英汉笔译基础第10章句子翻译二
10.1 被动句的翻译
B. 在英语被动句中，施事，即“动作的执行 者”常被省略，在译成汉语时，常须补上。
At one time it was thought that the earth is the center of the universe.
译文：至少五百万美国人正在接受糖尿病的治 疗，而还有五百万人在他们的一生中迟早会患 此病。
10.1 被动句的翻译
D. 变句中状语为主语译成汉语主动句。 Table tennis is played all over China. 译文：中国到处打乒乓球。 English is spoken in Britain, the US, and
10.1 被动句的翻译
The murderer was arrested by the police. 译文：凶手被警察抓住了。 The reform and open policy is supported by
事译成汉语句子的主语。 A new way of displaying time has been
given by electronics. 译文：电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方
法。
10.1 被动句的翻译
Your name has been recommended to us by the Chinese Consul stationed in your city as large exporter of Electric Appliances goods produced in America.
corruption. 译文： ( )必须采取有力措施防止腐败问题。 No signal is detected. 译文： ( )没有检测到信号。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.4 译成汉语被动句 当英语被动句在语义上着重谓语动词本身的意
义，强调被动的动作时，可用汉语的被动结构 来翻译。此时,原文句子的主语一般仍译作主 语，在谓语动词前加“被、给、叫、遭、受、 由、用、靠”等，或用“为…所、加以、予以 、得到”来表示被动意义。
译文：他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有 完全消除。
10.1 被动句的翻译
At least five million Americans are being treated for diabetes, and another five million will develop it sometime in their lives.
LOGO
英汉笔译基础教程
Basics of English to Chinese Translation第十章 句子翻译（二）
由于英汉语言习惯、思维方式的差异，英语 有些句子结构在理解时容易出错，翻译成汉 语时如果不从技巧上加以处理，容易残留翻 译腔，以致译文不地道，难以令人接受。
本章探讨其中三类英语句子结构的翻译方法 ：被动句、否定句和比较结构。
10.1 被动句的翻译
Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.
译文：时间沙滩上的足迹不是坐出来的。/千 秋功业非坐而可得。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.3 译成汉语无主句 英语和汉语中都存在这样一种情况：有时可
第十章 句子翻译（二）
10.1 被动句的翻译 10.2 否定句的翻译 10.3 比较结构的翻译
10.1 被动句的翻译
英语是形合语言，注重形态变化，如果主语是 受事，句子必须用被动语态。因此，英语里被 动句的应用相当广泛。
而汉语被动句的使用范围相当狭窄。句型注重 内在的逻辑关系而不是形式的变化。如果汉译 时被动句用多了，就会显得别扭。
因此，翻译时要根据英汉形合意合的差异灵活 采用恰当的方法来处理。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.1 译成汉语主动句 10.1.2 译成汉语判断句 10.1.3 译成汉语无主句 10.1.4 译成汉语被动句
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.1 译成汉语主动句 A. 英语句子的受事主语译成宾语，by后的施
some other countries. 译文：英国、美国和其他一些国家讲英语。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.2 译成汉语判断句 汉语中常用“是…的”这一句式来说明人和事物
的客观情况。在翻译实践中，一般将英语中用来 说明客观情况的被动句转译成汉语的这一句式。 The Alps were formed this way when Africa bashed into Europe 130 million years ago. 译文：阿尔卑斯山脉就是这样在一亿三千万年前 非洲猛烈撞上欧洲时形成的。
能无从说出动作的执行者，或没有必要说出 动作的实行者。遇到这种情况，英语用被动 句，汉语用无主句。这种句型虽然没有形式 上的主语，但在不同的语言环境中都能表达 完整而明确的意义。这种方法经常用来翻译 英语句子中不带by短语并且含有情态动词的 句子。
10.1 被动句的翻译
They can't be allowed to do that. 译文：( )不能听任他们那样做。 Strong measures should be taken to prevent
译文：人们曾经认为地球是宇宙的中心。
10.1 被动句的翻译
Your early reply will be highly appreciated. 译文：如你方能早日回信，我们将非常感激。
10.1 被动句的翻译
C. 保留原文主语，译成汉语主动句。
The sense of inferiority that he acquired when he was a child has never been totally eradicated.
