中国文化英语教程Unit-7
2024年第七单元《传统的中国》教学计划英文版
2024年第七单元《传统的中国》教学计划英文版2024 Unit Seven "Traditional China" Teaching PlanGoals:- To introduce students to the rich cultural heritage of traditional China- To explore the history, art, literature, and philosophy of ancient China- To engage students in hands-on activities and discussions to deepen their understanding- To foster appreciation and respect for Chinese traditions and valuesCurriculum:Week 1: Introduction to Traditional China- Overview of key dynasties and periods in Chinese history- Introduction to Confucianism, Daoism, and other major philosophical schools- Discussion on the importance of family and ancestors in Chinese cultureWeek 2: Art and Literature in Ancient China- Study of traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, and poetry- Analysis of famous Chinese literary works such as "The Art of War" and "Journey to the West"- Hands-on activities such as Chinese brush painting and writing poetryWeek 3: Chinese Festivals and Traditions- Exploration of major Chinese festivals such as Lunar New Year and Mid-Autumn Festival- Discussion on the significance of traditional Chinese customs and rituals- Participation in a traditional tea ceremony and paper cutting workshopWeek 4: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Martial Arts- Introduction to the principles of Chinese medicine and acupuncture- Demonstration of basic Tai Chi and Qi Gong exercises- Guest speakers from the local Chinese community to share insights on traditional practicesAssessment:- Weekly quizzes to test understanding of key concepts and themes - Creative projects such as creating a Chinese scroll painting or writing a short story inspired by Chinese folklore- Final presentation showcasing students' learning and reflections on traditional Chinese cultureResources:- Textbooks on Chinese history, philosophy, and culture- Online resources such as virtual museum tours and interactive language learning tools- Guest speakers, videos, and documentaries to provide real-world context and perspectivesConclusion:By the end of this unit, students will have gained a deeper appreciation for the traditions and values that have shaped Chinese society for centuries. Through engaging activities and discussions, they will have a greater understanding of the cultural richness and diversity of traditional China.。
中原工学院中国传统文化概论英语课件第七章History in Brief
3) Empress Wu Zetian was the only female
monarch of China. Chinese Renaissance(中国的文艺复兴） The Song Dynasty is often called a “Chinese Renaissance”. It progressed in technology and inventions. Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan(成吉思汗 与忽必烈） 1) Genghis Khan was originally given the name Temujin. With outstanding military talents, he united the nomadic tribes of Mongolia and established the powerful Mongol Empire.
Emperor Yongle (永乐皇帝）
1) Emperor Yongle built the Forbidden
City and the Ming Great Wall, and commissioned the compilation of Yongle Encyclopedia, (永乐大典）which is the world’s largest general encyclopedia. 2) Emperor Yongle dispatched ZHeng He to make far-ranging voyages to the Western Ocean. The first expedition is 18 years earlier that the Portuguese voyages sponsored by Henry the Navigator.
人教版高中英语Unit 7 Cultural relics 教案2023
人教版高中英语Unit 7 Cultural relics 教案2023Unit 7 Cultural Relics 教案Section 1: Introduction to the UnitIn this unit, we will explore the topic of cultural relics. We will learn about the significance of cultural relics, their preservation, and the role they play in showcasing a country's history and heritage. Through various activities, students will develop their reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills while deepening their understanding of different cultures around the world.Section 2: Learning Objectives1. Understand the definition and importance of cultural relics.2. Learn about different types of cultural relics.3. Analyze the challenges in preserving cultural relics.4. Explore cultural relics from different countries.5. Engage in discussions about cultural preservation and heritage.6. Improve language skills through various reading and listening exercises.Section 3: Warm-up ActivityTo set the stage for learning about cultural relics, students will engage in a group discussion about significant artifacts in their own culture. This willencourage them to think about the importance of preserving cultural heritage and provoke their curiosity about relics from other parts of the world.Section 4: Vocabulary and Language FocusIn this section, students will learn key vocabulary related to cultural relics and practice using them in various contexts. Additionally, they will be introduced to language structures necessary for describing and discussing cultural artifacts. This will enable them to express their ideas effectively during discussions and written assignments.Section 5: Reading and ComprehensionStudents will read a text about the Terracotta Army in China, one of the world's most famous cultural relics. They will answer comprehension questions and engage in a class discussion about the significance of this archaeological discovery. This activity will develop their reading comprehension skills and allow them to analyze the role of cultural relics in preserving a nation's history.Section 6: Listening and SpeakingStudents will listen to a recording of an interview with an archaeologist who discusses the challenges in preserving underwater cultural relics. They will then participate in a role-play activity where they act as archaeologists discussing the importance of protecting cultural relics. This task will enhance their listening comprehension skills and provide an opportunity for them to practice expressing their opinions in English.Section 7: