上海市2015年度青浦区高三生命科学一模标准答案
上海市金山区2015年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测生命科学试题及答案(word详解版)
2015年上海市金山区高考生物一模试卷第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、选择题（每小题2分）1．在用显微镜观察黑藻叶肉细胞细胞质流动的实验中，观察到如图1所示结果，那么在载玻片上的黑藻细胞质的流动方向以及观察到的带有颜色的细胞器是A.顺时针，叶绿体B.逆时针，叶绿体C.顺时针，液泡D.逆时针，液泡2．在10倍目镜、10倍物镜下测量钟形虫，测得虫长24格，目镜测微尺每格的长度是0.8微米。
若换40倍物镜观察，所测得钟虫长度的格数、目镜测微尺每格长度依次为A．960格、0.8微米B．96格、0.2微米C．6格、3.2微米 D．240格、0.2微米3．下列化合物中含有氮元素的一组是A．纤维素和丙酮酸 B．脂肪酸和甘油 C．脱氧核糖和ATP D．磷脂和腺苷4．图2中a、b、c为不同浓度的同种溶液，图3是一段时间后装置1与装置2的液面高度变化曲线，a、b 起始液面高度均为H。
则图2中a、b、c浓度的关系是A.a > b > cB.c > b > aC.b > a > cD.c > a > b5．图4为达尔文利用燕麦胚芽鞘所做的实验，其中①示燕麦幼苗植株，②③④示分组实验，该实验研究的目的是探究A．胚芽鞘尖端对光线是否敏感，照光后是否会引起胚芽鞘向光弯曲B．胚芽鞘背光的一侧促进生长的物质含量是否较多C．胚芽鞘是否表现向光性，取决于尖端存在D．生长素是否会受到强光的破坏6．哺乳动物卵原细胞减数分裂形成成熟卵子的过程，只有在促性腺激素和精子的诱导下才能完成。
图5为某哺乳动物卵子及早期胚胎的形成过程示意图(N表示染色体组)。
据图5分析，下列叙述不．合理的是A．次级卵母细胞形成的过程需要激素调节B．细胞Ⅲ只有在精子的作用下才能形成成熟卵子C．Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ细胞分裂后期染色体数目相同D．培育转基因动物应选择细胞Ⅳ作为受体细胞7. 某班学生以新鲜菠菜叶为材料，进行叶绿体中色素的提取和分离的实验时，由于各组操作不同，出现了图6所示的四种不同层析结果。
2015年上海高考生物真题试卷(答案解析版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海卷生命科学试题一、选择题（共 分，每小题 分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）． 当环境温度接近体温时，人体维持体温恒定的散热方式是．蒸发 ．传导 ．辐射 ．对流答案：解析：蒸发散热是指体液的水分在皮肤和粘膜（主要是呼吸道粘膜）表面由液态转化为气态，同时带走大量热量的一种散热方式。
辐射散热是由温度较高的物体表面（一般为皮肤）发射红外线，而由温度较低的物体接收的散热方式。
传导散热指机体的热量直接传给与之接触的温度较低物体的一种散热方式。
对流散热紧贴身体的空气由于辐射的结果温度升高，体积膨胀而上升，冷空气接着来补充，体表又与新移动过来的较冷空气进行热量交换，因而不断带走热量。
由上述散热方式的定义和题干中环境温度接近体温，可推断这种环境中人体维持温恒定的散热方式是蒸发散热；答案选． 原核生物都具有的结构是．质膜和核膜 ．线粒体和核膜．质膜和核搪体 ．线粒体和核糖体答案：解析：原核细胞无核膜，也无线粒体，只有一种细胞器核糖体； 、 、 错误。
． 细菌共有的特征是光学显微镜下可见 具有细胞结构 属于二倍体 能寄生． ． ． ．答案：解析：细菌无染色体， 错误；细菌营寄生的类型同化作用类型为异养，有的为自养，如硝化细菌， 错误。
细菌为原核生物，由原核细胞构成，在光学显微镜下均可看到；答案选 。
． 若在低倍显微镜下用目镜侧微尺测量细胞长径（如图 ），则转换高倍物镜后观察到的图像是． ． ． ．答案：解析： 图看不到目镜测微尺； 错误。
高倍镜下细胞放大倍数增大，而 图细胞比低倍镜下还小； 错误。
低倍镜下保卫细胞没在视野的中央，应将其移到视野中央再换高倍物镜，因此在高倍物镜下保卫细胞等基本位于视野的中央； 正确。
的测量与低倍镜下的测量数值不符； 错误。
． 将血液中胆固醇运送到全身组织的主要脂蛋白是．乳糜微粒 ．低密度脂蛋白．高密度脂蛋白 ．极低密度脂蛋白答案：解析 低密度脂蛋白携带胆固醇，并将其通过血液运送到全身各组织细胞，一旦低密度脂蛋白与受体结合，并进入细胞后，被传送到溶酶体，在溶酶体内蛋白质被降解，胆固醇被释放出来被细胞利用；答案选 。
青浦区一模2015
上海市青浦区2015届高三上学期期末学业质量调研测试（一模）(A)During the summer days my mother built her fire in the shadow of our cabin. In the early morning our simple breakfast (25) (spread) upon the grass. The morning meal was our quiet hour. At noon, several (26) chanced to be passing by stopped to rest, and to share our luncheon with us. I loved (27) (well) the evening meal, for that was the time old stories were told.I was always glad when the sun hung low in the west, for then my mother sent me to invite the neighboring old people to eat supper with us. "Yes, yes, gladly, gladly I shall come!" each replied. My mission done, I ran back, (28) (skip) and jumping with delight.At the arrival of our guests I sat close to my mother, and did not leave her side. I ate my supper in quiet, listening patiently to the talk of the old people, wishing all the time that they would begin the stories. At last, when I (29) not wait any longer, I whispered in my mother's ear, "(30) them totell an Iktomi story, mother."Then my mother said aloud, "My little daughter is anxious to hear your stories." As each in turn began to tell a legend, I pillowed my head in my mother's lap; and lying flat upon my back, I watched (31)stars one by one. The increasing interest of the tale aroused me, and I sat up eagerly listening for every word. The old women made funny remarks, and laughed so heartily (32) I could not help joining them.