科技翻译主语从句的翻译
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科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧
A magnetic field is build up round the coil.
Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.
Key:
铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。
试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义：
Aluminum is light and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry. Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like.
当把一根铜丝的两端连接到一种叫做电池的电器上时，就会 有稳定的电流流过该铜丝。
The lathe should be set on a firm base． 车床应安装在坚实的底座上。(机械) As we all know，a base reacts with an acid to form a salt． 众所周知，碱与酸反应生成盐。(化学) A transistor has three electrodes，the emitter，the base and the collector． 晶体管有三个电极，即发射极，基极和集电极。(电子) Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC． AB线是三角形ABC的底边。(几何) A base of logarithms must be a positive number，not equal to One． 对数的底数必须是一个不为1的正数。(数学) He is on the second base． 他在二垒。(体育)
科技英语翻译方法
常用前后缀、词根
科技英语翻译
词类转化的译法 句子成分转换的译法 词序转变的译法 被动语态的译法 后置定语的译法 长句的译法
词类转化的译法
名词的转译
动词的转译
形容词的转译
英语中有些形容词（短语）表示“愿望、心理、情感” 等一类概念，相当于汉语的动词
专 业 英 语 Specialized English
——科技英语翻译方法
科技英语 English for Science and Technology 简称EST 是一种用英语阐述科学技术中的理论、技术、实验和现 象等的英语体系，它在词汇、语法和文体诸方面都有自 己的特点，从而形成一门专门学科。
副词的转译
介词的转译
句子成分转换的译法
所谓句子成分转换的译法，是把句子的 某一成分（如主语）译成另一成分（如宾语 等）。在多数情况下，词类转译必然导致句 子成分的转译，例如：当英语的动词转译为 汉语的名词或副词时，该动词的谓语成分也 就相应地转译为汉语的主语．宾语或状语等。 成分转换的目的是使译文通顺，符合汉 语习惯。
混成法（blending）
把两个词的一头一尾连在一起．构成一个新词。
positron=positive＋electron 正的＋电子=正电子 medicare=medical十care 医学的+照管=医疗保障 aldehyde=alcohol十dehydrogenation 醇十脱氢=醛
符号法（signs） 字母形象法（letter symbolizing） X-ray U-pipe
后置定语多
后置定语是位于其所修饰的名词之后的定语，汉语常用前 置定语或多个简单句来说明某概念或某术语，而科技英语 则更多地使用后置定语。 If we now visualize a region of space filled with a tremendous number of charges separated by minute distances. We see first that the field cannot vary with y or with z, and then that the y and z components arising from differential elements of charge symmetrically located with respect to the point at which we wish the field will cancel.
科技英语翻译中的常用技巧
1、定语倒置
•
▫
i、后置定语译为前置定语
在英语中，有时会出现两个单个词同时修饰同一 名词的情况。这时一般是形容词或名词性修饰词 在被修饰词前，分词性修饰词在被修饰词之后。
例如：
The heat energy produced is equal to the electrical energy utilized. 所产生的热能与所使用的电能相等。
设计电机
同一的 惟一的
练习
(1) All the metals are good conductors because there is a great number of free electros in them. (2) The unit smaller than a meter is called a decimeter. (3) The Industrial Revolution started in England at the second half of the 18the century. (4) The theory is of great importance that the hotter a body is, the more energy it radiates. (5) The three gas laws are true of gases as well as of air.
2、状语倒置
• ii、状语语序的倒置 例如： I was working with my two assistants (方式) in our laboratory(地点) at that moment(时间). 我那时（时间）正在实验室（地点） 与两个助手 一道（方式）工作。
3、同位语语序的倒置
科技英语翻译总结(刘文东 亲自整理)
The translation of English for science and technology.
