IELTS阅读填空题
雅思阅读填空题解题思路解析
Exercise
At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes, also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel假如你的剑桥雅思阅读已是烂熟于心，那么这一系列的雅思阅读机经真题真的很适合你，今日我给大家带来了雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel?What Do Whales Feel?Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in differentspecies. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater – specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii – have obviously tracked objects with vision under-water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air–water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’ well-developed acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they produce, and many forage for food using echolocation. Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in theirrepertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Some of the more complicated sounds are clearly communicative, although what role they may play in the social life and ‘culture’ of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid science.真题讲解：长难句练习：1. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and freeranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup)参考译文：训练者捕获海豚和小鲸鱼常常评论它们的动物反映当被摩挲或是摩擦的时候，并且无论是捕获还是放养的全部种类的鲸类个体(尤其是成年鲸和幼仔，或是用一个子群中的成员)表现出频繁的接触。
150117_雅思考试阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心徐航考试日期2015年1月17日Reading Passage 3Title 新西兰女作家Myhn的采访报告（文化类）Question types 判断题5题单选题5题Summary（带词库）4题文章内容回顾版本号：V140222第一段：Myhn’s作品的特点。
(The features of Myhn’s works)第二段：Myhn’s作品的常见背景设定。
(the usual settings of Myhn’s works)第三段：对Myhn’s作品的评论。
(comments on two of Myh n’s wor ks) 第四段：Myhn’s的作品会被很多代人喜爱。
(Myh n’s works are liked by more than one generations)第五段：另一个作家的评论。
(Another writter’s comment)题型难度分析单选题再次出现，题型本身难度不大，出现在第三篇由于时间有限，容易出错。
Summary选项题在此篇难度中等。
题型技巧分析Summary:该题型一般遵循顺序原则，若是对一段或者几段的summary, 难度不大，如果是全文，难度提升。
首先确定段落定位，快速浏览段落，找到和题目相关的词，注意同义替换。
选项可以先浏览，做题时更加有针对性，有利于速度。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑6 Test 3 Passage 2考试趋势分析和备考指导1. 从话题看，下场考试可能以生物类、文化类、教育类为主。
2. 判断和选择的联系和错题分析很有必要，填空的共通性需要掌握，结合不同形式的填空题，掌握它们的共性。
段落细节配对是预警大题型，预警小题型是多选。
Heading题在1月份趋势暂时不明显，考生需要准备。
3. 1月份的前两场考试都有机经原文，可以重点浏览2014年的机经。
一雅思阅读填空题
change that occurred around 2.5 million years ago,mammoths evolved into a new
species, called the 3________. About 1.7millions years ago, these animals gradually
well-known kind, named the 6_________.
.
2
二、解题步骤-八字方针
关系词 so…）
（for、and、never、but、or、
八字方针 预测
词性
定位
粗定位 ◎特殊词：数字、时间、
专有名词、大写字母、地点、
号、A-B、百分比符号
金钱符号、斜体字、引
.
பைடு நூலகம்
3
例子：
1 …ice、rock and a few
Then some mammoths split off and
migrated to 2_________.In order to cope with
the climate change th.at occurred around 2.57
——————
.
8
.
9
.
10
Conclusion 总结
READING
----SUMMARY(填空题)
.
1
一 题型特点
词数不多
原文原词
Questions 1-7
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or numbers from the passage for each answer.
