高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧阅读理解占有较大的分值,掌握有效的解题技巧可以有效快速解题,高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧1．确定指代关系。

最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… …2．对句子意义或作用的理解。

最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of… …in para….is used to illustrate/show … ….3．对段落大意或段落作用的理解。

最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purposeof writing Paragraph … is …. ….4．对文章组织结构的理解。

最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?；Which of the following bestshows the structure of the passage?在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类,这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可。

并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。

分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。

一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。

首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。

这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Whichof the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种情况：图1表明：①（Paragraph1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。

同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。

下面具体看看Thetwentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for thebetter, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to humanbeings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, inmy opinion, the most important was the progress in science.Scientificresearch in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given usa deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuousdevelopment. Technology in the application of science has made big advances thathave benefited us in nearly every part of life.Thecontinuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in evengreater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledgein all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing ofmaterial benefits, and better protection of the environment.Sadly,however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science hasbeen employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science andtechnology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction hascreated a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on thisplanet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although theiractual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number ofnuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that ifthe weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of thehuman race, as well as of many kinds of animals.WilliamShakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and illtogether. “The above brief revie w of the application of only one part of humanactivities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to beso? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?72．Whichof the following best shows the structure of the passage?理解文章段落结构，我们很容易找到答案A。

接下来再来看看这样从论证方法上考查对议论文结构的理解。

掌握了议论文常见的写作方法，我们不难理解议论文的论证过程。

从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：一、Putforward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；二、Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating theidea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

对说明文、夹叙夹议类文章结构的理解，只要我们弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，很容易理解其结构。

看看下面的例题我们也许会得到一些启发。

例1：Ireceive a lot of emails every time a column is published in 21st Century. Themajority of questions I get are like this: “My English is still very poor, couldyou please give me some advice?” Since this kind of question is so bigand sovague, any answers will be too broad or too general. In fact, asking questionsis an art that needs training and practice in itself. And I would like to offerthe following tips:Alwayscontextualize your question. If you really want to ask for advice on something,you need to provide a brief description of how you came up with the question andhow you can benefit from asking it. For instance, if you need to improve yourEnglish, you need to state the skill area you are in the greatest need of improving, and what difficulties you encounter that cause you so many problemsThesecond piece of advice is that your question should be focused and specific. Bythat I mean that you might have a lot of questions, but choose the one that ismost important and at the same time the least complicated.Third,you can practise asking one question in multiple ways. For instance, if you areinterested in knowing how you can boost your confidence in speaking, you mightconsider asking: “I often feel nervous before I ask a question, how can I overcome my anxiety?” “Co uld you share with me your experience of speaking infront of others?”Ofcourse, the best way to ask good questions is through the practice of questioning. I highly encourage you to seek opportunities to ask questions. Ittakes time to be a really good questioner.Howis the text organized?A．Topic---argument----descriptionB．Opinion—discussion---explanationC．Mainidea---comparison--- supporting examplesD．Topic----argument----conclusion解析：文章一开始就提出本文要讲的中心,然后进行论述, 最后得出结论。