Writing TaskIn this section, students will write a descriptive essay about a cultural relic of their choice. They will conduct research, gather information about its historical and cultural significance, and present their findings in a well-structured essay. This task will encourage students to improve their writing skills and develop their ability to convey information clearly.Section 8: Group PresentationTo further deepen their understanding of cultural relics, students will work in small groups to research and prepare a presentation about a specific cultural relic from another country. They will share their findings, discuss the relic's importance, and engage in a Q&A session with their classmates. This activity will enhance their speaking and presentation skills while broadening their knowledge of different cultures.Section 9: Reflection and AssessmentIn the final section of the lesson, students will reflect on their learning experience throughout the unit. They will discuss what they have gained from studying cultural relics and evaluate their own progress. This self-reflection will enable students to recognize their achievements and set goals for future language development.Conclusion:Through this unit, students will not only improve their language skills but also develop an appreciation for the cultural heritage of different countries. By exploring cultural relics, students will gain a deeper understanding of the importance of preserving and respecting cultural diversity.。
UNIT7 Chinese Festivals and Folk Customs 中国文化
Summary EssayUNIT7 Chinese Festivals and Folk CustomsEvery nation has its own traditional festivals. As a multiethnic country, China has some special festivals such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Middle-Autumn Festival, and the Double Ninth Festival and so on.Chinese tradition festivals are usually related to Chinese history, religion and moral principles; in some other words they’re created by Chinese people’s wisdom and ideals. And almost every traditional festival is set on the lunar calendar (Chinese traditional calendar.). And it causes a problem that it’s difficult to set date for those festivals. So China has two kinds of calendar, the Lunar calendar and the solar calendar. The solar calendar is the same as the calendar used in western countries, and now it’s the official calendar in China.The Spring Festival is the same as the western New year’s Day and Christmas roll into one. People often go back home to be with their families, and have a nice vacation during that time.The Lantern Festival is celebrating for the first full moon of the new year, people often eat yuanxiao on that day.The Qingming Festival is the day for Chinese people to sweep tombs and honor their ancestors at grave sites. Also people go on family outing. Start spring planting and so on. But the most unusual thing is that this festival is set on solar calendar.The Dragon Boat Festival is the most energetic festival in China. It’s taking place in 5th May in lunar calendar. This festival is celebrated to honor a great man named Quyuan, people usually eat zongzi and race Dragon boats on that day.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a day for people to meet their families and friends and philosophize while gazing at the night sky with delicious moon cakes.The Double Ninth Festival is on the 9th day of the 9th lunar month, also named Chongyang festival. In this day people usually go to climb mountains and eat the Double Ninth Gao(cake). And women used to stick chrysanthemum into their hair or hang it on the window or door to avoid evil spirits.。
中国文化英语教程unit 7课后答案
中国文化英语教程unit 7课后答案1、We are looking forward to _______ you again. [单选题] *A. seeB. sawC. seeing(正确答案)D. seen2、The classmates can' t（）Alice from her twin sister. [单选题] *A. speakB. tell(正确答案)C. talkD. say3、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use4、Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people_____harm them. [单选题] *A.more thanB.other thanC.rather than(正确答案)D.better than5、49．________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A．HowB．How muchC．What(正确答案)D．How many6、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] *A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)7、45．—Let's make a cake ________ our mother ________ Mother's Day.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．with; forB．for; on(正确答案)C．to; onD．for; in8、Bill Gates is often thought to be the richest man in the world. _____, his personal life seems not luxury. [单选题] *A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. However(正确答案)D. Besides9、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one10、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for11、______! It’s not the end of the world. Let’s try it again.（）[单选题] *A. Put upB. Set upC. Cheer up(正确答案)D. Pick up12、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken13、--Can I _______ your dictionary?--Sorry, I’m using it. [单选题] *A. borrow(正确答案)B. lendC. keepD. return14、76．AC Milan has confirmed that the England star David Beckham （）the team soon. [单选题] *A. has rejoinedB. was going to rejoinC. rejoinedD. is to rejoin(正确答案)15、88．Sorry. I don’t know the way? ? ? ? ? ?Dongfeng Cinema. [单选题] *A．byB．ofC．to(正确答案)D．for16、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] *A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour17、69．Online shopping is easy, but ________ in the supermarket usually ________ a lot of time. [单选题] *A．shop; takesB．shopping; takeC．shop; takeD．