西南交通大学博士生入学考试英语考试纲要
博士研究生专业英语考试
博士研究生专业英语考试
博士研究生专业英语考试（English Proficiency Test for Ph.D. Candidates）是用于评估博士研究生在英语听、说、读、写能力方面的考试。
该考试旨在测试学生对学术领域内英语的理解和运用能力，以确保学生具备进行学术研究和写作的基本英语能力。
博士研究生专业英语考试通常包括以下几个方面的内容：
1. 听力考试（Listening Test）：测验学生对英语听力材料的理解能力，包括听取学术讲座、学术研究报告等。
2. 口语考试（Speaking Test）：测验学生在学术交流中的口头表达能力，包括自我介绍、回答问题、陈述观点等。
3. 阅读考试（Reading Test）：测验学生对英语学术文献的阅读理解能力，包括理解文章主旨、判断作者观点、理解文章结构等。
4. 写作考试（Writing Test）：测验学生的学术写作能力，要求学生根据提供的题目或材料进行学术论述或分析。
博士研究生专业英语考试的成绩经常作为博士研究生入学的重要参考依据，学生需要根据考试要求进行针对性的准备。
通过这个考试，学生能够提高自己的英语水平，为以后的学术研究和职业发展奠定基础。
博士生英语教学大纲
博士生英语教学大纲
博士生英语教学大纲主要包括以下内容：
1. 听力理解：要求考生在听完录音后掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容，并能对报告或文章主题、要点、主要问题、结论以及报告人身份、场合、报告人意图、语气等问题写出简要的答案，或填写简单的表格。
2. 口语表达能力：能够结合自己的专业写出学术报告并进行8-15分钟的口头报告。
报告中能充分表达自己的学术研究成果及自己的学术见解。
要求能对报告后专家、学者提出的问题进行简明、扼要的回答。
3. 阅读理解能力：能运用各项阅读技能，熟练阅读并正确理解难度较大、结构复杂的文献。
读后能够理解文章内容，归纳中心思想。
阅读应该以准确理解与大量阅读并重。
认知200个左右词根和词缀，并能够根据构词法识别
派生词。
4. 书面表达和翻译能力：测试考生用英语表达学术思想的能力。
较熟练地运用基本写作技能，按要求在1小时内写出300词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语言符合学术写作规范，基本符合英语表达习惯。
5. 非英语专业博士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲：此部分内容应与《硕士博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》相配套。
以上信息仅供参考，具体大纲内容建议查阅博士生英语教材或相关教辅材料。
博士生入学英语考试大纲.doc-大连交通大学研究生院
大连交通大学博士生入学英语考试大纲第一部分笔试一、试卷结构2015年英语入学考试笔试由四部分组成：英语应用(完型填空15%)、阅读理解(40%)、翻译（30%）、写作（15%）；共100分。
二、考试要求1、英语应用完型填空主要测试考生的英语综合应用能力，包括在上下文中掌握和应用词汇、短语和语法知识等。
共30题；占15%。
2、阅读理解阅读理解部分阅读总量约1800词(不包括题目及选项)；共30题；主要测试考生宗旨概括、结论推导、观点态度判断、上下文推测等能力。
每篇文章后设有选题，每题设4个选项。
要求考生在阅读文章后，根据内容，按题目要求从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
3、翻译翻译分2部分（Section A, Section B）；A部分为英译汉，占15%)；B部分为汉译英，占15%。
A.英译汉主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性。
要求考生把一篇英语文章（300—400词）译成汉语。
要求：译文忠实原文，译文基本通顺。
B.汉译英主要测试考生把汉语译成英语的基本能力，包括英语的用词、句子模式、表达、衔接形式以及汉英两种语言应用能力。
要求考生把一篇300—400汉字的短文译成英语。
译文要求：译文基本准确，意义表达基本连贯；句子无重大语法和拼写错误。
4、写作按具体要求在40分钟内写出180--200字的议论文、说明文或书信等（如命题作文、英汉语简要提纲、图表资料等），要求所写作文必须扣题、结构清晰、文理通顺、无重大语法和拼写错误。
三、考试时间考试时间为180分钟。
附表：考试各个部分的题目数、计分和考试时间列表第二部分口试1、口试部分包括听力测试。
要求考生听一段英语录音，短文或对话，之后用英语复述所听的内容。
2、口语考试：要求考生抽签选题。
根据所选的口语试题进行陈述和问答。
3、口试时间：复式时确定。
西南大学考博英语真题2012年真题详解
西南大学博士入学考试英语试题（2012）Part I V ocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the. following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet1.A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme whichit has received from another station.A. relyB. relayC. relateD. reside2.The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this yearin Vienna, was a very meeting.A. productiveB. overwhelmingC. compulsoryD. protective3.A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately andhow to calculate ratios and averages.A. staticB. statisticC. statisticsD. status4.If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so thatyou assume that they will behave in a particular way.A. assimilateB. simulateC. stereotypeD. subordinate5.Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking thatmakes what we read ours.A. rectifiesB. prolongsC. furnishesD. minimizes6.Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middleof the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door.A. glidingB. cruisingC. pilotingD. patrolling7.Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostlyfrom _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination8.Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, havebeen able to dispel ideas about these creatures.A. erroneousB. misdemeanorsC. misgivingsD. misdirection9.development.A. evolutionB. survivalC. rivalryD. dignity10.To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ oflife in a short time, and this made others astonished.（原题有误）A. accelerateB. operateC. generateD. utilize11.Japanese leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945.A. conditionalB. infiniteC. everlastingD. unconditional12.It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people whocould hardly keep their body and soul together.A. hypothesisB. paradoxC. conflictD. dispute13.The _____ effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didn’twant to do sports every day.A. cumulativeB. formidableC. eternalD. prospective14.The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced themto give money just as they were about to knock off.A. shotB. frightenedC. amusedD. menaced15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when thedepartment store made a _____ of the stored goods.A. clearanceB. reductionC. fortuneD. deal16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery ofinformation, thus making more information available to more people.A. formulatedB. facilitatedC. furnishedD. functioned17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought,but they are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. irrelevantlyD. independently18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mothertongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith.A. catersB. adheresC. ascribesD. subscribes19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods inEnglish teaching.A. sponsorsB. contributorsC. advocatesD. performers20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed