2019-世纪商务英语阅读四版基础篇2Unit3-文档资料
新世纪大学英语综合教程4第四册Unit 3 Knowledge
words to tostaucdqeunitrse
most now? Why?
3. According to your personal experience, which
way do you think is the most efficient to acquire knowledge?
4. In your opinion, is attending class necessary in acquiring knowledge?
reading, learning and writing.
The author suggests that an
understanding of the limitation of
3
10~11 one’s knowledge will encourage one to pursue and challenge truth
that qualifies him to write. (F )
Finally, the author came to realize that it is his writing that gives him the skill to acquire knowledge.
8. “Essay” is a word from Latin, meaning “to try”. (F )
10. Maybe we can never really grasp truth although it is out there. ( T)
Directions: Scan the text for the proper words to fill in the blanks.
1. Writing doesn’t close things off , it opens things up . 2. In your own personal quests for knowledge, you must
新世纪商务英语综合教程2 Unit3
Activation
What do you expect to achieve from university study?
degree, certificate knowledge
job opportunity
friends
social status
find truth
Warm-up
Background
Warm-up
Background
Detailed Reading
TEXT I
Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. It works by eliciting the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes. Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations.
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff配额和关税Zero-sum game零和博弈Positive-sum game常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期Economies of scale 规模经济First mover advantage先占优势Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①Types of countertradeCountertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback②The pros and cons of countertrade优：① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.缺：① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.Unit 3Strategic alliance 战略联盟Licensing 许可证Joint venture 合资经营Contracting 承包经营Partnership 合资人Return on investment 投资回报率Franchising 特许经营Contract manufacturing 生产承包Management contracting 管理承包1.许可贸易的优缺点优：①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is theease and low cost of entering a foreign market.②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreignmarket without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.缺：①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitoris set up.②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.③There may be incomplete market exploration.Unit 4Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资Product life cycle 产品生命周期Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资Transportation costs 运输成本Market impediments 市场阻碍Market power 市场力量Oligopoly 寡头垄断Specialized assets 特殊资产1.影响横向对外投资的因素①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections④Following competitors ④The product life cycle2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.Unit 5Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制Plaza Accord 和平广场协议Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议Foreign exchange market 外汇市场European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMSExchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERMEuropean Currency Unit欧元 ECUTrade deficit贸易赤字Real interest 实际利息Balance of payment 收支平衡表Forward market 期货市场Swaps 掉期交易1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.The reasons for 1985 and 1987：The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.Unit 6Common law 普通法Code civil law 成文法Roman law 罗马法Industrial property right 工业产权Act of god 不可抗力Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素Arbitration 仲裁Conciliation 调节Litigation 诉讼World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约International Chamber of commerce 国际商会1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.Unit 7Intellectual property rights 知识产权Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权，版权，专利权，商业秘密Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产，有形资产Trademark registration 商标注册Generic terms 通称Infringement 侵权GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade1. What does intellectual property right consist of?①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual propertyUnit 8The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准The adoption process 接纳过程理论High-context cultures 高背景文化Low-context cultures 低背景文化Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观Perception 观念1. What are the characteristics of culture?①It is not innate, but learned②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place andeverything else is affected.③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries betweendifferent groups.2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product?Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation.These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation④trial ⑤adoption4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sourcesbecause they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.Unit 9Organizational behavior组织行为学Multinational Corporation 跨国公司Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂Parochialism 地方主义NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade AgreementKluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation③nature of people ④Activity orientation⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.①Individualism versus collectivism②power distance③uncertainty avoidance④masculinity versus femininity。
世纪商务英语阅读第四版(基础篇2)Unit 4
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Reading Skill Focus
Scanning is used to obtain specific information from a piece of text. For example, use scanning to find a particular number in a telephone directory. Sometimes you can use both reading methods. After you have skimmed a piece of text to decide whether the text is of interest, you may wish to use scanning techniques to locate specific information.
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Reading Skill Focus
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(
B
)
A. Scientists are worried about New York City. B. Logging is destroying the rainforests. C. Governments make money from logging. D. Salmon are an endangered species. 2. How many species of salmon have become ( extinct in BC? D ) A. 27 B. 31 C. 137 D. 142
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Reading Skill Focus
世纪商务英语阅读教程2-(基础篇)unit-2PPT课件
3
Reading Skill Focus
Reading Long Sentences
Long sentences are usually complicated and difficult to understand. They often consist of one or several of the following sentence elements:
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第五版 （基础篇II）
总主编：刘杰英 主 编：余金好 王洗薇 王显辉 审 校：Chuck Thode
1
Unit 2 Career Management
The career management process begins with setting goals or objectives. To be specific about your goals, you need to be fully aware of your talents and abilities and have adequate knowledge of career opportunities. Career management is a continuing process that is a necessity for adapting to the changing demands of the business world. The outcome of successful career management should include personal fulfillment, work/life balance, goal achievement and financial security.
世纪商务英语阅读教程(专业篇II)
especially , current assets.
Financial Management
The Financing Decision
Insurance
Insurance Performance
Receive premiums as revenues from policyholders. Generate profits by investing. Make payments as compensation to policyholders.
Financial Management
The Dividend Decision
◇ The dividend decision is the third important decision.
