常 见.
This system is often referred to as the “free enterprise system” and can be contrasted to a socialist economy, which depends heavily on government planning and on public ownership of the means of production.
(二)省略先行词 如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面,在“通顺、完整” 的前提下,有时候可以不用重复先行词。
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信,说你的叔叔去世了。 They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案,采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。 After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜。
定语从句翻译

定语从句1.前置合译法(前滚翻):若定语从句较短,较简单,与先行词(名词)的关系紧密(一般来说,紧密的,为限定性从句;不紧密的,为非限定性从句),限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句(较短且有描述性的非限定),一般将从句提在先行词之前,译成“…的” 1)The action it takes at any moment can,t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.分析:后一个that引导宾语从句,指代前面的事情。
翻译:它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这件事使人们感到不安。
2)I was, to borrow from John Le Carre(插入语),the spy(间谍)who was to stay out in the cold.分析:插入语,作状语,译成汉语时,放在句首翻译:借用约翰.李.卡雷的话来说,我是一名被打入冷宫的间谍。
3)There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析:定语从句中含有定语从句,主句是when引导的定语从句,修饰a day 翻译:全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天(终究)是会到来的。
4)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译:在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。
5)We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译:给我们留下极深印象的是(同位语的翻译)即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人,对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。
定语从句汉译英

1.正在和汤姆说话的人是约翰。
2.你正在找的那位医生在房间里。
3.父亲是一位教师的小男孩来自美国。
4.这是你想要的那本书。
5.我不能忘记在北京居住的那些日子。
6.这是我住了5年的房子。
7.这就是我为什么迟到的原因。
8.你是我唯一可以依靠的人。
9.正在树下读书的那个女骇是我妹妹。
10.玛莉正在照看的那个小骇是汤姆。
11.河边的那栋楼是我们的学校。
12.这是我为什么不喜欢他的原因。
13.你认识那个叫做汤姆的人吗?14.我入团那年是1999年。
15.他住在窗户朝南开的房间里。
16.我想见一见你刚才谈起的人。
17.一周前丢失的那只山羊找到了。
18.靠窗户的那张桌子坏了。
19.这是我们都感兴趣的一个题目。
20.这是我们唯一能做的事情。
21.你知道电影的开始时间吗?22.那就是我们在法国旅行的那一年。
23.昨晚我们看的那场电影太好了。
24.你昨天借给我的书非常有趣。
25.这是我父亲曾经工作过的学校。
26.书店就是出售书籍的商店。
27.你知道我为什么早走吗?28.那就是他为什么发言的原因。
29.这就是挽救了这个男孩生命的医生。
30.他想要访问的那个人是英语老师。
31.我昨天收到的那封信来自我哥哥。
32.我永远都不会忘记入团的那一天。
33.孩子们最喜欢的运动是游泳。
34.你认为我们昨天看的那场电影怎么样?35.你们正在找的那个人现在正在办公室里等你们。
36.你正在吃的蛋糕产于上海。
37.他们想要访问的那个人是科学家。
38.我认识疑问女士她的丈夫是诺贝尔奖金的获得者。
39.李阿姨照看的那个小孩病了。
40.这就是你们昨天谈到的司机吗?41.她是我见过的最漂亮的女骇。
42.老师所做的事情没有影响到学生。
年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
44.这是我们昨天碰头的地方。
45.建了10年的那栋房子昨晚被风吹倒了。
46.我将把我所知道的每一件事都告诉你。
47.我讨厌他对我说话的方式。
48.你喜欢我们昨晚看的那场电影吗?49.那是他读过最有趣的一本书。
定语从句翻译

• 这是最为常见的一种英译汉的方式,翻译成中 文时,将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面。
• 例1:He is not the one who will give up easily. 译文:他不是一个轻易服输的人。
• 例2:Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 译文:我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。
3.译成相对独立的小分句
• 有些定语从句在修饰关系上与先行词之间关系显得较 为疏远,这时,我们通常会将定语从句译成独立的句 子。
• 例1: One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 译文:有一次暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实在是我平生所 鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
2.不翻译关系代词或关系副词
• 有些定语从句表面上是非限制性定语从句,但在意义上却已经和 主句融为了一体。在翻译时,应该将引导定语从句的关系词省略, 从而使句子的意思显得更为连贯。
• 例1: After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 译文:晚饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜。
• 二、分译法:
• 分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法, 主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句里。采用这 种方法可避免句子的冗长和累赘。这种方法一 般采用主句在前,从句在后的翻译形式,将句 子翻译成两个相对独立的小分句。
Unit11英语定语从句翻译PPT课件

详细描述:直译法是指将英文定语从句按照原文的句式和结 构进行翻译,尽可能保留原文的表达方式和意义。这种方法 能够保持原文的语气和风格,但有时可能会显得生硬或不够 流畅。
Free translation method
总结词:意译法
详细描述:意译法是指将英文定语从句按照汉语的表达习 惯进行翻译,不拘泥于原文的句式和结构,以传达原文的 含义和精神为主。这种方法能够使译文更加流畅自然,但 有时可能会牺牲原文的一些细节或风格。
translating attributive clauses • Translation exercise and answer analysis of
relative clauses
01
Introduction to relative clauses
The definition of attributive clauses
ellipsis
总结词:省略法
VS
详细描述:省略法是指将英文定语从 句中的某些成分进行省略或简化,以 使译文更加简洁明了。这种方法适用 于一些较为冗长或复杂的定语从句, 能够减少译文的篇幅和复杂度。需要 注意的是,省略法可能会牺牲原文的 一些信息或风格,因此在使用时需要 谨慎考虑。
03
Translation Practice of Attributive Clause
Answer Analysis: The correct translation of this sentence is " 中了彩票的那个人现在成了百万 富翁。" The relative clause "who won the lottery" modifies "person". In Chinese, we use "那" to indicate the specific person, and "中了彩票 的" as the modifying phrase.
英汉翻译(11)定语从句的翻译