————edited by Liu Wendong Time:2012-12-3 13:03:54
’s do some translation first. (Take out a sheet of scratch paper, please.) 一、 Now let let’
第 1 页 共 10 页
the superiority (优势)of A to B the relationship of A to B the attraction（引力）of A for B the susceptibility (磁化系数)of A to B the sensitivity (敏感性)of A to B the applicability (适用性)of A to B the perpendicularity (正交性)of A to B the immunity (免疫力)of A to [from] B the familiarity (熟悉、亲密)of A with B 2. The “noun” comes from an intransitive(不及物的) verb, in which case “A” is the logical subject of the logical action expressed by the “noun.” Translation pattern: “A。 。 。B 的～” 例：This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input. 译：该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。 例：图 1 画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。 译：Fig. 1 shows the variation of current with impedance (as a function of impedance)(the graph of current against impedance.)(versus[vs.] impedance.) the passage (走廊、通路)of A through B the motion of A round [around] B the departure of A from B the deviation of A from B 偏离 the reaction of A to B the interaction of A with B 3.A special case: the increase/reduction (decrease)[rise (fall)] in [of] A with B 译：“A 随 B 的～” 4.The “noun” comes from a transitive verb, in which case “A” is the logical object of the action expressed by the “noun.” ” is put into a transitive verb so that the “V-O ” pattern is Translation technique: The “noun noun” V-O” used. 例：In solving the problem, the resolution of this force into x- and y-components is necessary. 译：在解这个题的时候，需要把这个力分解为 x 分量 y 分量。 例：Gradually, the usefulness of microprocessors as central processing unit was realized. 译：人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器。 a comparison of A with B the transformation of A into [to] B the use of A as B the exposure of A to B the separation of A from [into] B the protection of A from B the isolation of A from B the transfer of A to B the conversion of A to [into] B 三、what 从句 what 从句属于名词性从句，它可以作主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。what 在引导 名词性从句时被称为连接代词，它在从句中充当句子成分。 （1）what 在从句中表示疑问词的含义，把它翻译成“什么”，“何”，“哪个”，“哪些”，“多大”等。 例：What particular properties this kind of particle has had not been found out. 译：尚没有发现这种粒子有什么样的特殊性质。
————edited by Liu Wendong Time:2012-12-3 13:03:54
’s do some translation first. (Take out a sheet of scratch paper, please.) 一、 Now let let’
第 1 页 共 10 页
the superiority (优势)of A to B the relationship of A to B the attraction（引力）of A for B the susceptibility (磁化系数)of A to B the sensitivity (敏感性)of A to B the applicability (适用性)of A to B the perpendicularity (正交性)of A to B the immunity (免疫力)of A to [from] B the familiarity (熟悉、亲密)of A with B 2. The “noun” comes from an intransitive(不及物的) verb, in which case “A” is the logical subject of the logical action expressed by the “noun.” Translation pattern: “A。 。 。B 的～” 例：This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input. 译：该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。 例：图 1 画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。 译：Fig. 1 shows the variation of current with impedance (as a function of impedance)(the graph of current against impedance.)(versus[vs.] impedance.) the passage (走廊、通路)of A through B the motion of A round [around] B the departure of A from B the deviation of A from B 偏离 the reaction of A to B the interaction of A with B 3.A special case: the increase/reduction (decrease)[rise (fall)] in [of] A with B 译：“A 随 B 的～” 4.The “noun” comes from a transitive verb, in which case “A” is the logical object of the action expressed by the “noun.” ” is put into a transitive verb so that the “V-O ” pattern is Translation technique: The “noun noun” V-O” used. 例：In solving the problem, the resolution of this force into x- and y-components is necessary. 译：在解这个题的时候，需要把这个力分解为 x 分量 y 分量。 例：Gradually, the usefulness of microprocessors as central processing unit was realized. 译：人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器。 a comparison of A with B the transformation of A into [to] B the use of A as B the exposure of A to B the separation of A from [into] B the protection of A from B the isolation of A from B the transfer of A to B the conversion of A to [into] B 三、what 从句 what 从句属于名词性从句，它可以作主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。what 在引导 名词性从句时被称为连接代词，它在从句中充当句子成分。 （1）what 在从句中表示疑问词的含义，把它翻译成“什么”，“何”，“哪个”，“哪些”，“多大”等。 例：What particular properties this kind of particle has had not been found out. 译：尚没有发现这种粒子有什么样的特殊性质。