shopping; takes(正确答案)18、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *A. atB. inC. ofD. with(正确答案)19、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out20、She found her wallet（）she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that21、Which is _______ city, Shanghai, Beijing or Chengdu? [单选题] *A. largeB. largerC. largestD. the largest(正确答案)22、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after23、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve24、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well25、I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [单选题] *A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruined(正确答案)D. had been ruined26、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were27、I often _______ music from the Internet. [单选题] *A. download(正确答案)B. spendC. saveD. read28、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] *A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone29、The boy’s mother always _______ him a story before he goes to bed. [单选题] *A. saysB. speaksC. tells(正确答案)D. talks30、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after。
中国文化英语阅读教程黄建滨课后答案unit7
中国文化英语阅读教程黄建滨课后答案unit7 1、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] *A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through2、Is there going to ______ a football match in the stadium next month?（）[单选题] *A. beingB. haveC. be(正确答案)D. having3、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.4、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)5、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /6、Sitting at the back of the room（）a very shy girl with two bright eyes. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. there was7、Sichuan used to have more people than ______ province in China. [单选题] *A. otherB. any other(正确答案)C. anotherD. any others8、For the whole period of two months, there _____ no rain in this area. Now the crops are dead [单选题] *A. isB. wasC. has been(正确答案)D. have been9、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *A．go out(正确答案)B．to go outC．going outD．goes out10、89．The blackboard is ________ the classroom. [单选题] *A．nextB．betweenC．in front ofD．in the front of(正确答案)11、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude towards customers. [单选题] *A. impartialB. mildC. hostile(正确答案)D. opposing12、The house is well decorated _____ the disarrangement of a few photos. [单选题] *A. exceptB. besidesC. except for(正确答案)D. in addition to13、I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [单选题] *A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruined(正确答案)D. had been ruined14、I run out of money. Could you _______ me some？[单选题] *A. lend(正确答案)B. sellC. borrowD. buy15、This species has nearly （）because its habitat is being destroyed. [单选题] *A. used upB. died out(正确答案)C. gone upD. got rid of16、I’m so tired after _______ walk. [单选题] *A. three hour’sB. three hours’(正确答案)C. three hoursD. three hour17、His new appointment takes（）from the beginning of next month. [单选题] *A. placeB. effect(正确答案)C. postD. office18、11．No one ________ on the island(岛). [单选题] *A．liveB．lives(正确答案)C．livingD．are living19、Having stayed in the United States for more than ten years, he got an American（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C. voiceD. sound20、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)21、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)22、Ordinary books, _________ correctly, can give you much knowledge. [单选题] *A. used(正确答案)B. to useC. usingD. use23、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to24、Jane and Tom _______ my friends. [单选题] *A. amB. isC. are(正确答案)D. was25、The Titanic is a nice film. I _______ it twice. [单选题] *A. sawB. seeC. have seen(正确答案)D. have saw26、The blue shirt looks _______ better on you than the red one. [单选题] *A. quiteB. moreC. much(正确答案)D. most27、You can borrow my book, _____ you promise to give it back to me by the end of this month. [单选题] *A.even ifB. as long as(正确答案)C. in caseD. even though28、They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was night began to fall. [单选题] *A. thatB. itC. what(正确答案)D. which29、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)30、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy。
中国文化英语教程文本
Part I Wisdom and BeliefsUnit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanityConfucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu).Confucius on Heaven: the source of EverythingIn the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven”as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.” Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole.Confucius on People: ren and liRen and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people.When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “ The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.”By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then? Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.”Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love his parents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance.Confucius on the State of lifeBefore Confucius, only the nobility had the right to education. He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education. According to historical records, Confucius taught for many years and trained 3,000 disciples. A total of 72 of them excelled in the “six arts”, i.e., ritual, music, archery, (carriage)driving, calligraphy, and mathematics. A great educator, Confucius has been admired by later generations as the “sage of sages”.Confucius believed the basic goal of education was to cultivate “persons of virtue”, who should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such people should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education. Of these, virtue was the most important. His students were involved in a variety of professions, including politics, trade, education, diplomacy, ritual ceremony, and classifying ancient books. Whatever they did, they all wanted to improve their learning of