中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版

Review Outline for "English Introduction to Chinese Culture Course"Overview & Introduction:See the picture on the right, and describe them in English.Video: This is ChinaBBC: Wild ChinaFull Name of China:PRC-People's Republic of ChinaNational Flag:the red five-star flagParty in power:CPC-Communist Party of ChinaCPPCC-Chinese People's Political Consultative ConferenceNational EmblemKey words:Forbidden City/ Imperial Palace;Temple of Heaven;Summer Palace;Ming Tombs;The world-renowned Badaling section of the Great Wall;to be added more...Enjoy videos:NBC北京奥运会片头《北京欢迎你》GeographyLocationSoutheast Asia , the Pacific Ocean, the world‘s third largest country.million square kilometers, 18,000 kilometers, a rooster.northern end: Mohe, Heilongjiang Province,south: Zengmu Anshawest: Pamirseast: the conjunction of the Heilongjiang (Amur) River and the Wusuli (Ussuri) River.BoundaryEast: KoreaNorth: MongaliaNortheast: RussiaNorthwest: Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, TajikistanWest & Southwest: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, BhutanSouth: Myanmar, Laos, VietnamMarine-side neighbors include eight countries -- North Korea, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam.TopographyTerrain--The vast land expanses of China include plateaus, plains, basins, foothills, and mountains.Ladder topography ( 4 steps of a staircase)---First Step: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of about 4,000 metres. The highest peak：Mt. Everest (Mt. Qomolangma)The second step: large basins and plateaus, most of which are 1,000 - 2,000 meters high.--the Inner Mongolia Plateau; the Loess Plateau; the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau; the Tarim Basin; the Junggar Basin; the Sichuan Basin. Enjoy the following pictures.The third step: the foothills and lower mountains, with altitudes of over 500 meters.The fourth step: along the sea; a continental shelf.Rivers and LakesMore than 50,000 rivers have drainage areas that exceed 100 square kilometers; more than 1,500 exceed 1,000 square kilometers.Famous riversThe Yangtze, the longest in China and even in Asia, is the third-longest in the world.The Yellow River, 'Mother River of the Chinese People', is just behind the Yangtze, both flowing into the Pacific Ocean.LakesMiddle-Lower Yangtze Plain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ——most Lakes here ---In southeast China, most lakes are fresh water. Poyang Lake,Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake are all fresh water lakes.---Qinghai Lake, the largest ,a beautiful natural salt-water lake.Nam Co Lake, saltwater lakeMan-made Canals: the Grand Canal between Beijing and Hangzhou.ClimateTemperature (from south to north):Equatorial-- tropical--subtropical--warm-temperate--temperate--cold-temperate zones. Precipitation: gradully declines from the southestern to the northestern inland area.An Outline HistoryChinese people: the descendants of Yan and Huang.Three Sovereigns:Fuxi (伏羲)Nüwa (女娲)Shennong (神农)Yao: Lunar calendarShun: a man with great virtuesYu the Great: conquering the floods; founder ofXia DynastyQin Shi Huang: the first emperor of ChinaAdministrative DivisionsA three-tier system: provinces, counties, townships. 23 provinces; 5 autonomous regions;4 municipalities directly under the control of the Central Government;2 special administrative regions (SARs）PopulationHuge; in the world;Unevenly distributed; populations density;The policy of “ family planning” or “one child policy”Birth rate; mortality rateEthnic Groups56 ethnic groups: Han nationality and other55 minority ethnic groups;Political SystemFundamental law: The Constitution of the People’s Republic of ChinaHighest organ of state power: the NPC (National People’s Congress); NPC and its Standing Committee have the rights of legislation, decision, supervision, election and removalParties: Communist party; eight democratic parties.Executive body: the State CouncilChinese Philosophya collective designation for various schools of thoughts, among which the Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the most influential in Chinese culture.One of the three philosophy systems in the world. (the other two: Western and Indian philosophy) Origin: Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. Yi Jing ("the Book of Changes)prosperity: the Spring and Autumn Period; the Warring States Period. "A hundred schools of thought contend" (百家争鸣）The Development of Ancient Chinese PhilosophyThe Philosophy in Pre-Qin times（先秦子学）The orthodox Philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学）Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin Dynasties (魏晋玄学）The Buddhist Philosophy during the Sui and Tang Dynasties (隋唐佛学）Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties (宋明理学）Application Philosophy in the Ming and Qing Dunasties (明清实学）The Philosophy in Pre-Qin timesHundred schools of thoughts (诸子百家）Main representations:Confucianism(儒家); Taoism (道家); Mohism (墨家); Legalism (法家); School of Yin-yang(阴阳家); Logicians（名家); School of Agriculture (农家); School of Diplomacy (纵横家); The Miscellaneous School (杂家); School of "Minor-talks" (小说家); School of the Military (兵家）Most influential: Confucianism(儒家); Taoism (道家); Mohism (墨家); Legalism (法家)Confucianism：Confucius MenciusConfucianism：The Analects (Lun Yu）Some well known Confucian quotes:"To know your faults and be able to change is the greatest virtue." (“知错能改，善莫大焉”）"What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others." （“己所不欲，勿施于人”）"Knowledge is recognizing what you know and what you don't." （“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也”）"Reviewing the day's lessons. Isn't it joyful? Friends come from far. Isn't it delightful? One has never been angry at other's misunderstanding. Isn't he a respectable man?"（“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”）Confucian Thoughts on Heaven and Humanity"Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things. ("天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？“）Confucian "Heaven " also had a certain sacred element, which was related to it being the source of life. Thus Confucius required people to hold Heaven in awe.---天人合一的哲学基础。