科技英语翻译
12. However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared. Ａ: 然而，即便可以进行地震预测，居住在地震带 的人们的有效防震措施仍依赖于建筑物的抵抗地面 运动的结构和自我准备。 B: 然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们 还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抗震的房屋， 同时做好个人准备。
10 It took many weary centuries for man to adapt fire to his needs in different ways. A. 人类经过了许多令人厌倦的世纪才学会如 何用不同的方法使火适合自己的需要。 B. 人类经历了许多个世纪枯燥无味的摸索， 才慢慢掌握了各种不同的方法，使火为自己 服务。
(四)拘泥于句子的表层结构，而不注意深层结构。 9 Not only does the computer gather facts, (but) it also stores them as fast as they are gathered. A. 计算机不仅能汇集资料，而且会像高速汇集资料 那样储存资料。 B. 计算机不仅能高速汇集资料，而且能以同样的速 度将其存储。
2 It is highly important to prolong the life of machines by regular lubrication. A. 用经常润滑的方法来提高机器的寿命是十 分重要的。 B. 定期润滑机器，以延长其寿命，这一点十 分重要。
科技英语翻译技巧_比较全的翻译技巧汇总
Non-finite verbs（非限定动词）
由于科技文章要求书写简练、结构紧凑，因而常常使用分词短语 代替定语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不 定式代替各种从句，“介词+动名词短语”代替定语从句或状语从句。 这样，既可缩短句子，又比较醒目。
Organizational culture is a major component affecting organizational performance and behavior. A safety policy is the management ‘s expression of the direction to be followed in the organization. The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’ health and safety at work.
There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem, more than transient everydayness.
译：他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时 的柴米油盐问题。（不译“日常性”）
Technology and Science
Characteristics of Specialty English Translation Skill
Characteristics of Language Structure ：
Nouns （大量使用名词化结构）； Passive sentences （广泛使用被动句）；
科技英语中被动句的译法
科技英语中使用大量的被动语态Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。
(1) It has been calculated that only 1/10, 000 part of the energy radiated annually form the sun is taken up by plants. 据计算,太阳每年辐射(到地球上)的能量只有0.01%被植物吸收。
(植物)( 2) It was found that one of the culture dishes in which colonies of the bacteria (细菌群体) were growing had been contaminated by a colony of another organism, a mould of penicillin. 结果发现在一个培养液中正在生长的细菌菌落受到另一种菌落的感染,这种菌落就是青霉菌。
青霉菌菌落感染了一个正在培养液中生长的细菌菌落。
(微生物)(3) The surface of a metal is attacked by various gases in the atmosphere. 金属的表面受到大气中各种气体的侵蚀。
(自然现象)(4) Each of the body systems is regulated in some way by some part of the endocrine system(内分泌系统). 人体的每个系统都在某一方面由内分泌的某一腺体进行调节。
(生理现象)( 5 ) Large quantities of fuel are required by modern industry. 现代工业需要大量的燃料。
考研英语翻译技巧主语从句翻译法
考研英语翻译技巧:主语从句翻译法主语从句翻译法1)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。
Eg:It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术搞上去。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。
(主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出)2)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。
Eg:Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
3)分译法:把原来的状语从句从整体结构中分离出来,译成另一个相对独立得单句。
凯程考研辅导中心优势凯程考研辅导中心创办于2005年4月，具有强大高校背景，是中国最早专门从事考研高端辅导的机构之一。
并积累了多年的考研辅导经验。
成功学员多至今已有数千位学员进入全国各大高校研究生院学习，这些同学的名单在网上有据可查。
而且从2005年到2010年，据不完全统计，每年凯程考研辅导中心的成功学员人数要比前一年翻一倍，所谓的成功学员，是指通过初试，进入各校复试并最终录取的同学。
师资力量强首先，所有老师均来自北京各高校的教师，且讲任何课程备课必须超过一个月，那些虽然有名但是准备草草的老师从来不能站在讲台上，这是对老师的硬性要求。
科技英语的翻译技巧
点 ,因此 ,掌握一些科技英语的翻 分的转换更为频繁 。在忠实于原 在句首 。翻译时 ,必须针对上述各
译技巧是非常必要的 ,下面就分别 文的前提下 ,为使译文通顺 、易懂 , 种差异 ,按汉语规范和表达习惯 ,
加以介绍 。
往往要进行成分转换 ,这是科技英 正确安排各成分在译文中的语序 。
一. 词类转换
2 、先求同 ,后求异 心理学家曹日昌认为 “: 在人的记忆活动中 ,对
结构 ,使混乱的知识组合成有序的知识体系 ,从而体 现知识的内在联系 。锻炼自己的发散 、聚合的思维 能力能使自己所掌握的知识条理分明 、系统严谨 。
需要的时候 ,这些知识可以“召之即来”。 有人说 :掌握了方法 ,就掌握了规律 ;掌握了规律 ,
2. The capacitor is a square with all sides a half complex , and t he complex is still decomposing , but
centimeter long. 电容器为正方形 ,边长 0. 5 厘米 。
just as much cuppric ammonia complex is being decom2 posed in unit time as is being formed.