the humanities and to enhance their virtue.Unit 2 Laozi’s philosophy of Non-actionThe book Laozi was written around the sixth century BC. The author is generally believed to be Lao Dan, or Laozi – a recluse who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. Few records have survived about Lao Dan, who was said to have once held a low civil position in the royal court, in chare of the archival records of the Zhou Dynasty. Yet, due to his great learning, even Confucius was said to have traveled miles to consult him.Laozi, also known as Classic of the Way and Virtue (Dao De Jing), consists of just over 5,000 Chinese characters. Its 81 chapters are divided into two parts, Dao (the Way) and De (Virtue). Short as it is, the book has played a tremendous role in the development of Chinese culture. It became the basis of Daoism, the school of philosophy parallel to Confucianism in ancient China. The thought of Laozi formed the foundation of Daoism, the most influential indigenous school of religion in China. It has also exerted a direct impact on the characteristics, trends of thought and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese nation. Today Laozi still plays a role in the development of Chinese thinking.Naturalness and Non-action“Naturalness” is an important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. Laozi emphasized that everything in the world has its own way of being and development: birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the water, clouds float in the sky, flowers bloom and flowers fall. All these phenomena occur independently and naturally without following any human will, and humans should not try to change anything natural. Laozi admonished people to give up on any desire to control the world. Following the way of nature is the way to resolving conflicts between humans and the world.“Non-action”is another important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It is the guarantee of “Naturalness”. Laozi said, “(Dao or the Way) acts through non-action,” by which he did no mean that one should do nothing and passively wait for something to be achieved. Neither did he deny human creativity. What he meant is that human enterprises should be built on the basis of naturalness, not on many attempts to interrupt the rhythm of nature. Human creativity should be in compliance with the ways of nature.The philosophy of Non-contentionOn the basis of “naturalness” and “non-action”, Laozi proposed the view of “overcoming the strong by being weak”. The era Laozi lived in was replete with endless wars. Therefore, war wasan important treme for philosophers, and ant-war thinking was the norm. Even the great strategist Sunzi advocated “winning a war without fighting it”, not to mention the great thinker Confucius, who strongly championed a government based on love. Their contemporary Mozi (c. 468-376 BC), founder of Mohism, also condemned wars while calling for “love for all”.According to Laozi, war springs from humanity’s bloated desires. Conflict arises out of people’s struggles to satisfy their desires, and conflict escalates into war. Therefore, Laozi’s philosophy is based on “non-contention”. To him, human striving and competitive strife is the root cause of decline; desiring nothing is the natural way of life.Laozi said, “The greatest virtue is like water.”He compared his philosophy of “non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jungle. He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing.” To Laozi, humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places. Driven by desire, humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior. Yet water always flows downward. As the source of life, water nourishes all living things on Earth. No life can exist without water. Water contributes to the world without regard for gain or loss. Remaining low, level and tranquil, water embraces and reflects everything under heaven. The way of water is completely different from the way of people with avid desires.But the philosophy of Laozi is by no means weak. On the contrary, it is full of strength. According to Laozi, water accumulates great strength in its weakness and quietude. Its strength can break down all barriers in the world. He said, “Nothing in the world is weaker than water. Yet nothing is stronger than water when it comes to breaking something strong.” Water is a typical example of the weak winning over the strong. Water is invincible because it desires nothing and contends for nothing.Unit 3 Chinese Buddhist CultureWho am I? Where am I from? Where am I going?Men are mortal. But death is not an once-and-for-all thing. They enter the rotating Wheel of Six Realms:Heaven, Human, Asura, Animal, Hungry Ghost, Hell.Documents stored in computer can be canceled at will, but what we have done in our life, and actually in our innumerable lives, cannot. What has been done has been done. The information is stored in your true “self”, not the physical one, and will accompany you life after life, and determines which Realm you enter.Only when we are completely free from lust, hatred, and folly, can we manage to break away from the capture of the rotating Wheel, and achieve perpetual enlightenment, discovering your true “self”.In Buddhism there isn’t any dominating god who controls your destiny. We are the maker of our own fate. What we are at present is a result of what we have done in the past; and what we will be in the future is decided by what we are doing at present. What we have done form the “karma”, which, like a gene, decides on your future story. But this “gene” can of c ourse be modified, by doing good deeds and obtaining healthy biological and spiritual energy, so as to change our future course of career. We