雅思阅读填空题解题原则
雅思阅读填空题解题原则在雅思阅读中，填空题是简单但却容易出错的题目，本文中，文都国际教育就带大家一起来研究一下雅思阅读填空题的基本考点及解题原则。
一、填空题常见题型1. Summary即用一段或几段的内容总结文章中某一段、某几段、或整篇文章的主要内容。
Summary中有几个空出的单词需要大家补充完整。
其中前两种情况(一段或几段)考察较多，后一种情况(全篇)考察较少。
Summary 本身又分为两种考察形式，第一种是需要考生用原文原词填空，如：If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in 33 as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 34 .......................... and 35........................ as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The 36 ...........................people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37 ........................... In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38 ........................ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39......................... for their food and clothes. 40 ......................... produce is particularly expensive.另一种情况是给出选择项，考生只需在选项中选择正确答案即可，不需要自己填单词，如：Modern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on 23........................... as the business of moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined. Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24.......................... from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The introduction of 25.......................... has meant that bulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce26 .......................... in order to free up the domestic cargo sector.A tariffsB componentsC container shipsD outputE employeesF insurance costsG tradeH freightI fares J software K international standards.一般认为第二种考察难度稍大。
雅思阅读题型：填空题
雅思阅读题型：填空题雅思阅读填空题主要分为summary ,sentence completion, table , diagram 和flow chart等这几种。
在雅思所有题型当中，填空题是最简单的题型，这就意味着，考试的时候，碰到有填空题一定要先做，即便做不完第三篇，也要优先完成填空题。
但是填空题也可以出得很难，所以除了掌握好技巧之外，还需要具备一定的词汇量。
雅思阅读填空题的基本解题步骤：1. 读题(字数，paragraph)2. 划定位词(2-3)3. 预判答案(词性，单复数，人/物)4. 回原文定位如C6T4P3Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35_________ which makes the school's attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36_________ as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs. In addition, action can be taken through the 37_________ This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38_________ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective. Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognize the difference between bullying and mere 39 __________.看到题目，先大致确定下该题在原文中的位置，因为是35-39题，基本是文章的最后第二个题型了。
详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧
详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧雅思阅读填空题是雅思阅读中的常考题型，那么，如何才能快速做对雅思阅读填空题呢?首先要看清题目要求，然后要快速定位选择合适的词汇填入空中。
下面为大家整理了详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧,供考生们参考,以下是详细内容.详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧新题型：填空式阅读每周练STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目拿到一篇阅读文章,考生应该首先细读题目要求,确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目,哪些是关于文章细节的题目,同时找出题目中的中心词.STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章1. 扫描标题考生拿到一篇思学术类阅读文章,首先应该看一下文章的标题,而迄今为止,雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题,始可用来判断文章大意、类型、进而得知文章结构;第二种是主标题加副标题,副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任;第三种是无标题,这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现,一般文章较长而且难,但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句.考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略;如果文章分几个SECTION 论述,则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意.2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息.3.扫描每个段落的首末句,把握文章主题：主题句提示文章每段的主题含意,进而合成整个文章的大意.因此,一定要找出主题句,从而找出这一段的主题.主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此),寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD) 中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词,一般是句子的主语和宾语;表明状态的动词;表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词;中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现.比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.4. 扫描连接上下文的信号词.5. 扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息,因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描,了解其内容从而加快答题速度,不然的话,就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪.但应注意,一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略.STEP THREE：以问题为中心,通过上述扫描工作,找出文章中对应的中心词,从而定位正确答案.雅思阅读之如何解决人名问题一、考题要点A. 人名观点配对一般考察的是某个人的言论(statement)、观点(opinion)、评论(comment)、发现(findings or discoveries)。
雅思阅读填空
• III. 确定所填词的词性
对所填词的词性进行预判断，有助于提高考生对正确答案的敏感性，帮 助考生精确锁定答案，个别词性的判断甚至能直接帮助我们找到答案。 比较极端的例子便是不定冠词a和an。如果空格前面有冠词a或an，往往 意味着空格应当填一个可数名词的单数形式，而不定冠词极难被同义转 换，因此原文中的词很可能也是带有a/ an的。
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• 我们以剑5 Test 2 流程图Q4 为例，来看一下等义关系的妙 用。
Q: stage one resin, called 4________.
很显然，这道题目是一个等义关系。定位词应当是resin。 结果在全文的第五段第三行定位到原句：the result was a resin know as Novalak,… 。根据known as这个等义结构，很 容易得出这道题目的答案Novalak.