电子管 收 音 机 的 结 构 不 象 电
四. 省略与补充
视机那样复杂 。(主语)
翻译是两种语言的表达方式
三. 语序颠倒
的转换 ,不是逐字逐句的死译 。因
英 、汉两种语言中的主要成分 此 ,在译文表达过程中 ,必然包括
的语序 ,大体相同 ,即一般遵循下 对原文中某些词省略不译 ,也可能
列规则 :
增补原文中所没有的词 。例如 :
科技英语翻译的技巧
科技英语翻译的技巧科技英语翻译的技巧科技文献的翻译是传播和交流科学技术成果的有效方式，对促进科学技术的发展具有重要意义，要求概念清楚、逻辑正确、表达简洁。
科技英语翻译的技巧【1】一、名词从句英语的名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。
名词从句的翻译一般按原文的语序处理即可，但也还有其他一些处理方法。
下面我们分别介绍这类从句的翻译方法。
1. 主语从句的译法由关联词 what，who，which，when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，whatever，however等和从属连词that，whether等引导的主语从句一般按原文的语序翻译。
How this material can be used depends upon its properties.这种物质能得到怎么样的利用要由它的性质而定。
That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.物体热胀冷缩是普遍的物理现象。
Whether an increase of the design stress is warranted depends on a number of conditions, such as type of loading, and frequency and magnitude of over-loads.设计应力的增大是否有保证取决于诸多因素，如载荷的类型、超载的频率和大小。
在翻译做形式主语的主语从句时，往往先译出从句(形式主语it视情况可不译，也可译为“这”代替从句);也可先译主句，然后再译从句。
It is a general rule that gases, like liquids, always flow from regions of high pressure to regions of lower pressure.气体像液体一样总是从高压区流向低压区，这是一个普遍规律。
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正是由于集成电路的研制成功，才有可能把电子器件做得越来越小。
It isn't surprising that much of today's medical software is designed to help practitioners handle the information over load.
• This is not only because the tablecloths are good in quality and beautiful in design, but also because they are hand-made.
• 这不只是因为台布质地好而又设计精美，而且也 因为是手工绣的。
1.Subject Clause 主语从句 2.Predicative Clause 表语从句 3.Object Clause 宾语从句 4.Appositive Clause 同位语从句
• 1.1 以what,who,whether,that,where,why,how,when
等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
He is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. 他正在研究生物钟对人们工作方式的影响。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.
他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。
Manure supplies what i.
肥料供给土壤所缺乏的成分。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。 He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
• 人体的密度比水略小，这就是水的浮力为什么能使人体浮 起的原因。
• Another poperty of acid is that they have ability to combine with compounds known as bases.
• It is because a conductor carrying a curent is surrounded by a magnetic field.
翻译时按照原来的语序翻译
Scientists have long predicated that computers would one day help speed up the arduous task of translating texts. 科学家们早已预言，总有一天计算机将帮我们加快艰巨的文字翻译工作。
一个人成功与否主要取决于他的勤奋而不是他的聪明。
Whether the suggestion he made at the meeting will be adopted remains a question.