are, therefore, our own master. What are the basic requirements for a Buddhist?Five Prohibitions for the laymen:1) Don’t kill;2) Don’t steal;3) Don’t seek aberrant sensual pleasures;4) Don’t talk irresponsibly;5) Don’t drink alcohol.Part II Creativity and ExchangeUnit 4 The Silk RoadThe silk road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the European continent. It appeared as early as the second century BC and was traveled mainly by silk merchants. The term “Silk Road”, or “die Seidenstrasse”in German, was first noted down by the German geographer Ferdinand V on Richthofen at the end of the 19th century.The silk road began in Chang’an (present-day Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia, West Asia, and to lands by the Mediterranean. There were no signs of communication between ancient Chinese civilization and Mediterranean civilization in earlier history. In about the seventh century BC, the ancient Greeks began to learn about an ancient civilization to the east, yet knew little about it. Before the Silk Road, according to archeological findings, there had already existed an intermittent trade route on the grasslands from the Yellow River and the Indus River drainage areas to the Euphrates and the Tigris, and the Nile drainage areas. Yet real communication between China, Central and West Asian countries, Africa and the European continent did not develop until the opening of the Silk Road.Zhang Qian, Trail BlazerThe pioneer who blazed the trail of the Silk Road was Zhang Qian (c. 164-114 BC). In Zhang Qian’s time, the Chinese has little knowledge about Central and West Asian countries, Africa or Europe, although they were aware of the existence of many different countries and cultures in faraway places to the west.During the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 140-135 BC), there were 36 small kingdoms in the Western Regions (present-day Xinjiang and parts of Central Asia). All of them were later conquered by the Huns, who then posed a direct threat to the Western Han and blocked the dynasty’s path west. Under these circumstances, Emperor Wu appointed Zhang Qian to lead a team of more than 100 envoys to the Western Regions.The mission was to unite the Indo-Scythic people against the Huns, who once killed their chieftain. Zhang Qian’s team set out in 138 BC. No sooner had they entered the Hexi Corridor (northwest of present-day Gansu Province), than they were captured by the Huns. After being held under house arrest for over ten years, Zhang Qian and only one other remaining envoy managed to escape and return to Chang’an in 126 BC. Their accounts about the Western Regions were a revelation to Hun emperor and his ministers.In the next two decades, Emperor Wu launched three major campaigns against the Huns, forcing them to retreat from the Western Regions. In 119 BC, the emperor sent Zhang Qian on a second mission to the Western Regions. This time Zhang Qian went further west, while his deputies reached more than a dozen countries in South and West Asia, and the Mediterranean.Zhang Qian’s two missions to the Western Regions opened up the road to the west. Emperor Wu adopted a series of measures to strengthen ties with the Western Regions, includingencouraging Han People to trade there.Soon the route was bustling with caravans of camels carrying goods of all types and reverberating with the tinkling of their bells. Through the Silk Road, trade flourished between China and Central, South and West Asian countries, Africa and Europe. In 166, envoys from Rome arrived via the Silk Road in Chang’an, were they set up an embassy.Part III Art and AestheticsUnit 5 Music: Govern the Country, Nourish the MindThe tradition of Chinese music dates back to remote antiquity. Governing the country and nourishing the mind through music are two of the main functions of this tradition.Governance Through MusicAccording to ancient Chinese culture, rituals provided the norms of conduct of people. The goal was to maintain social order.Music was for the mind’s cultivation and expression. Its purpose was to enhance people’s outlook on life and imbue them with energy and creativity, such that they could enjoy a more harmonious and happier spiritual life. Individual contentment would then lead to social harmony, as well as to a more harmonious relationship between people and nature. The highest level of ancient Chinese music was to represent spiritual with nature.The prominent stature of music in ancient China explains the emergence of sophisticated instruments from early times. Chime bells were one example. First used in the Shang Dynasty, they became quite popular during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC). In 1978, a fine set of chime bells was unearthed in Hubei Province, from the tomb of Marquis Yi, a local lord in a small state called Zeng during the Warring States Period.The Marquis Yi chime bells consist of 65 bells arranged in three rows. The first row includes 19 niu bells, and the second and third rows include 45 yong bells. The bells in each row differ from one another in shape and size, emanating(发出) different tones. In addition, there is a separate and much larger bell used to adjust pitch. Like the bells, the from is made of bronze, weighing as much as five tons or more. The total weight of the bells is more than 440 kilograms. While the bells bear inscriptions totaling more than 2,800 Chinese characters relating to music and the making of the instrument, the frame is carved with exquisite patterns in relief (浮雕) and fretwork(回纹细工). Instruments of such a scale and such fine craftsmanship were quite rate in the world at the time. Five musicians were needed to play the instrument. Each bell produces two tones when struck at the