(B)The 43rd U.S. president George W. Bush stepped back into the spotlight when a library and museum dedicated to him opened to the public on May 1. the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is dedicated (33) the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. The library and muse um is plentiful with exhibits on the historical events. “About 3000,000 visitors (34) (expect)”,said the library and museum spokesman.Presidential libraries are not libraries in the traditional sense. People cannot go to the George W. Bush Presidential library (35) (check) out a book. They are facilities that preserve documents and items of a president and his act of governing. (36) is preserved at a presidential library is available to the public to see and study because presidential libraries are public property (37) (belong) to the American people.The Presidential library system began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt ,during(38) second term in office, donated his personal and presidential papers to the government. Up until that point, presidential papers were destroyed, sold for profit, ruined by poor storage conditions, (39) were simply lost to the history.Roosevelt believed that presidential documents were an important pa rt of the nation‟s heritage. He also donated a potion of his estate in Hyde PARK, New York, (40) his library and museum would be built. This began a tradition that would carry on with every president that followed.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful----being asked to read the same book for many times. But while the 41 repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for toddlers to learn new words, according to research.The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar or The Gruffalo will 42 far more.Dr Jessica Horst, of the University of Sussex‟s WORD Lab devised an experiment to check how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and 43 six new words. The children were visited three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three 44 stories. All had the same amount of new words which appeared the same 45 of times.When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had 46 learned 3.6 of the new words. While those 47 to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6.They also noted the …repetition‟ group learned at a faster rate than those in the …48 ‟ group.Dr Horst said: …We are showing that less is more, to a point. And,49 , the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help them. But you don‟t need to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. Reading the same books over and over again helps.‟Speaking of the 50 studies, we have found one in three don‟t read to their children before putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one literacy sessions can improve reading age by nearly two years in less than five months.Seven-year-old Jordan Lisle, in Mill Valley, California, joined his family at a packed after-hours school event last month aimed at inspiring anew interest: computer programming.The event was part of a national educational ___51____ in computer coding instruction that is growing at Internet speeds. Since December, 20,000 teachers from kindergarten through 12th grade have___52_____ coding lessons, according to , a group backed by the techindustry that offer s free curriculums. ___53_____, some 30 school districts have agreed to addcoding classes in the fall. And policy makers innine states have begun awarding the same ___54____ for co mputer science classes that they do for basic math and science courses, rather