他在会议上提出的建议是否会被接受还不得而知。
What potential energy ang kinetic energy really mean will be the content to bediscussed in the next article. 势能与动能的含义究竟是什么将再下文中进行讨论。
How the brain manages to think is a conundrum with a millennial time scale. 大脑思维问题是个千年不解之谜。
Whether any of the plastic products causes immediate harm is not known. 塑料制品是否会直接危害人体健康目前还不得而知。
毫不奇怪，今天许多所设计的医疗软件是用来辅助医生应付信息量超负荷的问题。
It is commom sense that a liquid has no definite shape,but it has a definite volume. 液体没有一定形状，但又一定体积，这是普通常识。
It is clear that the difference between elements is in the structure of their atoms. 很显然，元素之间的差别就在于它们的原子结构。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same. 我们应明确，磁力不同于电力。 It is true that the high voltage cable would need to have more insulation. 的确，高压电缆需要更好的绝缘。
• 所谓实践是真理的标准，所谓“生活、实践的观点，应该 是认识论的首先的和基本的观点”，理由就在于此。
• The human body is a little less dense than water, and that is why the buoyant force of water will completely support the body.
3.2.1转译 介词宾语从句有时可据其逻辑含义转译为原因状语从句或并列从句。
The molecules of a liquid are much different from grains of sand in that they attract one another with considerable force. 液体的分子和沙子的颗粒有很大的不同，因为液体的各个分子以很大的力相 互吸引。 ( in之后如果跟有宾语从句，常常可译成原因状语从句，用因为…，在于…， 是因为…等词译出) Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape. 液体与固体不同，因为液体并没有一定的形状。 （如果在“因为”前面添加“这是”两字，则构成并列复合句。）
• This is what the equation means. • 这就是此方程式的含义。
• Notice that not all mechanical energy is knietic energy. • 要注意，并非所有的机械能都是动能
• The fact is that an engine may not always do work at its rated horsepower. • 事实是发动机并非始终以额定马力做功。
Whether or not it is a good thing to send a child to study abroad varies from person to person.
送孩子出国留学是否是件好事是因人而异的。
Whether one will be successful depends more on his diligence than on his cleverness.
What he said indicated that he was concious of the danger of not learning new knowledge.
他的话表明了他已经意识到不努力学习新知识的危险。
What many young people lack now is not book knowledge,but practical experience. 现在很多年轻人所缺乏的不是书本知识，而是实践经验。
• An important character of radiation is that it can occur in a vacuum.
在翻译由关联词引导的表语从句时，往往可在句末添加适当的词语
• 在“This is why…”和“This is what…”句型中 • 如果表语从句太长，或从汉语修辞考虑 • 也可将从句倒译在句子前半部，将主句译在后面
概要
• 英语名词性从句包括若干种从句 • 如:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等 • 这些从句在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或是同位语等
成分，其功能相当于名词、名词性词组或短语，故此 而得名为名词性从句 • 英语中名词性从句着实不少;一般来说，主要是由 关系代词(w hich，what，whal比ver，whoever) 关系副词(where，why，when等) 连词(that)等引导.
That energy can be neither created nor destroyed is a very important law in physical science.
能量既不能创造也不能消灭是物理学的一条很重要的定律。
• 1.2 形式主语it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句，汉译时
一般先译从句再译主句。有时还可在主句之前加上“这”， 以符合汉语的表达习惯。
It doesn't matter much to me whether you go straight home now or stay here for a couple of days.
你直接回家还是在此逗留一两天对我来说都没有关系。
• 表语从句
• 都是位于主句的连系动词后面 • 由从属连词that, whether, because • 或带疑问意义的关联词who, what, which, how,
when, where, why等引导的从句。
• 其译法比较简单，通常可顺译。
表语从句的顺译
• The question is how the people can find an effective way to store the sun’s heat. • 问题在于人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储藏太阳能。
It isn't surprising that much of today's medical software is designed to help practitioners handle the information over load.
• This is not only because the tablecloths are good in quality and beautiful in design, but also because they are hand-made.
• 这不只是因为台布质地好而又设计精美，而且也 因为是手工绣的。
1.Subject Clause 主语从句 2.Predicative Clause 表语从句 3.Object Clause 宾语从句 4.Appositive Clause 同位语从句
• 1.1 以what,who,whether,that,where,why,how,when
等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
He is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. 他正在研究生物钟对人们工作方式的影响。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.
他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。
Manure supplies what i.
肥料供给土壤所缺乏的成分。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。 He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
• 人体的密度比水略小，这就是水的浮力为什么能使人体浮 起的原因。
• Another poperty of acid is that they have ability to combine with compounds known as bases.
• It is because a conductor carrying a curent is surrounded by a magnetic field.