respective sound points as marked. The entire set of chime bells is able to produce all the tones of a modern piano.Consoling the Mind with MusicThe Chinese zither tends to create a tranquil air. The composition Wild Geese Landing on the Shallow Shore is such an example. With a relaxed rhythm, the first part of the piece depicts a calm Yangtze River under a clear autumn sky. The second part progresses into livelier rhythms to imitate the chirping of many birds. The third part presents a thematic scene of wild geese leisurely landing on the shallow shores of the Yangtze, as a gentle breeze makes the water ripple. To Chinese musicians and music lovers, the contentment of the wild geese represents the humanheart.The zither was also instrumental in communication between ancient scholars and artist. The famous zither composition, Three Stanzas of Plum Blossoms, was based on an Eastern Jin Dynasty story of the poet Wang Ziyou (王子猷) (c. 338-386) and the flute player Huan Yi (桓伊) (?-383). One day the poet was taking a boat trip when he overheard someone on the riverbank say Huan Yi was passing by. Although the two had never met before, they admired each other as poet and flute player. Despite his lower rank of office, Ziyou sent a family member to request Huan Yi to play the flute. Without hesitation, Huan Yi dismounted from his carriage and played Three Stanzas of Plum Blossoms, while Ziyou listened from his boat. After finishing, Huan Yi mounted his carriage and drove on. Ziyou, too, continued with his boat journey. The two of them exchanged not a single word, yet both were content with the communication of their hearts through the music.The flute’s three stanzas were later converted into a composition for the Chinese zither, which has become one of the best-known musical works –as an expression of otherworldly feelings through its eulogy of the plum flower’s purity, fragrance and resistance to the cold.Unit 6 Flying strokes of CalligraphyThe evolution of Chinese characters font甲骨文the Oracle bone script→金文Jinwen (Inscriptions on bronze )→篆书Seal script→隶书Official script→楷书Regular script→草书Cursive script→行书running scriptWang Xizhi and Preface to the Lanting Pavilion CollectionIn the Hall for Cultivation of Mind of the Palace Museum, there is a Three-treasurer Study, which derives its name for the three most valuable calligraphic works housed here. These three treasures, most valued and adored by Emperor Qianling (r. 1736-1795) of the Qing Dynasty, were A Sunny Scene after a Quick Snow by Wang Xizhi, Mid-Autumn by Wang Xianzhi and Boyuan by Wang Xun (349-400). As father and son, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi hae been known as the “Two Wangs”, their works universally recognized as the peak of Chinese calligraphy.Unit 7 Porcelain – Calling Card of Chinese CultureIn English, the country and “porcelain”share the same name –“China”. This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relationship to porcelain. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries. The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty. Throughout history, China, along with other Asian countries, and Europe maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain. From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain to Europe. Porcelain garnered a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance, and played an important role in the wave of the European idealization of China during the 17th and 18th centuries. In the rococo stylepopular in Europe of that time, one could sense, from time to time, the influence of “Chinese vogue”represented by China’s styles of porcelain and gardens.Porcelain is of great significance in the history of Chinese civilization. Pottery was the predecessor of porcelain, while glazed pottery was the basis for the emergence of porcelain. Around the first century, porcelain production first emerged in China, and by The Song Dynasty it had become mature. Song-Dynasty porcelain represented the acme of Chinese porcelain technique. Five famous kilns, the Jun, Ding, Guan, Ge, and Ru, were all creative and original in their respective products, and their porcelain ware has been imitated by later generations throughout the ages. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen became the center of the Chinese Porcelain industry.Pure Blue-and-White PorcelainPure and elegant beauty is the goal that porcelain pursues, and this ideal is best explained in the production of blue-and-white porcelain.Blue-and-white porcelain is a typical artifact of porcelain in China. Among the porcelain exported during the Ming and Qing dynasties, 80 percent was blue-and-white. Chinese-made blue-and-white porcelain ware emerged long before the founding of the Tang Dynasty, but it was not until the Yuan Dynasty that this type of porcelain came to be produced in quantity, with the attendant masterpieces. The Ming Dynasty witnessed the maturity of the art, and a large number of valuable pieces were produced in this period. Jingdezhen, a small town that created the enchanting blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty, became its porcelain-producing center; and in the subsequent Ming Dynasty, the imperial kilns were established here. Blue-and-white porcelain is now the most representative of Chinese porcelain.To produce blue-and-white porcelain, cobalt oxide is requisite. It is employed to draw on the white roughcast before glaze is applied. After kilning at a high temperature, the roughcast turns into blue-and-white porcelain, since cobalt oxide turns blue with heat. The white surface with blue patterns and a shiny sheen of glaze produces a pure, elegant and transparent effect.Unit 8 Peking Opera: Artistry of PerformersThe Delights of