inunderstanding the universe.A. essenceB. contentC. textureD. threshold Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine.The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even a fraction of them. Recently , however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory .Y et putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy . Of the 35 doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly populated rural areas. On March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care.An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural areas.21.The main topic of the passage is .A.the present situation of American doctorsB.the legislation on rural medical servicesC.the problems of country doctors and possible solutionsD.some factors of disqualification of country doctors22.According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT .A.taking drugs and drinking alcoholB.feeling remorse of their bad behaviorC.being professional unskillfulD.being sick and conservative23.Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors?A.1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine.B.The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those unqualified doctors.C.Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in densely populated urban areas.D.Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors give them.24.It can be inferred from the text that in the near future .A.there will be more qualified doctors in rural areasB.there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and urban doctorsC.country doctors are competitive in breaking medical recordsD.more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment25.The paragraph following the text would probably discuss .A.problems of urban doctorsB.other solutions to improve the present situationC.research in medical scienceD.reduction of staff in rural hospitalsQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, whileothers can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them.Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. The characteristics of bacteriaB. How bacteria reproduceC. The various functions of bacteriaD. How bacteria contribute to disease27. Bacteria are measured in __________.A. InchesB. CentimetersC. MicronsD. millimeters28. Which of the following is the smallest?A. A p inheadB. A rounded bacteriumA.tiny dotsB.small “hairs”rge rodsof the following?A. A rider jumping on a horse’s backB. A ball being hit by a batC. A boat powered by a motorD. A door closed by a gust of wind.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, whichhave multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks-a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem.B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem.C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem.D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it.32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur withgasoline than with an alternative fuel because: __________.A. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons.B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions.C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.D. gasoline is composed of small molecules.33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution?A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will nothelp lower urban air-pollution levels.B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicleemits have been largely unsuccessful.C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutantsemitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical sourceof urban air pollution.34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature ofmethanol?A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol.B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distributionsystem.C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels.D. Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels.35. It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticismof methanol in the last paragraph as __________.A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based.B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments.C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus.D. invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the critics.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Tests of reaction times seemed to back up the notion that the two hemispheres differed in their processing styles. Researchers used to believe that an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brain. If the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up, then the person can respond slightly more quickly and accurately in identifying the local or global image.Still more startling, researchers found that the same appeared to hold for the brains of chimps and perhaps other primates. The assumption has always been that handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits---part of the great brain reorganization that allowed our ancestor to use tools, speak and perhaps even think