than treating them as optional courses.It is a remarkable change for computer science. Smartphones and apps are commonplace now,and engineering careers are __55____. To many parents, coding looks more like a basiclife skill, one that might someday __56____ a great job or even instant riches.The spread of coding instruction, ___57____ just new, is “never known—there‟s never been a move this fast in education,” said Elliot Soloway, a professor of education and computerscience at th e University of Michigan. He sees it as very positive, ___58____ inspiring studentsto develop a new passion, perhaps the way that teaching frog dissection (解剖) may inspire future surgeons and biologists.But the exposure to early coding comes with __59__, too. It is not clear that teaching basiccompute r science in grade school will beget future jobs or encourage __60___ creativity andlogical thinking. And particularly foryounger children, Dr. Soloway said, the activity is more like a video game, but not likely to impart actual pr ogramming skills. A coding curriculum, ___61___ by Code. Org., combines basic instruction with videogames involving Angry Birds and hungry zombies.The lessons do not __62____ traditional computer l anguage. Rather, they use simple wordcommands — like “move forward” or “turn right”— that children can click on and move around, to ___63____ an Angry Bird to capture a pig.The movement comes with no shortage of “we‟re changing the world” marketing passion from Silicon Valley.“This is strategically ___64____for the economy of the United States,” said JohnPearce, a tec hnology businessman who has started a nonprofit, MV Gate, with Jeff Leane, to bring youth and family coding courses developed by to MillValley.Parents love the idea of giving children something to do with computers that they see as____65___, Mr. Pearce said.“I can‟t take my kid playing one more hour of video games, but if the children are exploring coding, I tell him I can live with that all night long.”51. A. temptation B. movement C. motion D. proposition52. A. introduced B. appealed C. recognized D. calculated53. A. In addition B. However C. Therefore D. Thus54. A. rewards B. prizes C. credits D. funds55. A. costly B. critical C. insecure D. hot56. A. result from B. work out C. pick up D. lead to57. A. before B. while C. when D. after58. A. virtually B. extensively C. potentially D. annoyingly59. A. warnings B. responsibility C. admission D. compliments60. A. superior B. inferior C. fiercer D. broader61. A. collected B. developed C. mentioned D. sacrificed62. A. declare B. cover C. call D. deepen63. A. forbid B. resist C. urge D. direct64. A. sensible B. reliable C. significant D. common65. A. efficient B. measurable C. productive D. stableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.66. Of the four books mentioned above, who are the creators of the poems?A. Andrew Motion and Liz BerryB. Liz Berry and Ruth PadelC. Anthony and Ben HoldenD. Ruth Padel and Ben Holden67. Which of the following statements is true?A. Students aged 14 to 18 can choose a poem from Black Country to take part in a competition.B. Liz Berry can change the unpleasant Brummie accent into a beautiful song.C. Men will cry after they read the poems written by 100 distinguished persons.D. You will read personal perspectives in Poems That Make Grown Men Cry.68. My cousin is obsessed with poetry of different kinds, so my first choice as a gift for him would be ______.A. Learning to Make an Oud in NazarethB. Black CountryC. Poetry by