英语专业八级人文知识GeneralKnowledg
专八GeneralKnowledge知识点(4)
专八GeneralKnowledge知识点(4)38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（强制）. 联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society. 种族隔离, 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 种族隔离制, 南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视.41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 种族或宗教融合, 在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”; it means nowhere land in Greek.44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里mat中的 m和 bat中的 b46. polysemy: 一词多义47. patron saint：保护圣徒, 守护神48. Parentese: 父母语49. back formation: 逆构词脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter → typewrite50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之 s在 cats中，z在dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，还有 en在 oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.【。
专八人文知识 (2)
2014年专八人文知识真题：
5. "Grace under pressure" is an outstanding virtue of ________ heros? A. Scott Fitagerald's B. Ernest Hemingway's C. William Faulkner's D. Eugene O' Neill's
2015年专八人文知识真题：
A is best known for the technique of 35. ____ dramatic monologue in his poems. A. Robert Browning B. W. B. Yeats C. William Blake D. William Wordsworth
美国文学分为四个时期: 1. The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命前后的文学时期 2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义时期 3. American Realism 美国现实主义文学时期 4. American Modernism 美国现代主义文学时期
语言学上几个重要的对比：
1. Prescriptive & Descriptive
2. Competence & Performance 3. Langue & Parole
4. Synchronic & Diachronic
Speech Act Theory 言语行为理论
locutionary act 言语行为 illocutionary act 施事行为 Speaking sth. is doing sth. perlocutionary act 取效行为
英语专业八级人文知识
第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌)：The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag（国旗）: 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原)：落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。
The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉)：“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁，大陆分水岭。
The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区)：洛基山脉等。
The Mississippi River (密西西比河)：美国最长、最重要的河流。
世界上第三长的大陆河流（第一长：非洲尼罗河；第二长：南美洲的亚马逊河。
）Missouri river是其最长的分支。
其被称作：“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖：从西到东：都位于美国东北部。
其是世界上最大的淡水湖群，有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。
Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖，为世界最大淡水湖)，Lake Michigan(密执安胡，五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内)，Lake Huron(休伦湖)，Lake Erie (伊利湖)，Lake Ontario（安大略湖）The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)：在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。
Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市：地区概述：“美国”的表达有五种：The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区（哥伦比亚特区，即首都华盛顿所在地）本土有48个州，另外的两个海外州是：阿拉斯加（首府：Juneau朱诺）和夏威夷（Hawaii，主产：甘蔗和菠萝，最重要产业：旅游业，首府：Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。
专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷32(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷32(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which mountain boasts the highest point in Canada?A．Mount Columbia(Alberta)B．Unnamed Peak(Northwest Territories)C．Mount Logan(Yukon)D．Summit Devon Ice Cap(Nunavut)正确答案：C解析：加拿大国内最高点是位于育空特别行政区(Yukon)境内的洛根山。
知识模块：人文知识2．Throughout the 1600s, ______founded permanent settlements in Canada.A．England and SpainB．Spain and ItalyC．Italy and FranceD．France and England正确答案：D解析：法国和英国殖民者于17世纪在加拿大建立了永久性的居住地。
知识模块：人文知识3．Australia was first colonized on January 26, ______, which is now known as Australia Day.A．1770B．1787C．1788D．1861正确答案：C解析：1788年1月26日英国殖民者菲利普首先在澳大利亚建立了永久居住地，这一天成为澳大利亚国庆日。
知识模块：人文知识4．The official language(s)of New Zealand is(are)______.A．EnglishB．FrenchC．MaoriD．English and Maori正确答案：D解析：新西兰的官方语言是英语和毛利语。
General Knowledge(专八)
1.In 1492, Columbus discovered the New World.2.The world-famous Harvard University is established in Massachusetts in 1636.3.Current population in the UK is not the decedents of the Romans.4.The capital city of Canada is Ottawa.5.Morpheme is the minimal formal element of meaning in language.6.The study of the formation and composition of words is morphology.7.The study of language structure is grammar.mon Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine.It was first published anonymously on January 10,1776,during the American Revolution.9.Beowulf is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.10.The author of The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer.11.North America borders both the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean.12.Stonehenge is a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom.13.The Anglo Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century.14.According to the Official Language of Art of Canada, there are two official languages in this country,they are English and French.15.An important topical division of linguistics is between the study of language structure and the study of meaning.16.Semantics is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning.17.Pragmatics is the study of meaning, not as generated by the linguistic system but as conveyed and manipulated by participants in a communicative situation.18.Thoreau and Emerson are two famous representatives of Transcendentalism.19.“To be, or not to be---that is a question; whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer...”Who said these words? Hamlet.20.Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained were written by John Milton.21.On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in New York which housed the government then.22.Franklin D.Roosevelt was the American President during World War Ⅱ23.Between 1337 and 1453,the Hundred Years’ War took place in Britain between Briton and Frenchman.24.The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan, which is in southwest Yukon Territory, Canada.25.Sociolinguistics is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.26.Which one of the following sub-fields of linguistics is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production? Psycholinguistics.27.Which of the following sub-fields of linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems?Applied linguistics28.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was the first American to translate Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy and was one of the five Fireside Poets.29.The largest and most important poetic form of the Restoration Literature is satire.30.Rape of the Lock was written by Alexander pope.。