rationally. But handedness is now widely claimed for primates and even birds, amphibians and whales. And in the past few years, some psychologists have tested chimps and baboons and suggested their two hemispheres also differ in processing style.Now researchers have come to see the distinction between the two hemispheres as a subtle one of processing style, with every mental faculty shared across the brain, and each side contributing in a complementary, not exclusive, fashion. A smart brain became one that simultaneously grasped both the foreground and the background of the momentThe next problem was to work out exactly how the brain manages to produce these two contrasting styles. Many researchers originally looked for the explanation in a simple wiring difference within the brain. This theory held that neurons in the left cortex might make sparse, short-range connections with their neighbors, while cells on the other side would be more richly and widely connected The result would be that the representation of sensations and memories would be confined lo smallish, discrete areas in the left hemisphere, while exactly the same input to a corresponding area of the right side would form a sprawling even impressionistic pattern of activity.Supporters of this idea argued that these structural differences would explain why left brain language areas are so good at precise representation of words and word sequences while the right brain seems to supply a wider sense of context and meaning.A striking finding from some people who suffer right-brain stokes is that they can understand the literal meaning of sentences-their l e f t brain can still decode the w o r d s---b u t they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a common proverb, such as “a stitch in time saves nine”, they can only say it must have something to do with sewing. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful connections.36. The local or global image is more quickly and accurately identified in the brain if _______.A. tests of reaction times back up the notion of the two hemispheresB. an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brainC. the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match upD. the person can match the image with an object37. Handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits, as is shown in ________.A. the brains of chimps and perhaps other primatesB. the fact that the great brain reorganization allowed our ancestor to use toolsC. the fact that human beings alone can use tools, speak and think rationallyD. the two brain hemispheres of chimps and baboons38. According to the text, a smart brain has all the following characteristics EXCEPT _________.A. with different processing style39. What is the problem of the people who suffer right-brain strokes?A. They can hardly understand the literal meaning of sentences.B. Their left brain can still decode the words.C. They do not understand the common proverb “a stitch in time saves nine”.D. They cannot grasp the meaning of jokes or allusions.40. The best title for the text may be __________.A. Left Brain, Right BrainB. The Local of Global ImageC. Human Brain and Animal BrainD. The Smart BrainQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.（此文不全）The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S., routinely gives pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month study of genetic screening in the American lace, the New York Times found no other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in or company.Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discriminationchemicals. Ycompanies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other companies lieve possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. Atat Du a leader in the chemical industry with annualturn the distrust into achievement. Ifdetermine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and loyalty of its workers to ery genetic structure.The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers ofthe trait -- they are heterozygous; that ing a gene for sickle-cell anemia from one parent. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show no symptoms of the disease.41. What does the author say about Du Pont?A. It examined the blood of some blacksB. It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood.C. It discovered that some blacks have blood illness.D. It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals.42. What do Du Pont officials say?A.They are trying to protect blacks form health threats.B.They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems.C.They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter.D.They hope that other companies can follow their example.43. What is true about genetic screening?A.It often aims at black employees.B.Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia.C.Some companies do not want to do it.D.The US government strongly supports it.44. The underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably means _____.A.powerful.plex.C.thick.D.poisonous.45. What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait?A. Their number is about 50,000.B. They usually seem to have normal lives.C. They include over half of the black population.D. They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven’t cheeked the price tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves.To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous. Why do some parents give in?One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-，and skin-filled shows on MTV and y o u’ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.“The pressures on parents today are enormous,” says Tom V ogele, a single father of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.”Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball gamesor other activities.“It’s easier to say let’s go out and spend some money , in terms of finding time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said.For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility . Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky , but possible.Teaching kids how to budget and save is key , Marshall says. Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says.And don’t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tellA. a market research company based in IllinoisB. a spokesman for the Teenage Research UnlimitedC. the base of the Teenage Research UnlimitedD. the city where the spending survey was carried out. 47. Some people find it outrageous that .A. some parents indulge their children in extravagant spendingB. some younger generation’s must-haves could cost so muchC. some parents are ignorant about their children’s spendingD. some children disregard their notorious spending habits48. What is the effect of marketing through mass media?A. It fills the market with ads beyond the young’s understanding.B. It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising.C. It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs.D. It triggers young people’s desire to keep up with the trend.49. According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly because __.A. they can’t afford the time to stay with their children.B. they want to make up their guilt for their children.C. they find it more convenient than going out with the children.D. they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them50. What does Marshall think parents should do with the children’s spending habit?A. They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.B. They should restrain the children’s spending within limits.C. They should be responsible for providing for the children.D. They should draw up a budget plan for the children.Part III Cloze (10 points)Directions: It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it _51_. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money , and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money , which often _52_. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it _53_ drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. Epicurus pursue it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry bread, __54_ by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more _55_. For most pe o p le , the pursuit of happiness, _56_ supplemented in various ways, is too Read the following text. Choose the best word((s) for each numbered bland and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet.abstract and theoretical to be _57_ as a personal rule of life. But I think that _58_ personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be _59_ with happiness.There are a great many people who have all the _60_ conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, _61_, a re profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the _62_ must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves long as external conditions are _64_. If you have a cat it w i l l enjoy life if it has foodour needs are more。
2023全国博士英语考试题型
2023全国博士英语考试题型全国博士英语考试是获得博士学位的重要环节之一，其考试内容涵盖了英语听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。
以下是2023年全国博士英语考试的题型及分析，以供参考。
一、听力理解听力理解部分主要测试考生理解英语学术讲座和对话的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题1分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
听力材料的难度较高，涉及的领域广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学等。
考生需要具备较强的听力技巧和快速理解能力，才能准确把握听力材料的主旨和细节。
二、阅读理解阅读理解部分主要测试考生阅读并理解英语学术文章的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题2分，总分为40分。
考试时间为50分钟。
阅读文章的题材和难度与学术论文相似，涉及的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的阅读技巧和批判性思维能力，才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节，并做出正确的推理判断。
三、翻译翻译部分主要测试考生将英语学术文章翻译成汉语的能力。
该部分共2道题，每道题10分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
翻译文章的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识，才能准确传达原文的意思。
四、写作写作部分主要测试考生撰写英语学术论文的能力。
该部分共1道题，总分为20分。
考试时间为40分钟。
写作题目要求考生就某一主题撰写一篇学术论文，要求结构清晰、逻辑严密、语言准确、表达流畅。
考生需要具备较强的学术素养和写作技巧，同时还需要了解相关领域的学术规范和写作要求。
总体来说，2023年全国博士英语考试的难度较高，对考生的英语水平和学术素养要求较高。
考生需要通过系统的备考和训练，全面提高自己的英语听、说、读、写、译能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识和学术规范，才能顺利通过考试。
2023年西南交大博士申请考核
2023年西南交大博士申请考核一、绪论作为我国著名的高等学府之一，西南交通大学一直以来以其优质的教学质量和严格的学术氛围而闻名于世。