HeartD. Poems that Make Grown Men Cry69. Which of the four books may probably give the people living in psychological suffering comfort and relief?A. Poems that Make Grown Men CryB. Poetry by HeartC. Black CountryD. Learning to Make an Oud in Nazareth(B)Emergency rooms (ER) are supposed to cure people but Dr. John Stemgold wonders if working in an ER in Willits made him sick. The ER was downwind of the Remco chrome plant. “I used to sit facing that window and kind of daydream out the window, looking at Remco, looking at the fog coming out of there. Then I would c ough and cough.” Stemgold said.What Dr.Stemgold didn‟t know was that Remco was flowing out Chromium VI into the air--- a chemical known to cause cancer and breathing problems in humans. A recent state health department study found that people who were in Willits when Remco was in operation from 1964 to 1995 are at higher risk for cancer because of Chromium VI exposure.Today Dr.Stemgold has lots of time to play his guitar. It turns out he has a form of breathing difficulty. Hospital chemicals cau se coughing so violently that he‟s broken bones and it‟s cost him his career. Others in this town believe the Chromium has made them sick, too, and their families. Actually, Chromium VI was classified as a carcinogen , a cancer-causing substance, thirty years ago, Twenty years ago, a group of state scientific specialists found no exposure level below which carcinogen effects would not have some probability of occurring. Still, Remco was allowed to flow out Chromium VI into the air.In the battle to balance public health and a healthy economy, laws often favor business, Alan Ramo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. “There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there‟s a real job that‟s available and a theoretical risk of a c hemical, jobs win out, business wins out.”And chemicals are allowed to flood the marketplace and the government requires strict testing before any drugs can be sold. But the vast majority of industrial chemicals are put into use little testing of any kind Chemicals that people like us, you and me might be exposed to. Marilyn Underwood is with California state health department. “ You need to have the convincing evidence that something is bad to then start regulating it.” However, in most cases, chemic als are not tested until someone reports the abnormal, unnatural condition of the environment in general.“I think that if people really knew what really goes on with environmental protection I think they would be shocked and they should be.” Says Professor Ramo. “It might be valuable for other people to know what has happened to me, not for me but for them.” He said “because they might be in a similar situation because of where they work.”70. What happened to the people who lived in Willits from 1964-1995?A. most of them were forced to move away.B. They earn a lot of fortune from the factory or the profit it brought about.C. employees from local area all got sick and lost their jobs at the plant.D. They have a greater chance of having severe disease.71. What can we infer from the scientists‟ finding twenty years ago?A. Chromium VI surroundings help surgeons have more casual life.B. More skillful and capable doctors were needed.C. There is no safe level of Chromium VI exposure.D. A group of scientists were trying proper ways to solve the problems.72. When are new chemicals for industry tested?A. When they make smog-forming gases.B. When some problem is noticed.C. Ten years after