Lesson 10 汉语特殊句式的翻译(2)PPT课件
Cutting/dividing
❖ ⑴汉语长句中若含有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，宜 分译
❖ 盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心 凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住 要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！
❖ No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!
❖ ② applying the original structure ❖ ③ changing the original structure ❖ the most urgent task: discern its main idea
and the layout of the structure
13
the passive. True, passive structures do exist in the
Chinese language, but not so commonly as in English.
Chinese passive structures may be roughly classified into
12
❖ The usual methods adopted in translating long Chinese sentences:
❖ ① Cutting/dividing : cutting the long sentence into several sections regardless of the punctuation marks.
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 10(2) 倒装-否定
10.5 否定结构 (Negative Structure)
英、汉语表示否定意义时，在词汇、语法和语言逻辑等方面存在 一定差异。英语的否定结构有时比较复杂，有些句子形式上虽然是否 定，但表达的却是肯定意义：还有一些句子形式上是肯定的，但实质 却表达了否定意义。 翻译中，应根据语境仔细分析原否定结构，准确判断出其实际含 义以及否定词所否定的对象或范围，然后再根据其逻辑意义，选择合 乎汉语习惯的表达形式进行翻译。
Negative Structure 否定句型
4. 部分否定 (Partial negation) / 不完全否定 常见形式： 含“部分”意义的代词或副词与否定式谓语连用：some，somebody， something，somewhere，somewhat，sometimes，等等 Sometimes you can’t make it on your own. 有时候，你不能独自承担一切。 总括词，即某些含有“整体”、“全部”意义的代词或副词，与否 定词连用：every, both, everybody, everything，always, entirely, altogether, everywhere，等等 1)Not every conclusion can hold water. 并非每个结论都能站得住脚。 2)That will not always be the case. 情况不会永远是这样。 Note：“总括词 + 肯定式谓语 + 含否定意义的词” 结构，是全部否 定 如：Everything is impossible. 一切都不可能。 All germs are invisible to the naked eye. 所有细菌都是肉眼看不见的。
1. 显形否定 (Overt negation) 否定含义较为直观明显 —使用否定词：not, no, never, nor, nobody, nothing, 等等 —带有否定前缀或后缀的词：dis-, un-, in/im-, non-, -less，等 —含否定意义的句型：too… to…，would rather… than…, neither… nor…，等等 1) Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责便是没人负责。 2) This dictionary was nowhere to be found. 这本词典哪里也找不到了。 3) It was impossible to fault the old actor’s performance. 要在这位老演员的表演中挑出毛病是不可能的。 4) In the years that followed, he continued to organize several non-violent protests against the racial discrimination. 在此之后，他继续组织了多次反对种族歧视的非暴力抗议活动。 5) If this substance can not conduct electricity, neither will it conduct heat. 如果这种物质不导电，它也就不传热。
第10周英汉翻译自学内容
• 1. 增（加）词的目的是为了照顾另一种语 言的文法特征和描述规律，使译文更加通 顺自然。 • 2. 减词不减义，追求所谓的“精练、简洁 ”而随随便便减词则是“漏译”。
• • • • • • • •
•
• • •
1.He maintain that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance. 译文：他坚持认为，只有通过勤奋工作加上不懈的努力才会取得好的成 绩。（该译文增加了什么词？） 2. We should be pleased to let you have samplers to give a demonstration at your premises. 译文一：能为您奉赠品在贵厅展出，我们甚感欣慰。 译文二：欣奉我样品，在贵厅展出。 （该译文省略了什么内容？） 3. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 译文：1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。（该译文增 加了什么词？） 4. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill. 译文：事情往往是这样，失却之物，方知珍惜；生了病才知道健康之可 贵。（该译文增加了什么词？） 5.We are looking forward with interest to your reply. 译文一：我们带着极大的兴趣盼望贵方的答复。 译文二：盼复。 （该译文省略了什么内容？）
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第十单元 目的句视译