Peking Opera MasksChina’s Peking Opera radiates with the beauty of resplendent color –vivid, intense and glamorous. This artistic beauty comes not only from the costumes but also from the masks of exaggerated, dazzling designs, gleaming with red, purples, whites, yellows, blacks, blues, greens, every diverse color imaginable.Masks, applied to the two roles of the “jing”or “painted-face role”and the “chou”or “clown”, serve two purposes. One is to indicate the identity and character of the role. For example, a “red face”means the person is loyal and brave; a “black face”signifies the person is straightforward; and “a white face”identifies the person as crafty and evil. The other purpose is to express people’s appraisal of the roles from a moral and aesthetic point of view, such as respectable, hateful, noble, ridiculous, etc.Peking Opera Performance: Sing, Speak, Act, and FightThe performance of a Peking Opera actor can be summarized into four basic aspects, of singing, speaking, acting, and fighting, the core of which is a combination of song and choreography.Singing is of utmost importance in the performance of Peking Opera, because first of all, Peking Opera is a singing art. Any famous Peking Opera boasts several wonderful arias that are well-known and popular with audiences. The charm of the melodies usually embodies the sublime realm of the art of Peking Opera. Unable to appreciate the magic of Peking Opera arias, one would fail to enjoy the profound beauty of the art itself.Speaking refers to character monologs and dialogs, which serve to propel the development of the story. Speaking, like singing, needs to be executed in an appealing way.Acting and fighting mean that actors employ physical movements to express the emotions of the characters and the circumstances. Acting includes body movements and eye movements, solo dancing or group dancing, etc. Most of the dancing is choreographed movements from everyday life. Fighting is choreographed martial arts and acrobatics to depict fight or battle scenes. As the art of Peking Opera depends on movement to depict events, actors are given much room to perform on the stage.In the opera Picking up the Jade Bracelet, the young woman Sun Yujiao and the young scholar fall in love with each other, their eyes affixed on each other as if a thread connected them. Then, as Matchmaker Liu uses her pipe to pull the “virtual” line up and down, the young couple’s eyes accordingly move up and down. These actions produce great humor and add much significance to the performance.Acting and fighting serve the whole “play”or the “world of images”, but at the same time they are themselves a beautiful art in both form and skill. For example, in King Chu Bids Farewell to His Concubine, artist Mei Lanfang performed a sword dance in a miraculously skillful way, which became very popular with audiences. This is a type of beauty in form. As for the beauty of skill, this usually includes some very difficult acrobatic movements, often referred to as “superb skills”.The uniqueness of performances in Peking Opera lies in the fact that the singing, speaking, acting, and fighting, all focus on one or two actors in the play.These performers used to be called “jue’er”, hence “mingjue” was used to refer to famous actors or actresses. In this sense, the world of imagery created in Peking Opera mainly relies on the singing, speaking, acting, and fighting of actors, especially in the performance of the famous plays. This is the biggest difference between Peking Opera and other forms of performing arts in terms of aesthetic appreciation. And the remark –“Peking Opera is the art of performers”–well describes its quintessence.The Beauty of a “Visual World”Depicting a “visual world”is a distinctive feature of Peking Opera. Its virtually consists of two aspects: one is virtual movements, and the other virtual settings. Virtual movement refers to imitating actions onstage. For example, riding a horse. Onstage, an actor cannot ride a real horse, but can only hold a whip and imitate the movement of galloping by walking around the stage, turning the body, wielding the whip, and pulling the reins. A virtual setting means creating an imagined environment onstage. For example, rowing a boat. As there is no water or boat on the stage, an actor usually takes an oar and, through actions, makes the audience “see”the rowing of a boat on water.One is At the Crossroad. This opera describes the story of two yamen runners escorting Jiao Zan to prison. On the way they stay at an inn for the night. Ren Tanghui, whose task is to protect Jiao Zan, checks in at the same time. The owner of the inn, however, suspects Ren Tanghui is planning to murder Jiao Zan, so he gropes his way into Ren’s room at night. Thus a fight starts. What is special about the performance is that, although the fight happens at night, the stage isbrightly lit; yet the audience is able to sense it is a pitch-dark night from the actors’performances, which feature stealthy movements typical of people in darkness. Sometimes, one man’ s sword swishes down, only a few inches away from the other’ s face, yet the latter feels nothing, thus producing a breathtaking yet meaningful and humorous effect.The other example is Autumn River, a play transplanted from Sichuan Opera. This story describes a young nun, Chen Miaochang who leaves the nunnery to pursue her lover Pan Bizheng. Onstage, there is neither water nor boat, but through the performance of the young woman and the old boatman, the audience is able to obviously “see”that the stage is a river. The boat sways forward; all the way there the girl complains about the boat for being slow, while the old boatman keeps teasing her about her anxiety to see her lover. The performance