they are first used.D. When the plant faces collapse.73. One of the important issues in the story is______.A. The dangers of emergency rooms that create health problem downwind.B. Doctors prescribing too many drugs.C. The battle to balance public health and a healthy economyD. Why scientists restricted chemical, like Chromium VI(C)The vast majority of fitness trackers count your steps and are worn around the wrist, but now there‟s a device that‟s designed to be worn like a necklace and monitors tiny movements to improve your posture.The Fineck device aims to address neck pain by tracking tiny movement, spotting bad habits and suggesting exercises via an accompanying app. Made from silicone(硅)and titanium(钛), Fineck monitors a wearer‟s movement, balance, posture and movement thanks to sensors inside. The Mount ain View California-based firm says that a high percentage of people suffer from neck pain and associated problems, probably caused by more individuals doing office jobs, which generally involve leaning over computer keyboard.The device contains sensors, several different types of instruments to monitor movement, plus a monitor to shake. It connects to an iOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad habits and play “neck training” games. The app warns of health risks and records a user‟s activi ty to build up a customer personal health description. The necklace shakes to give smart advice, such as reminding wearers to sit up straight. The app also allows users to set goals, like many other wearables do. “Fineck is the first wearable device for your neck that tracks your neck activity and warn you when you are in a bad posture for too long. You can also exercise your neck with Fineck‟s interactive games.” The company writes on Kickstarter. “No matter where you are and what you are doing at office, on the go, or simply just feeling bored, Fineck will bring you enriched exercise experience through motion sensing games and therapies.”It also claims that it is “the world‟s first titanium wearable device”. The metal is widely used in fashion stuff that you can wear or carry to match your clothes because it is lightweight, durable and does not tend to cause allergic(过敏的)reactions. It also offers additional features such as shaking to indicate alerts on a user‟s smartphone, but it is not currently clear whether it can also be used like bands, to count step s, and so on.The Fineck has a battery life of around seven days and takes one hour to charge. It is available to pre-order via Kickstarter from ＄69(￡44)and is due to ship in March next year.74. What helps the Fineck device to deal with neck pain?A. An accompanying app.B. A necklaceC. Computer keyboard.D. A remote control75. Besides allowiong people to set goals, the iOS app also_____.A. improves your posture and suggests exercisesB. exercise your neck and does office jobsC. alerts you to health risk and records your activityD. counts your steps and addresses neck pain76. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Fineck takes an hour to charge and is available at any time.B. Movie stars like to wear necklace made of silicone to match their clothes.C. The device count the steps to help wearers to see their bad habits.D. Neck-ache is something caused by using computers too much.77. We can infer from the passage that the Fineck device will_____.A. actually not cause allergic reactions.B. enrich your life by providing “neck training” gamesC. monitor a wearer‟s movement due to the material it is made ofD. help