Rendered into an Independent Sentence
• One was Newman himself, who laughed as he recounted how he had hidden in that basement for several days. • 纽曼本人就是其中的一个。他讲述他一连几天躲 在在地下室的那种情景时,不禁哈哈大笑。
• Modern man, who was enclosed by four walls and chained to an indoor job, realizes that he is shortening his days. • 现代人为室内工作所羁绊,终年幽禁在四 壁之内,深知这是在缩短自己的寿命。 • Mr. John, for whom I was working was very generous about overtime payment. • 我为琼斯先生工作,他对加班加点的报酬 很慷慨。
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二、非限定性定语从句
(一)前置法 适用于较短且具有描写性的英语非限定性的 定语从句 A little hamlet, whose roofs were blended with trees, straggled up the side of one of these hills. 房顶和树掺杂着的小村落,散布在山的一边。
(二)后置法 (1)译成并列分句 1.译成并列分句,重复关系代词所代表的含义,在译 文中后置 The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子的脸色变得苍白,要女仆把门关上,女仆叫布利 特尔关,布利特尔又叫补锅匠关,而补锅匠装着没听 见。 厂长已决定让300多名工人下岗,对此他们本人暂时 还一无所知。 The factory director has decided to lay off over three hundred workers, none of whom knows anything about it.
2.译成表“结果”的分句 She seeks happiness in selfish enjoyment, where it can never be found. 她在自私的享乐中寻求幸福,结果是永远也 找到不幸福。 主任让我明天交报告,我只好晚上加班了。 The chief told me to hand in the report tomorrow, which means I have to put in some extra hours this evening.
4.译成表“目的”的分句 He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. 他想写一篇文章,以便引起公众对这件事的 注意。 5. 译成表“条件”“假设”的分句
Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be drived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果以为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来,他就是 一个唯心主义者 6.译成表“伴随”的分句 He always makes fun of anyone with whom he chats. 他老是一边和人聊天,以便和他开玩笑。
Exercises:
1. He was not at ease with those who made diplomacy heir profession, particularly ambassadors. 2. The great inviolate place had the ancient permanence which the sea cannot claim. 3. the face she lifted to her dancers was the same which, when she saw him, always looked like a window that has caught the sunset. 4. Occasionally, there would be the days when my depression would dissipate temporarily.
译文: 1 ) 会把知识分子定义为这样的人:他把用苏格拉底方式思 考道德问题作为人生的主要任务和乐趣。 2)知识分子的作用与法官相似,他必须接受一种义务,那就 是在尽可能清楚的事情中揭示导致其做出决定的推理过程。 3)我之所以把普通科学家排除在外,是因为尽管他的成就可 能有助于解决道德问题,但他还没承担起研究道德问题事实 方面以外的任何责任。 4) 知识分子可能很会教书,而且不仅仅是挣工资,但是他 们大部分人对涉及道德判断的人类问题很少或者根本不进行 独立思考。 5) 但是,普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道 德规范,正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探 索一样。
一、限定性定语从句
(一)前置法 They were sons of the men who had left their homes and gone to the mountains with their broads swords by their side. 他们就是那些抛妻别子,身背大刀进入深山的好汉们 的后代。 道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名 The Tao that is utterable is not the external Tao; the name that is namable is not the external name.
2.译成并列分句,省略关系代词所代表的含 义 When she was lost to his view ,he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky ,where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly. 直到看不见她了,他才向家走去,有时抬头 望望天空,乌云在翻滚奔驰。
(二)后置法 1.译成并列分句,重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which,in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想努力,这个理想是每个中国 人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲 了自己的生命。 The lion eats the zebra that eats the grass. The snake catches the toad that eats the insects that nibbles the green leaves. 狮子吃斑马,斑马吃青草。虫子吃绿叶,蛤蟆嚼虫子, 蛇吞癞蛤蟆。
2.译成并列分句,省略英语先行词 A fuel is a material that will burn under a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质,在适当的温度下能够燃烧 并放出热量。
(三)融合法 There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 “we are a nation that must beg to stay a live” said he. 我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。
译文赏析 (2006 年全国英语考研翻译试题 ): 1 ) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic( 苏格拉底 ) way about moral problems. 2 ) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 3 ) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 4 ) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 5 ) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems , which involve moral judgment.
英语定语成分与汉语定语成分差异: 1.从位置上看,汉语中定语一般前置,且不宜过长, 汉语习惯用短词,短句;英语中的除单词外的定语 一般后置,长而复杂。 2.从功能上看,汉语的定语只对中心词起修饰和限 定作用,而英语的定语成分除起修饰和限定作用之 外,还含有补充,交代细节,分层叙述,以及表示 条件,原因,目的,结果,让步,转折或假设等关 系。
本课件版权属于河北工程大学经管学院徐运 红老师。版权所属,谨慎使用!
Engli(英汉翻译 )
Linda
第十一章 定语从句的翻译
定语从句是汉语中没有,英语中广泛使用的从句之一。 英国语法家罗伯特.瓦伦丁(Robert Balentine): “Attributives are to a sentence what feather are to a peacock. As fine feathers make a fine bird, so graceful attributes make a graceful sentence.” “定语之于句子,犹如羽毛之于孔雀。只有漂亮的羽毛 才能装饰成美丽的孔雀;同样,优雅的定语才能修饰 出美妙的句子。”