◇ The dividend decision includes the percentage of earnings for cash dividends.
★ People buy old age insurance to support themselves after they retire.
Insurance
Reasons for Insurance
Losses sometimes unavoidably occur in one’s life because of various reasons.
in a car accident.
Insurance
The Importance of Insurance
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
Unit 1~2Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff 配额和关税Government intervention 政府干预Zero-sum game 零和博弈Positive-sum game 常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论）Economies of scale 规模经济Diminishing returns 收益递减规律Green revolution 绿色革命Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制Deposit 佣金First mover advantage 先占优势Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit 信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票）Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口）Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差）It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损）Absolute Advantage 绝对优势Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free TradeThe Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。
世纪商务英语综合教程专业篇II Unit3
Unit 3
Company Development
CONTENTS
Lead-in Text A
Text B
Translation Skills Knowledge Links
Real Life Practice
Practical Writing Time for Fun
Unit 3
Company Development
Unit 3
Company Development
Text A
He wondered whether he could bring the Western approach to branding to China, and offer professional-looking signs to Chinese businesses. He investigated further, and discovered
Unit 3
Company Development
Text A
Starting out Wang Zhongjun began his career in art and graphic design, and he spent several years
living and working in the US.
Unit 3
Company Development
Lead-in
2. Spot Dictation Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing information.
largest chain of hamburger fast food The McDonald’s Corporation is the world’s ___________ restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in barbecue restaurant operated by the United States, the company began in 1940 as a _________________
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Reading Skill Focus
该句首先说“在西方，我们经常通过幽默来 迅速建立良好的关系”，接下来是一个转折， 因此可以推断，后半句的意思应该否定前半句 的说法。因此B 选项是正确的，意思是“全世 界范围来看,这并不是在所有场合下都适合的”。
Logical Connectors Examples
Transition（转折）
Cause and Effect （因 果）
but, however, unfortunately, although, on the contrary, on the other hand
because, since, as a result (of), consequently, thus, therefore
本文第一段谈到了社会文化差异可以用两个术 语“高语境”和“低语境”来表述。第二段解释了 什么是“高语境”。因此，从文章结构来看，下一 段应该介绍什么是“低语境”，所以正确答案为C
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Reading Skill Focus
Challenge 1
B. Challenge Yourself
CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH 世纪商务英语
阅读教程（基础篇2）（第四版）
主编：王洗薇
大连理工大学出版社
dutpgz
Unit Three Attitude Towards Work
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dutpgz
Attitude Towards Work
Working attitude is one of those topics that are easy to talk about, tough to do but simple in nature. Confused yet? That’s, the concept is simple but doing is hard. Yet, those who have made the resolution to start working on improving their attitude often meet with success.
Predicting What Comes Next
Making predictions while you are reading is a useful technique that helps you understand a passage better. In a passage, you can often predict what comes next from a sentence, the content of a paragraph, or the structure of a paragraph. You can base your prediction on the grammatical structure of a sentence, linking words, or on the logical development of the content.
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Reading Skill Focus
Sample 2
Read the passage below and decide what the next paragraph is likely to talk about.
The general terms“high context”and“low context”(popularized by Edward Hall) are used to describe broad-brush cultural differences between societies.
to attract customers to their product. The best
products to sell using humor tend to be those that
consumers have to think the least about. Products
that are relatively inexpensive, and often consumable,
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Reading Skill Focus
Challenge 2
Read the passage below about the American way of raising children and choose the best sentence to fill each gap.
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Attitude Towards Work
Reading Skill Focus Comprehensive Reading
Practical Reading Words and Expressions
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Reading Skill Focus
B. B. Candy, food, alcohol, tobacco and toys/entertainment related products have proven to benefit the most from humor in their campaigns.
C. Humor in advertising tends to improve brand recognition, but does not improve product recall, message credibility, or buying intentions.
Reading Skill Focus
A．Guided Practice
Sample 1 Read the sentence below about the use of humor
and decide which sentence is most likely to follow.
can be represented without providing a lot of facts,
and that’s where there’s room for humor.
A
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Reading Skill Focus
A. People will pay more attention to a humorous commercial than a factual or serious one, opening themselves up to be influenced.
The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don’t come with an instruction manual. And each child is different. So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration, not knowing what to do. But in raising children—as in all of life— what we do is influenced by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic raph below about humor in advertising
and decide which sentence is most likely to follow.
Many of the most memorable ad campaigns
around tend to be funny. Advertisers use this strategy
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Reading Skill Focus
（1） C From infancy, each child may get his or her own room. As children grow,they gain more freedom to make their own choices. Teenagers choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to share them with.
Supplement （递进）
Contrast （对比） Examplification （举 例） 大连理工大学出版社
furthermore, not only... but also..., moreover, in addition
while, whereas, in contrast for example, for instance, such as
In the West, we often try to build immediate rapport through humor, but of course,________.
A. some claim that humor cannot or should not be explained B. this is not universally seen to be appropriate in all contexts C. humor frequently contains an unexpected, often sudden, shift in
High context refers to societies or groups where people have close connections over a long period of time. Many aspects of cultural behavior are not made explicit because most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other. Your family is probably an example of a high context environment.