to correct your improper posturesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The one place you really don‟t want to be on weekend is in hospital. Last week, it was revealed in the research by Guy‟s and St Thomas‟ hospital in London, that stroke patients admitted on a Saturday or Sun day are up to 16 percent more likely to die .Meanwhile , a report earlier this year from NHS England found that all patients are 12 percent more likely to die if admitted to hospital at the weekend ------this was because fewer senior staff were available and there was a lack of access to key physical examination tests, such as scans.But even if you‟re not in hospital, weekends can be a health danger. You might have thought it was your chance to recover after a hard week ,but as we reveal, while they won‟t kill you, weekends may be bad for your health.Headaches can occur more often at the weekend--------especially on a Saturday-------because of a chance in our routine, suggests Dr Andy Dowson, director of headache services at King‟s College Hospit al, London. He says:” if you are used to eating at a certain time of day or getting up and falling asleep at the same time, not continuing in the normal way at the weekend can cause headaches as your body and brain try to adjust to irregular meals or having a lie-in.” one theory is that the hypot halamus is very sensitive to any change in the body‟s routine.Caffeine withdrawal may be another factor, if you usually drink three or four cups of tea or coffee on week days to help you concentrate at work, but don‟t at the weekend, your body can go into withdrawal . it‟s thought caffeine also influences the chemical messenger that widens blood vessels in the brain----without it, these vessels narrow again, triggering a headache.Lying on the sofa in front of TV for hours watching your favorites after a week of running around can make heartburn worse----or even cause it to happen, as sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward puts pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach, say Steven Mann, a gastroenterologist at the Royal Free London Trust.Acid reflux can also become a problem at the weekend you cannot bear because of less regular meal times as a result of late nights and lie-ins, explains Dr Mann. And having a take away could be the final straw. “ Oily, fatty food stimulates acid production, which can also cause problems such as heartburn and overflowing with the food.”Dr Mann adds.(note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NOT MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. besides fewer staff available, why are weekend patients admitted to hospitals more likely to die?79. what are the two factors which may cause headaches?80. A headache sometimes occurs when blood vessels narrow for lack of ___________________________________________81. we can infer from the passage that the final straw in the last paragraph means___________________________________.第Ⅱ卷(共47分)Translation.1.这项慈善基金的设立旨在中国推广青山年足球。
上海市杨浦区2015年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测生命科学试题及答案(word详解版)
A.图中显示a具有高效性，反应完成后，a的性质未发生改变
B.a成分均是蛋白质
C.此类反应普遍在人体组织液中进行
D.温度过高比温度过低对a的影响大
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
图示中a与b专一性结合形成c，a在反应前后不发生变化，b被分解为d和e，所以a代表酶，b代表底物，图示过程表明酶具有专一性。
B、细胞器C为线粒体，F是核糖体，它们都能产生水，B正确；
C、B为中心体，F为核糖体，中心体和核糖体都是不具膜结构的细胞器，因此都不含有磷脂，C正确；
D、A为高尔基体，D是内质网，高尔基体、内质网及植物细胞的液泡都是单层膜结构，D正确。
故选A。
【点睛】解答此题的技巧是：正确识别各种细胞器，准确掌握各种细胞器的结构、功能、分布及特点。在此基础上对各选项的问题情境进行分析判断。