专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷101(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷101(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humanA．contact.B．communication.C．relation.D．community.正确答案：B解析：语言是人类在交际中使用的一套任意的声音符号系统。
知识模块：人文知识2．General linguistics is the scientific study ofA．language of a certain individual.B．human languages in general.C．the system of a particular language.D．the English language.正确答案：B解析：普通语言学研究整个人类语言，而非单独研究某种特定语言。
知识模块：人文知识3．Which branch of study is not included in the scope of Linguistics?A．Syntax.B．Anthropology.C．Pragmatics.D．Phonetics.正确答案：B解析：只有B“人类学”不属于语言学的一个分支。
知识模块：人文知识4．The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication isA．morphology.B．general linguistics.C．phonology.D．semantics.正确答案：C解析：本题问关于用以在交流中传递信息的语音如何被组织在一起的学科是什么．选C“音系学”。
专八GeneralKnowledge知识点（3）
25. Vanity Fair 名利场 was written by William Makepeace Thackeray.26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯27. The title of the national anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可⾃⼰多找⼏个国家。
28. Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29. Etymology: the history of a word. 词源学30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除纽约市、南⽅、新英格兰31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头⼠或甲壳⾍乐队in the 1960s.32. In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society. 有理智和⼈性的马 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34. Morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素, ⼀种含有⼀个单词的有意义的语⾔单位，如 -ed在单词 walked中，不能被划分为更⼩的有意义单位35. The name of the famous stadium露天体育场 in the north of London is Wembley.36. Wimbledon温布尔登[英国英格兰东南部城市](位于伦敦附近, 是的国际球⽐赛地)37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe⾷谱, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤⾯拖⽜⾁，，⾯拖烤⾹肠。
专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷60(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷60(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ______ might arise.A．impolitenessB．contradictionsC．mutual understandingD．conversational implicatures正确答案：D解析：人们并不总是严格遵守合作原则的准则，且有时故意违反它们，正是对这些准则的公然违反才产生了会话含义(Conversational Implicature)，即言听双方通过有意识地违反这些准则，使话语变得间接或委婉，或表达更为隐晦的含义。
知识模块：语言学2．______ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A．A locutionary actB．An illocutionary actC．A perlocutionary actD．A performative act正确答案：C解析：言后行为是由言说某话语而引起的后果或变化，是话语在听者身上产生的效果，故选C。
言语行为理论中的Performative指“施为句”，但没有D “performativeact”的概念。
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6. Arts ①Museum and Art Gallery
British Museum ②Drama ③Opera ④Arts Festival
American Culture
I. Geographical & National Culture 1. Position
Canada
Pacific Ocean
4. The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament
① The Magna Carta/Charta (1215.6.19)《大宪章》 ② The Beginning of Parliament (1265)
5. The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France (英法百年战争）from 1337-1453.
2. Britain=England+Scotland+Wales+Northern Ireland
3. Capital: London
II. Historical Culture
1. The Romans went across the Channel and invaded Britain and it was ruled by the Romans from 55 BC410AD.
2. The Native Celts and the Anglo-Saxon Conquest from 446-871.
3. The Norman Conquest --- 1066.(William the Conqueror)
① The Normans ruled over Britain: 1066-1381
7. The Industrial Revolution: 1780-1830
8. The Chartist Movement: 1836-1848
III. Economic Culture
1. The Development of British Economy after World War II. ① The stable economic development: 1950s-1960s ② The economic depression: 1970s ③ The economic recovery: 1980s
The Economist: New Statesman; Spectator ③Broadcasting: BBC ④Television: BBC, ITV ⑤News Agency: Reuter’s News Agency 5. Sports
football; rugby; cricket; tennis; horse racing
V. Social Culture
1. Religion (Britain is a Christian Country)
① 国教（2）： A. The Church of England B. The Church of Scotland
② 非国教教会（free churches) A. The Anglican Church （英国圣公会） B. The Free Church （自由教会） C. The Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教会）
IV. Political Culture
1. The Monarchy （君主政体/君主立宪制） 2. The Parliament（议会）
① the House of Lords （上议院） ② the House of Commons （下议院） 3. Political Parties （政党制度） ① The Conservation Party （保守党） ② The Labour Party （工党）
U.S.
Atlantic Ocean
Mexico Gulf
2. 50 states (Alask and Lakes ① the Mississippi River: Father of Waters in America ② the Great Lakes (5): A. Lake Superior 苏必利尔湖 B. Lake Michigan 密歇根湖 C. Lake Huron 休伦湖 D. Lake Erie 伊利湖 E. Lake Ontario 安大略湖
6. In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster King,Henry VI and the Wars of Roses broke out, which marked the decline of feudalism in England and transition to Monarchy from 1455-1485.
人文知识
General Knowledge
British Culture
I. Geographical Culture
1. Britain; the Great Britain; England; the British Isles;
the United Kingdom; the UK; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
① Primary Education (5-16 compulsory education) ② Secondary Education ③ Higher Education
4. Mass Media ①Newspapers:
The Times; The Guardian; The Daily Telegraph; Sunday Times; The Sun ②Periodicals:
2. Holidays: ① Christian Holidays A. Christmas (12.25) B. Easter (3.21) 复活节 ② Other Holidays A. New Year’s Day B. April Fools’ Day
3. Education Policy