is full of wit and humor.These examples describe the function of the “virtual world” in the art of Peking Opera, which provides limitless room for the performances of actors; and in return, performers present the audience with a world of images full of appealing wit. If in fact the stage of At the Crossroad was really all black to represent the dark night, and there was a real boat on the stage of Autumn River, what could the actors do? And what we still find as much wit and meaning in the performances? We doubt it.Part IV Folk CustomsUnit 9 Life with Fragrant TeaTea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China about 4,000 years ago. During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan, and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism, created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony. In the 17th century, the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese habit of tea drinking, which then became a tradition of the Europeans. In England in particular, people developed the custom of afternoon tea. Prior to the 19th century, all the tea in the world was grown in China, and even the English word “tea”was a transliteration of the pronunciation of “tea”in the Fujian dialect of China. Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.Ways of Savoring TeaThe Chinese people look to tea drinking as an art, which incorporates a wide range of knowledge; the taste of tea might be light, yet the meaning is rich and deep.The Chinese attach great importance to the water, tea leaves, tea set, and fire, when making and drinking tea.Water is an element of priority in the making of tea. To make a good cup of tea, quality water is a must. The ancient Chinese commented on tea making thus: the tea must be new, and water must be live, or flowing. Lu Yu(陆羽) (733-804), the Saint of the Tang Dynasty, pointed out that, to make fine, water from high mountains is the best, followed by water from rivers and wells. In the cloud-enveloped high mountains, crystal clear spring water is the best for making tea; water in the brooks though also good, is not pure because it smells of the earth, therefore is only second best. Considered third is water from wells, as artificial springs from underground are often stagnant and tinted with the flavor of salt. It is thus no match at all for uncontaminated mountain spring water. Unluckily for us today, we do not even have the third type of water to make tea; we use either tap water or artificially purified water – a true pity indeed!。
高一英语Unit7 Cultural relics 人教
It was built in the 7th century. When Zhangpu King (Shuzhan Genpu) set up Tugen Kingdom in Tibet with Lhasa as its capital, the Emperor of China’s Tang Dynasty sent Princess Wencheng to marry Zhanpu King. Zhanpu King decided “to build a city to show the glory”, then started to build it on the Red Hill.
Unit 7 Cultural relics
Pyramids / Egypt
The great wall / China
Stonehenge / Britain
Reasons for their importance
Symbols of their countries and cultures
Large structures built by people
As is known to all, China is a country with a history of more than 5,000 years. In the long history, people in different periods have left us quite a number of cultural sites, many of which are world famous. Now look at the pictures and guess what heritage they are.
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贾迪南德·冯·李希特霍芬(1833—1905) 德国地理学家、地质学家，对地理学方法和 地貌学研究有贡献，曾到中国和日本旅行， 著有《中国：旅行成果和根据成果的研究》。
Introduction
Route:
The Silk Road began in Chang’an (present-day Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia, West Asia, and to lands by the Mediterranean.
Introduction Zhang Qian, Trail Blazer Opening to the “West” Murals in the Kuche Grottes
Introduction
• The Silk Road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the European continent.
Introduction
Introduction
What is the significance of the Silk Road? 1) The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade
route, but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China, India, the Mesopotamian plains, Egypt, and Greece.
• It appeared as early as the second century.
Introduction
• The term “Silk Road” was first noted down by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen at the end of the 19th century.
Note
the Mesopotamian plains: 美索不达米亚平原（西南亚一地
区） “两河流域”，即底格里斯和幼发拉底两河流域平原，在叙利亚东 部和伊拉克境内。
To be continued>>>
Introduction
What is the significance of the Silk Road?
• Emperor Wu appointed Zhang Qian to lead a team of more than 100 envoys (使者) to the Western Regions. The mission was to unite the Indo-Scythic people against the Huns.
Zhang Qian, Trail Blazer
• Zhang Qian (c. 164—114 BC) • a general of the Western Han Dynasty
Note Zhang Qian: 张骞
西汉外交家，汉中成固（今陕 西城固）人，对开辟从中国通 往西域的丝绸之路有卓越贡献。
Unit 7 The Silk Road
Content
Lead-in Text study Exercises
Lead-in
永昌锦
Yongchang (“everlasting prosperity”) brocade of the Eastern Han Dynasty, showing a high level of textile technology
Lead-in
浅褐ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้菱纹罗地信期绣
Diamond-pattern embroidery of the Western Han Dynasty
Lead-in
缂丝紫鸾鹊谱
Bird-and-flower embroidery of the Northern Song Dynasty
Text study
2) It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.
3) The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country, which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.
Zhang Qian, Trail Blazer
What is the history background of the Silk Road? What are the purposes?
• During the reign of Emperor Wu, there were 36 small kingdoms in the Western Regions. All of them were later conquered by the Huns, who then posed a direct threat to the Western Han and blocked the dynasty’s path west.
Zhang Qian, Trail Blazer
• Zhang Qian’s team set out in 138 BC. • They were captured by the Huns and held under