分析题图：在CO2浓度一定时，在一定光照强度的范围内，光合作用效率随着光照强度的增加而增加；达到光饱和点（光合作用效率达到最大值所需要的最小光照强度）以后，光合作用效率不再随着光照强度的增加而增强。在光照强度一定时，不同CO2浓度下的光合作用效率不同。光照强度为零时，光合作用效率为零，说明纵轴表示的是实际光合作用效率。
【详解】在水稻种子萌发早期，CO2的释放量比O2的吸收量多3～4倍，说明有氧呼吸与无氧呼吸同时进行。假如水稻种子萌发早期CO2的释放量比O2的吸收量多3倍，则依据有氧呼吸与无氧呼吸产生酒精的反应式可推知：有氧呼吸与无氧呼吸消耗的葡萄糖之比是（1÷6）∶（3÷2）＝1∶9，因此无氧呼吸强度比有氧呼吸强度大。
8.如图表示光照强度和CO2浓度对某植物光合作用强度的影响。下列有关叙述中错误的是（ ）
上海市浦东新区2015年高三三模生命科学试卷带答案
浦东新区2015年高三综合练习生命科学试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
请将所有答案写在答题纸上，否则不给分第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．图1表示人体细胞中4种主要元素占细胞鲜重的百分比，其中表示氧元素的是…………………………………（ ）A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁 2．用含32P 的磷酸盐培养液培养洋葱根尖细胞，一段时间后，下列细胞的结构以及化合物中具有放射性的是（ ） ①核糖 ②核膜 ③核仁 ④核酸 A ．①③④ B．②③④ C．②④ D ．①③ 3．某种酶是由419个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。
科学家利用生物技术切出5种不同长度的该酶片段，并分别测定其活性如图2所示，分析该酶最可能具有活性的部是………………………（ ） A ．第1号氨基酸到第43号氨基酸 B ．第44号氨基酸到第85号氨基酸 C ．第196号氨基酸到第419号氨基酸 D ．第197号氨基酸到第302号氨基酸4．下列生殖方式中所产生的后代基因型不同于母体的是………………………………（ ） A ．酵母菌出芽生殖 B ．花药离体培养 C ．根霉孢子生殖 D ．马铃薯块茎繁殖 5．表1为一植物细胞在两个不同的阶段细胞大小的一些数据。
下列各图中，正确反应从阶）A ．①④B ．①②④C ．①③④D ．②③④6．正常人体内的激素、酶和神经递质均有特定的生物活性，这三类物质都是…………（ ）①②③ ④含量(%)A ．在细胞内发挥作用B ．由活细胞产生的蛋白质C ．与特定分子结合后起作用D ．在发挥作用后还能保持活性7．图3表示人体内主要能源物质氧化分解的部分途径，其中X 、Y 、M 、N 代表物质。
下列叙述正确的是……………………………………………………………………………………（ ） A ．糖原水解主要发生在骨骼肌细胞中 B ．X→Y 过程发生在细胞质基质中 C ．M 、N 分别代表乳酸和酒精 D ．Y 、M 、N 中的氧元素均来自于X8．甲（A TGC ）是一段单链DNA 片段，乙是该片段的转录产物，丙（A —P~P~P ）是转录过程中的一种底物。
上海市青浦区2015届高三一模生命科学试题含答案
上海市青浦区2015届高三上学期期末学业质量调研测试（一模）生命科学试题本卷分为Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷选择题与简答题两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、考号。
答案必须全部写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
多选题答全得2分，答一个、错答均不得分。
第Ⅰ卷 (共60分)一、选择题：（每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确答案）1、下列物质或结构具有相同元素组成的是（）A、胰岛素与生长素B、噬菌体的衣壳与HIV的包膜C、植物细胞的核糖体和细胞壁D、染色后水绵细胞上深紫蓝色颗粒与棕黄色结构2、长期过量摄入脂溶性维生素时（）A．以原形从尿中排出 B．经代谢分解后全部排出体外C．在体内贮存备用 D．导致体内贮存过多引起中毒3、关于图示生物化学反应说法正确的是（）A、物质A不可能在细胞核中合成B、图示反应不可能属于非特异性免疫C、图示反应不可能有水的产生D、物质B不可能是麦芽糖4、以下不能体现细胞膜结构特点的是（）A、蛋白质的消化吸收B、动物细胞有丝分裂C、突触传递D、植物细胞质壁分离5、如图1~4为表示物质浓度或氧气浓度与物质跨膜运输速度间关系的曲线图。
下列相关叙述，不正确的是 ( )图1 图2 图3 图4A、如某物质跨膜运输的速度可用图1与3表示，则该物质不应为葡萄糖B、如某物质跨膜运输的速度可用图2与3表示，则该物质可能是葡萄糖C 、限制图中A 、C 两点的运输速度的主要因素不同，B 、D 两点的限制因素有共同点 D 、将图2与4的曲线补充完整，曲线的起点应从坐标系的原点开始6、下列关于生物实验的描述，正确的是 （ ） A ．用纸层析法分离菠菜滤液中的色素时，橙黄色的色素带距离滤液细线最远 B ．在观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象实验中，环割脚趾皮肤的目的是破坏效应器 C ．探究酵母菌的呼吸方式可以用是否产生二氧化碳来确定 D ．鉴定蛋白质需要的试剂是NaOH 和CuSO 4溶液，并加热至沸腾7、关于下列实验图的叙述中，正确的是 （ ） A ．经图①所示操作后，显微镜可见细胞内液泡体积逐渐变小，颜色逐渐变深 B ．若要看清图②中处于分生区的细胞，应将装片适当向右移动 C ．图③中将物镜由甲转换成乙，则视野中观察到的细胞的数目增多D ．图④是利用样方法调查某植物的种群密度，此样方内该植物种群密度为3株/m 28、下图1表示温度对酶促反应速率的影响，图2表示酶促反应生成物量与时间的关系，图2中实线是在图1温度a 时的生成量。
上海市青浦区2015届高三一模语文试题
上海市青浦区2015届高三一模语文试题3.考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分.一阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文。
完成第1一6题(18分)崔永元会赢得反转基因的战斗吗?①转基因食品安全吗?这个原来属于小众的话题，在著名主持人崔永元自费拍摄反转基因纪录片之后变成了大众话题，无论在公开的网络平台上，还是朋友微信群里，挺转派和反转派唇枪舌剑据理力争，参与舌战的有科学家而更多是不涉及科学的普通人。
作为一个普通人，你应该信谁:科学家还是主持人?②就转基因问题，全球很多科学家已经相继工作T几十年，很多国家政府的相关部门，对转基因食品上市前的安全性测试也有明确要求。
到目前为止‘冬乎没有来自科学界的证据显示，已被政府容许上市鱼转基因食品对人类有已知的危害有些国家，如美国，已经在逐渐开放转基因食品的市场。
③中国政府还未就此明确表态。
与世界其他地区类似，相关行业的中国科学家大多是挺转基因的。
一些研究转基因食品的科学家们面对自己的研究成果迟迟不能商业化，显示出一种焦虑的情绪。
中国科学院院士、华中农业大学生命科学技术学院院长张启发教授，在“全国首届黄金大米品尝会”期间说:“推动转基因水稻产业化不能再等，再迟缓就是误国。
转基因产业化发展不起来，则商业发展不起来，反过来对科研影响也非常大”。
据报道，相关行业的61名院士还于2013年联名上书中央，支持转基因食物品种的商业化推广。
④而以小崔为代表的民间反转基因人士，却对转基因的推广疑虑重重。
他们的疑虑主要有以下几个方面:第一，转基因不仅是科学问题，转基因产品的推广有巨大的商业利益。
那么，科学研究是否被商业利益诱惑而失去其客观性?第二，转基因产品到目前为止只有短短的几十年，即使目前的研究显示没有明显害处，但对子孙后代就一定无害吗?第三，推广转基因的过程，应该如何尊重消费者的知情权和选择权，让大家自己做选择，而不是让转基因产品无管制地涌入市场。