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3. 所有题目均有字数限制 所有这类题目的指令里面都包括字数限制的要求，一般都 是不超过3个字，这同样是由阅读考试客观性、标准性的 性质所决定的。如果对答案不设字数限制，那么往往会导 致出现多个标准答案的现象，这也是不符合考试的原则的。 因为阅卷的时候标准答案越少，试卷的批阅过程就越客观、 越公正。
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• 3.并列关系
并列关系是填空类题目出得最多的语间关系。常见的并列 关系结构有：A and B, A or B, A as well as B, not only A but (also) B等等。只要找到其中一个定位词，另外一个自然就 是与其并列的词了。
我们以剑4 Test 1表格题Q19为例：
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5.基本都讲顺序原则 除了带选项的段落摘要题比较不稳定之外，其它所有的填 空题都比较严格地遵循顺序原则，即题号的顺序与原文的 顺序一致。掌握这条原则，我们将有效地缩短寻找答案的 时间。 在了解了这类题型出题思路之后，我们再来看一下这种题 目的做题步骤。
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summary(摘要填空)1. 题型要求该类题目是一小段文字，是原文或原文中的几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写，我们称之为摘要。
摘要中有几个空白部分要求考生填空。
按照范围，摘要可分为两种：全文摘要和部分段落摘要。
全文摘要，摘要信息来自全文，题目空格的数目较多。
部分段落摘要，摘要信息来自原文某几个连续的段落，题目空格的数目较少。
最近考试中出现的大部分是部分段落摘要，信息来自原文连续的两到三段，题目空格的数量在5题左右。
对于部分段落摘要，有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落，如complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the reading assage。
但大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要，并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。
按照填空内容，摘要也可分为三种：原文原词、从多个选项中选词和自己写词。
原文原词的题目要求中常有from the reading assage 的字样。
从多个选项中选词，选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。
从多个选项中选词或自己写词的题目要求中没有from the reading assage 的字样，有时会有using the information in the passage的字样。
最近考试中，绝大部分是原文原词或从多个选项中选词，很少有自己写词的。
这类题在a类和g类考试中出现的频率一般都是每两次考一次，每次考一组，共五题左右。
2. 解题步骤(1) 仔细读摘要的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。
如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处，则此步可以略去不做。
(2) 注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。
对应词的特点如下：a. 原词b. 词性变化；如空格前的词为threatening, 是形容词，原文中的词为threat, 是名词。
c. 语态变化；一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。
d. 同义词；如空格前的词为throw away，原文中的词为discard(丢弃，抛弃，遗弃)，它们是同义词。
(3) 仔细阅读对应所在的句子，确定正确答案。
(4) 注意语法，所填答案必须符合语法规定。
(5) 注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
notice1. 注意题目要求中是否有字数限制。
若要求从原文选词或自己写词，会有字数要求，如use one or two words 等，答案必须满足这个要求。
2. 若从原文选词，只能选原文中连续的几个词，不能改变它们的顺序。
如原文为virgin fibre, 发生答案不可能是fibre virgin。
原文为advances in the technology，答案不可能是technology advances。
3. 若要求从原文选词，越是生词，越可能是答案。
下列比较生僻的词如sustainable(可持续的)、biodegradable(可生物降解的)、contaminants(废物，杂物)、nostrils(鼻孔)都是一些题目的答案。
4. 从选项中选词，要注意看题目要求是写答案本身，还是写选项前的代表字母。
选项前有代表字母的，肯定是要求答代表字母。
最近的考试中，选项前大部分都有代表字母。
5. 从选项中选词，答案与原文的六大对应关系。
(1) 原文原词：与原文完全相同的词或短语。
(2) 词性变化：原文为necessary，是形容词，选项为necessity，是名词。
(3) 语态变化：原文为governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes，是主动语态。
摘要中的句子为people have also been encouraged by government to collect their waste on a regularbasis，是被动语态。
(4) 图表：如果原文中有图表，一般会有一题答案来自图表。
(5) 同义词：原文为tight，选项为restricted，是同义词。
(6) 归纳：有时文中没有直接提及，须从几句话中归纳出答案。