在申请攻读博士学位的过程中，通过参加西南交通大学博士申请考核是每一位申请者必须经历的重要环节。
本文将对2023年西南交大博士申请考核进行全面深入的介绍，旨在帮助申请者全面了解考核内容和相关要求，为顺利通过考核提供有益的参考信息。
二、考核内容西南交通大学博士申请考核主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1. 学术能力测试：该部分主要考核申请者的学术水平和研究能力，包括相关学科的基础知识、研究方法和解决问题的能力等。
2. 专业素质测试：此部分考核申请者的专业素养和综合能力，如学科前沿动态、科研方法和科研伦理等。
3. 学术英语能力测试：考核申请者的英文水平和专业英语能力，主要包括听、说、读、写等方面的考查。
4. 学术面试：通过与招生委员会教授进行面对面的交流，考核申请者的学术能力、研究方向和毅力等。
三、考核要求为了顺利通过2023年西南交大博士申请考核，申请者需具备以下基本要求：1. 具有硕士学位：申请者须已取得硕士学位，且该学位需为与所申请博士学位相关的学科专业。
2. 学术成绩优秀：申请者需具有良好的学术成绩和较高的学术水平，具备较强的科研能力和潜力。
3. 学术英语要求：申请者需具备良好的英语听、说、读、写能力，取得较高的英语水平成绩。
4. 学术研究意向：申请者需要明确的研究方向和动机，并具备一定的科研基础和实践经验。
四、考核流程2023年西南交大博士申请考核的流程主要分为以下几个步骤：1. 全球信息站报名：申请者需在规定的时间内登入西南交通大学招生办公室全球信息站进行报名，提交个人信息和申请材料。
2. 笔试考核：通过学术能力和学术英语能力测试，考查申请者的学术水平和学术英语能力。
3. 面试环节：经过笔试合格的申请者将接受学术面试，与招生委员会教授进行面对面的交流。
4. 综合评定：综合申请者的笔试成绩、面试表现等因素进行综合评定，确定是否录取。
2024全国博士英语考试大纲
2024全国博士英语考试大纲The 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. Designed to assess proficiency in English language skills at the doctoral level, the syllabus outlines the key areas of focus and the types of tasks that candidates can expect to encounter. 。
The examination covers four main components: Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Writing, and Translation. Each component is designed to evaluate different aspects of language proficiency, including understanding, analysis, synthesis, and expression.Listening Comprehension tests candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a variety of recordings, including lectures, discussions, and presentations, and answer questions to demonstrate their comprehension of the content, main ideas, supporting details, and speaker's attitude or opinion.Reading Comprehension assesses candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will encounter a range of text types, such as academic articles, reports, essays, and literary passages. They will be required to demonstrate their comprehension of the texts by answering questions that test their understanding of main ideas, supporting details, vocabulary, inference, and rhetorical devices.The Writing component evaluates candidates' ability to produce coherent and well-organized written English. Candidates will be presented with prompts or topics and asked to write essays, reports, or other text types. They will need to demonstrate their ability to generate and develop ideas, organize information logically, use appropriate language and style, and support their arguments with relevant examples and evidence.Translation tests candidates' ability to accurately translate English texts into Chinese and vice versa. Candidates will be required to translate passages that cover a range oftopics and genres, including academic, scientific, technical, and literary texts. They will need to demonstrate their understanding of both languages' grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions, as well as their ability to convey the original meaning and tone of the text.Overall, the 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a clear outline of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. By familiarizing themselves with the content and format of the exam, candidates can better prepare and improve their chances of success.。
西南交通大学博士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲
西南交通大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考试性质博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为我校招收博士生而设置的具有选拔性质的入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，为博士阶段的专业学习奠定扎实的英语基础。
二、考试形式和试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题时，直接将答题内容写在考场提供的答题纸上，答在试卷上的内容无效。
（二）试卷结构试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、翻译。
第一部分：阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分为多项选择题，考生需要在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
共8篇文章，每篇文章长度为450词左右，要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
每篇文章设5题，共40题。
每小题1分，共40分。
第二部分：词汇主要考查考生在上下文语境中准确理解并运用词汇的能力。
该部分多项选择题，考生需要在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
共20题，每小题1分，共20分。
第三部分：完形填空主要考查考生对英语知识点的综合运用能力。
在一篇约300词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
第四部分：翻译考查考生理解所给语言材料并将其译成目标语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
该部分分为2小节。
A节为英译汉，考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
B节为汉译英，考查考生理解所给汉语语言材料并将其译成英语的能力。
A和B节各包括5个短句，每个短句3分，共30分。
三、考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
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西南交通大学博士生入学考试英语考试纲要本纲要自2004年10月起在西南交通大学范围内试行。
一、考试时间：180分钟二、考试内容、题型1、阅读理解包括：一般性文章6篇，每篇约300词左右。
测试学员在规定的时间内通过阅读获取相关资的能力。
学员须完成1800－2000英语词的阅读量并就所给题目从四个选项中选出正确答案。
规定学员能：1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2）开展相关的判断和推理；3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定意思；4）领会作者观点和意、判断作者的态度。
2、词汇包括：20个选择题，每题0。
5分。
测试学员是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意思判断的能力。
3、完型填空包括：一篇短文中20处空白形式的选择题，每题0。
5分。
测试学员在语篇层次上的理解能力和根据上下文对英语开展综合分析和应用的能力。
4、英汉互译包括：1）英译汉：短文一篇约250左右英语词，全部译成汉语。
2）汉译英5句。
测试学员是否能正确开展英汉互译的能力，规定译文达意、通顺、符合英语或汉语的表达习惯。
5、作文写出150词以上的短文一篇，给出题目和提纲，按提纲写作。
注：英语以外的其它语种，可参照此纲要酌情命题。
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