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 in case 汉译时经常变成语义链接， 不一定使用直接对应词，在此也可以 译成“以防”、“目的是”等。为了 最大限度地保证汉语译文的表达力， 视译时应尽量使用标准的汉语口语词 汇。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
第10单元目的句视译英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第10单元目的句视译目的句属常见句式英语里无论是不定式表达目的还是完整句子表达目的可出现于句首句中或句末中文目的词组或目的句却常见于句首或句末而鲜见于句中因此视译时需灵活应对以符合汉语表达习惯为宗旨
第10单元 目的句视译
上篇 英译汉 英汉汉英视译教程
第10单元 目的句视译
第10单元 目的句视译 （例段）
〈译评〉 （1）有时，英语同位语很长，可以按照独立 句子翻译，视译时便简化了后续翻译。 （2）英文插入式引导语常见句中或句末，视 译时应尽可能地放在句首，更符合汉语习惯。 （3）英语不定式做目的，可见于句首、句中 或句末，中文简短目的句常见于句首或句末， 而鲜见于句中，因此视译时对于目的句的位 置有时需做适当调整。 （4）最后一句提示我们，在很多语意相同或 相近的情况下，不妨使用中文的固定成语或四 字词语，译文会更加通达易懂。
【视译】 已有不少书籍试图论证飞碟来自外太空。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 笔译版本没有进行去原语化处理，会使 听众感到费解，这是经验不足的视译译 员经常情不自禁会犯的错误，原因是转 换时间短暂，来不及去掉原语思维， 可 见多加练习的必要性。此句也可以翻译 成“试图论证飞碟来自外太空的书籍已不 鲜见”。
western areas, where labor costs are lower.
英汉汉英翻译教程第十章 习语的翻译
10.5 折中译法 10.6 略译法、补译法、直 译加注法 10.7 不含文化意象的习语
一、折中译法
中英文化差异导致语言表达上的悬 殊，是的许多习语无法使用异化或归化 译法进行翻译，勉强使用的话，只会产 生风格不符和意义扭曲等问题，读者无 法理解和接受。在这种情况下只好退而 求其次，使用折中译法，化去原文中的 意象，译出其核心意义，这种译法文珊
高志娟
陈春柳
• 牛海绵状脑病（Bovine spongiform encephalopathy，简称BSE），俗称疯牛 病（mad cow disease），是由传染因子引 起的牛的一种进行性神经系统的传染性疾 病，是一种传染性海绵状脑病。该病的主 要特征是牛脑发生海绵状病变，并伴随大 脑功能退化，临床表现为神经错乱、运动 失调、痴呆和死亡。
• 4.Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday. • 他没有认识奥斯本之前，已经暗暗佩服他。 如今便成了他的听差，他的狗，他的忠仆 星期五。 • 星期五(Friday)是《鲁滨逊漂流记》故事 中Robinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆。
Examples:
• 1.“三十六计，走为上计”应译为 The best stratagem is to quit, 因为英美人不 知道中国古代兵法有著名的“三十六计”， 如果译成Of the thirty-six stratagems, the best is to quit,英美读者可能会纠缠在thirtysix这个数字上，造成误解。 • 2.“一朝一夕”译为overnight
英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 10 Speeches.doc
Unit 10 SpeechesLesson 28(E—C)Speech by President Nixon of the United States at Welcoming Banquet21 February 1972Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening,On behalf of all your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute,not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this vry moment through the wonder of relecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. If our two people are enemies the future of this world we share together is dark indeed. But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to tald across it.译文：美国总统尼克松在欢迎宴会上的讲话1972年2月21日总理先生，今天晚上在座的诸位贵宾：我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。
Lesson 10 汉语特殊句式的翻译(2)PPT课件
certainly be scolded.
2
❖ However, not all Chinese sentences with passive labels should be translated by using the English passive voice pattern. Here are examples:
❖ s. 众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。
❖ It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of the ancient Chinese people.
❖ t. 据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。
structure.
1
1. Chinese sentences with passive labels
❖ This category includes such Chinese expressions as “被、受、遭、给、让、挨、叫、 为…所、加以、予以”, and so on. We may simply copy the Chinese passive structure in translating them into English.
the passive. True, passive structures do exist in the
Chinese language, but not so commonly as in English.
Chinese passive structures may be roughly classified into
英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元...