⑤我微信群里的朋友们，无论是“反转”还是“挺转”，基本属于理性派。
2015年青岛一模试题(原版) 高三一模考试理综生物试题_Word版含答案
2015年青岛市3月份高三统一质量检测理科综合（生物部分）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共16页。
满分300分。
考试时间150分钟。
答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位臵。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（必做，共107分）注意事项：1．第Ⅰ卷共20小题，共107分。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不涂在答题卡上，只答在试卷上无效。
相对原子质量：H 1 O 16 Mg 24 S 32 Al 27 Fe 56一、选择题（共13小题，每小题5分，共65分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
）1．下列有关细胞结构和功能的叙述，正确的是A．磷脂是构成细胞膜的重要物质，但磷脂与物质的跨膜运输无关B．吞噬细胞对抗原—抗体复合物的处理离不开溶酶体的作用C．破伤风杆菌分泌外毒素（一种蛋白质）离不开高尔基体的作用D．洋葱根尖分生区细胞的有丝分裂离不开中心体的作用2．下列有关实验的叙述，正确的是A．将发芽的小麦种子研磨液臵于试管中，加入斐林试剂，即呈现砖红色沉淀B．探究淀粉酶对淀粉和蔗糖作用的专一性时，可用碘液替代斐林试剂进行鉴定C．绿叶中色素的分离实验中，滤纸条上胡萝卜素扩散最快是因为其溶解度最大D．紫色洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞不能发生质壁分离，因而不能用于质壁分离观察实验3．2014年西非地区爆发了埃博拉疫情。
埃博拉病毒(EBV)是一种RNA病毒，侵入人体后发生免疫反应，下列叙述正确的是A．EBV被吞噬细胞特异性识别，产生特异性免疫反应B．EBV刺激T细胞分泌淋巴因子与该病毒结合C．在T细胞和EBV的共同刺激下，B细胞才能增殖、分化为浆细胞D．细胞免疫产生的效应T细胞可识别并破坏被EBV侵染的细胞4．下图为人体某细胞的生命历程，据图分析下列说法正确的是A．与甲相比，乙中细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的效率低B．①②③三个过程中已经发生了基因突变的是②③C．丁细胞膜上的糖蛋白减少，细胞周期变长D．①②③④过程都能发生转录和翻译5．科学家们在研究成体干细胞的分裂时提出这样的假说：成体干细胞总是将含有相对古老的DNA链（永生化链）的染色体分配给其中一个子代细胞，使其成为成体干细胞，同时将含有相对新的合成链的染色体分配给另一个子代细胞，这个细胞分化并最终衰老凋亡（如下图所示）。
上海市高三生命科学第一次模拟试卷含答案
崇明县第一学期期末考试试卷高三生命科学（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、姓名、学号。
2．答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷（共60分）一、单选题（每小题只有一个正确选项）（一）1分题（共8题）1、一分子ADP中，含有的腺苷数、磷酸基数和高能磷酸键数依次是…………………（）A. 1、2、2B. 1、2、1C. 1、3、2D. 2、1、22、下列有关酶的叙述中，正确的是…………………………………………………………（）A. 酶可以被水解，产物是多种氨基酸B. 酶的活性受温度和pH的影响C. 酸碱度变化引起的酶失活不可逆，但温度变化引起的酶失活可逆D. 冬季哺乳动物体内酶的活性随环境温度的下降而降低3、遗传信息和遗传密码分别位于……………………………………………………………（）A. DNA和信使RNA上B. DNA和转运RNA上C. 信使RNA和转运RNA上D. 染色体和基因上4、取两种不同种属的海绵，使其细胞分散成单个，再将它们掺在一起培养，发现只有同种的细胞才能聚合在一起。
与此现象直接有关的结构是………………………………………（）A. 细胞核B. 细胞膜上的磷脂双分子层C. 细胞膜D. 细胞膜上的糖蛋白5、人体免疫球蛋白由4条肽链构成，共有764个氨基酸，则该蛋白质分子中至少含有游离的氨基和羧基数分别是…………………………………………………………………………（）A. 764和764B. 760和760C. 1和1D. 4和46、生物的多样性通常包括……………………………………………………………………（）①遗传多样性②物种多样性③生态系统多样性④无机环境的多样性A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ①②④7、细胞分化是生物界普遍存在的一种生命现象，下列叙述中不正确的是…………………（）A. 分化发生在生物体的整个生命进程中B. 分化是基因在特定的时间和空间条件下选择表达的结果C. 未离体的体细胞不会表现出全能性D. 分化过程中遗传物质发生了改变8、下列生物中，结构最相似的一组是………………………………………………………（）①乳酸菌②变形虫③肺炎双球菌④蓝藻⑤酵母菌高三生命科学共12页第1页高三生命科学 共12页 第2页A. ②③⑤B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①④⑤（二）2分题（共20题）9、右图能表示人体在某种环境条件发生变化时，内环境中某种激素的含量变化。
【年级上册海市青浦区】高三年级上册学期期终学习质量调研测试试卷生物试卷及答案
青浦区2015学年第一学期高三年级期末学业质量调研测试生命科学试卷第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、选择题：（每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确答案）1．以下含有相同元素的一组化合物是（ ）A ．纤维素和尿素B ．腺苷三磷酸和核糖核酸C ．脂肪酸和磷脂D ．胆固醇和酶2．图1表示一种物质的跨膜运输方式，下列叙述中正确的是（ ）A ．该膜中载体也能运输麦芽糖B ．钠离子以该方式进入肌肉细胞C ．该方式不会出现饱和现象D ．该方式是主动运输，物质从低浓度到高浓度运输3．下列有关实验问题的叙述正确的是（）A ．物镜测微尺每小格长度为10微米，可用来直接测量细胞的大小B ．探究酵母菌的呼吸方式不可以用是否产生二氧化碳来确定C ．用龙胆紫染色可以区分颤藻和水绵细胞D ．在观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象实验中，环割脚趾皮肤的目的是破坏效应器4．紫色洋葱的外表皮细胞能在一定浓度的蔗糖溶液中发生质壁分离，下列条件中，是发生该现象的必要条件的是（）A ．液泡中有紫色的色素B ．细胞膜外侧有识别水分子的受体C ．细胞壁的伸缩性小于原生质层D ．水分子不能穿过原生质层进入液泡5．图2为ATP 的结构简图，下列有关人体细胞内ATP 的叙述正确的是（ ）A ．图1中字母A 代表的是腺苷，b 、c 为高能磷酸键B ．正常情况下，ATP 所含能量均可作为直接能源C ．活细胞内每时每刻都有ATP 的生成与分解D ．心肌细胞和红细胞内生产ATP 的场所相同6．图3为不同条件下同种酶促反应速率的变化曲线，下列有关叙述错误的是（ ）A ．影响AB 段反应速率的主要因素是底物的浓度B ．影响BC 段反应速率的限制因子是酶量等C ．温度导致酶促反应Ⅰ和Ⅱ的速率不同D ．曲线Ⅰ显示，该酶促反应的最适温度为37 ℃7．下列关于酶和固定化酶的研究与应用的叙述，错误的是（ ）A ．从酶的固定方式看，包埋法比交联法对酶活性影响小B ．作为消化酶使用时，蛋白酶制剂以口服方式给药C ．尿糖试纸含有固定化的葡萄糖酶和过氧化氢酶，可以反复使用D．酶制剂中的酶最终来源于活细胞图1图28．人体肌肉细胞分解氨基酸产生氨，这些氨可通过一定的途径在肝脏细胞中形成尿素，最后排出体外，大致过程如图4。