翻译时按照原来的语序翻译
Scientists have long predicated that computers would one day help speed up the arduous task of translating texts. 科学家们早已预言，总有一天计算机将帮我们加快艰巨的文字翻译工作。
一个人成功与否主要取决于他的勤奋而不是他的聪明。
Whether the suggestion he made at the meeting will be adopted remains a question.
他在会议上提出的建议是否会被接受还不得而知。
What potential energy ang kinetic energy really mean will be the content to bediscussed in the next article. 势能与动能的含义究竟是什么将再下文中进行讨论。
How the brain manages to think is a conundrum with a millennial time scale. 大脑思维问题是个千年不解之谜。
Whether any of the plastic products causes immediate harm is not known. 塑料制品是否会直接危害人体健康目前还不得而知。
毫不奇怪，今天许多所设计的医疗软件是用来辅助医生应付信息量超负荷的问题。
It is commom sense that a liquid has no definite shape,but it has a definite volume. 液体没有一定形状，但又一定体积，这是普通常识。
It is clear that the difference between elements is in the structure of their atoms. 很显然，元素之间的差别就在于它们的原子结构。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same. 我们应明确，磁力不同于电力。 It is true that the high voltage cable would need to have more insulation. 的确，高压电缆需要更好的绝缘。
• 所谓实践是真理的标准，所谓“生活、实践的观点，应该 是认识论的首先的和基本的观点”，理由就在于此。
• The human body is a little less dense than water, and that is why the buoyant force of water will completely support the body.
3.2.1转译 介词宾语从句有时可据其逻辑含义转译为原因状语从句或并列从句。
The molecules of a liquid are much different from grains of sand in that they attract one another with considerable force. 液体的分子和沙子的颗粒有很大的不同，因为液体的各个分子以很大的力相 互吸引。 ( in之后如果跟有宾语从句，常常可译成原因状语从句，用因为…，在于…， 是因为…等词译出) Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape. 液体与固体不同，因为液体并没有一定的形状。 （如果在“因为”前面添加“这是”两字，则构成并列复合句。）
• This is what the equation means. • 这就是此方程式的含义。
• Notice that not all mechanical energy is knietic energy. • 要注意，并非所有的机械能都是动能
• The fact is that an engine may not always do work at its rated horsepower. • 事实是发动机并非始终以额定马力做功。
Whether or not it is a good thing to send a child to study abroad varies from person to person.
送孩子出国留学是否是件好事是因人而异的。
Whether one will be successful depends more on his diligence than on his cleverness.
What he said indicated that he was concious of the danger of not learning new knowledge.
他的话表明了他已经意识到不努力学习新知识的危险。
What many young people lack now is not book knowledge,but practical experience. 现在很多年轻人所缺乏的不是书本知识，而是实践经验。
• An important character of radiation is that it can occur in a vacuum.
在翻译由关联词引导的表语从句时，往往可在句末添加适当的词语
• 在“This is why…”和“This is what…”句型中 • 如果表语从句太长，或从汉语修辞考虑 • 也可将从句倒译在句子前半部，将主句译在后面
概要
• 英语名词性从句包括若干种从句 • 如:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等 • 这些从句在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或是同位语等
成分，其功能相当于名词、名词性词组或短语，故此 而得名为名词性从句 • 英语中名词性从句着实不少;一般来说，主要是由 关系代词(w hich，what，whal比ver，whoever) 关系副词(where，why，when等) 连词(that)等引导.
That energy can be neither created nor destroyed is a very important law in physical science.
能量既不能创造也不能消灭是物理学的一条很重要的定律。
• 1.2 形式主语it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句，汉译时
一般先译从句再译主句。有时还可在主句之前加上“这”， 以符合汉语的表达习惯。
It doesn't matter much to me whether you go straight home now or stay here for a couple of days.
你直接回家还是在此逗留一两天对我来说都没有关系。
• 表语从句
• 都是位于主句的连系动词后面 • 由从属连词that, whether, because • 或带疑问意义的关联词who, what, which, how,
when, where, why等引导的从句。
• 其译法比较简单，通常可顺译。
表语从句的顺译
• The question is how the people can find an effective way to store the sun’s heat. • 问题在于人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储藏太阳能。