英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元...笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元英译汉（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元英译汉（一）Center on Israel-Palestine IssuesThe many controversial issues concerning Palestine and the path to peace for Israel are intensely debated among Israelis and throughout other nations – but not in the United States. For the past 30 years, I have witnessed and experienced the severe restrains on any free and balanced discussion of the facts. This reluctance to criticize policies of the Israeli government is due to the extraordinary lobbying efforts of the American-Israel Political Action Committee and the absence of any significant contrary voices.It would be almost politically suicidal for members of Congress to assume a balanced position between Israel and Palestine, to suggest that Israel comply with international law to speak in defense of justice or human rights for Palestinians.What is even more difficult to comprehend is why the editorial pages of the major newspapers and magazines in the US exercise similar self-restraint, quite contrary to private assessments expressed forcefully by their correspondents in the Holy Land.My new book, Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, is devoted to1 / 3Unit 10 EN-CH (I) Center on Israel-Palestine Issuescircumstances and events in Palestine and not in Israel, where democracy prevails and citizens live together and are legally guaranteed equal status. It is already possible to judge public andmedia reaction.Book reviews in the mainstream media have been written mostly by representatives of Jewish organizations who would be unlikely to visit the occupied territories, and their primary criticism is that the book is anti-Israel. Two members of Congress have been publicly critical. Some reviews posted on /doc/471360111.html, called me “anti-Semitic,” and others accuse the book of “lies” and “distortions”.Out in the real world, however, the response has been overwhelmingly positive.课文词汇Palestine 巴勒斯坦Israel 以色列Israeli 以色列人lobby 游说Palestinian 巴勒斯坦人the Holy Land 圣地（指巴勒斯坦）apartheid 种族隔离anti-Semitic 反犹的参考译文卡特谈巴以问题有关巴勒斯坦的问题和以色列走向和平道路的问题在以色列人和许多其他民族引起激烈争论，但它在美国却是个例外。
英汉互译 第十单元重点词汇及句子
旅游资料
重点单词学习 P261
Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫 Globe [ɡləʊb] Theatre ['θɪətə(r)] 全球剧场 Mrs. Thatcher ['θætʃə(r)]撒切尔夫人（英国前 首相） Chinese Cantonese [ˌkæntə‘niːz] 广东话 Mandarin [‘ is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho.
在索霍的影剧院区域中心有一个小小的中 国城（唐人街）。
P272
据科学工作者考察，这里的山体系石灰岩 地质，黄龙景观实为岩溶地貌。 Scientific investigation prove 证明that the mountains here are of a limestone [‘laɪmstəʊn] 石灰石composition组成, and that the Yellow Dragon is actually a geological [ˌdʒiːə’lɒdʒɪkl]地 质学的 formation unique to a karst [kɑːst] [地] 喀斯特（石灰岩地区常见的地形） region.
那里有仅次于南美洲的最大最靓丽的街道 狂欢节庆祝活动，但也有歹徒、吸毒和种 族歧视现象。
P271
山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名“黄 龙古寺”。 On the top the hill stands the remains of the Huanglong Monastery [‘mɒnəstri] 修道院, a Taoist retreat [rɪ’triːt] 隐居地
自考英语笔译教材Lesson 10 ex
翻译技法：短语 翻译技法： 转译为形容词 6
翻译技法： 翻译技法：介词转 译成动词
翻译技法： 翻译技法：动词转 1107英汉 英汉 译成名词
After a period of dramatic shifts in economic policy, China has decided on a stable and promising economic course. It is aimed at adjusting the pace of modernization to China’s resource capabilities and its goal of major increases in employment, providing incentives for agricultural and industrial productivity; strengthening light, labor intensive industries, using technology to modernize and promote the technological transformation of existing industries; and removing bottlenecks imposed by energy and transportation constraints.
Lesson 10 exercise
9
2005/4 改译题 原文： 原文： I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively. 译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题， 译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下 五年计划中会有效地提到它 一个五年计划中会有效地提到 一个五年计划中会有效地提到它。 改译：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题， 改译：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下 五年计划有效地克服这一问题 一个五年计划有效地克服这一问题。 一个五年计划有效地克服这一问题。