一般比较难，目前考试中，至少有一个空格是归纳出来的。
6.从选项中选词，如果时间不够，可以直接从选项中选择，不看原文。
这时，要特别注意语法。
这样做的准确性50%左右(视题目的难易及考生的水平而定)。
所以，除非时间不够，否则不建议大家这样做。
7. 如果要求自己写词，答案绝大部分是原文原词，少部分是对原文原词做的形式上的修改。
要求自己写词的机率很小，遇到过一次。
在这一次的5个题目中有4个答案是原文原词，剩下一个，原文原词是de-inked，答案根据语法的需要改为de-ink。
非词库型填空题1. 解题攻略针对非词库型填空题,笔者建议考生将整个解题过程分为三步。
第一步:观察空格前后是否有表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词包括:表示并列关系的词(and、both ... and ...、neither ...nor ...等);表示转折关系的词(but、however、while等);表示因果关系的词(because、as a result of等);表示举例关系的词(such as、for example等);表示时间关系的词(before、after等)。
观察有无这类词的主要目的是为了在回原文定位时,缩小查找范围,使定位更加精准。
例如A and B,B为空格处,那么我们就可以通过关键词and判断出B处所填的词与A并列,且与A的词性相同,由此我们就可以回原文定位和寻找符合条件的词了。
第二步:观察空格前后词的词性及其数的形式有的空格前后没有表示逻辑关系的词,那么考生可以依照空格前后词的词性或数的形式来推测空格处应该填入词的词性。
如果空格前为形容词,那么空格处很有可能为名词;如果空格前为副词,那么空格处很有可能为动词或形容词;如果空格后面的词为are,那么空格处很有可能为复数名词……这些小细节都是考生能否找到符合题目要求的词的关键因素。
第三步:依据顺序原则,在空格前后找出关键词回原文定位填空题往往都是遵循“顺序原则”的,也就是说,填空题往往是按照阅读理解文章自上而下的段落顺序进行出题的。
了解了这一特点,考生在回原文定位时只需根据关键词,依照填空题的题目顺序回原文相应的段位定位即可,无需从头到尾阅读完整篇文章,从而有效地节约阅读时间。
2. 真题解析下面我们就按照以上的方法来详解一道非词库型填空题。
真题:Volcanic eruptions have shaped theEarth’s land surface. They may also have produced theworld’s atmosphere and 22. Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the Earth’s mantle rise and expand. When they become liquid, they move more quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types oferuptions. Sometimes the 23 moves slowly and forms outcrops of granite on theEarth’s surface. When it moves m o re quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this typeof eruption can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24. A third type of eruption occurs when thelava emerges very quickly and 25 violently. This happens because the magma moves so suddenly that 26 areemitted.选自《剑桥雅思考试全真试题集4》解析:该题要求每个空格内所填单词数量不超过两个。
首先来看Q22。
通过观察空格前后的词我们发现,空格前有表示并列关系的词and,and前为名词atmosphere,由此可以推测出空格内应该填入与atmosphere 并列的名词。
根据关键词atmosphere可将答案信息定位至Section A的第三段第一句话:“... they are also thought由to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere andprovided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps.”此可知与atmosphere并列的名词为water,因而空格内应填入the water。
接下来看Q23。
该空格前有一个定冠词the,由此推测出空格内应填入名词。
然后根据关键词slowly定molten rock from the位至Section C的第二段第一句话:“Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma—这句话的理解重点为mantle—inch towards the surface, cooling slowly, to show through as granite extrusions.”相当于move slowly,而inch的动作发出者为名词magma (插inch一词,该词在此处作动词用,表示“慢慢移动”，入语molten rock from the mantle可忽略),由此可知空格处应填入magma。
再来看Q24。
通过观察Q24空格前的内容,我们可以判断出,空格内只需填入与Northern Ireland、Wales、South Africa并列的国家名字即可。
根据这三个国家名字可将答案信息定位至Section C的第二段第二句话:“Sometimes—as in Northern Ireland, Wales and the Karoo in South Africa—the magma rose faster, and then这句话中除上文提到的三个国家外并未出现其他flowed out horizontally on to the surface in vast thick sheets.”国家的名字。