材料科学专业英语 (3)
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案
UNIT 1一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。
历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。
二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。
随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。
这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。
此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。
在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。
因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。
三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。
对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性能的材料，基于预期的性能。
材料学专业英语
材料学专业英语加工方法Manufacturing Method拉力强度Tensile Strength机械性能 Mechanical Properites低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal镀镍 Nickel Plated 镀黄铜 Brass Plated马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching退火 Annealing 淬火 Quenching高温回火High Temperature Tempering应力退火温度 Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material表面处理 Surface Finish硬度 Hardness 电镀方法Plating type 锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment 拉伸应变Stretcher Strains焊接Welding 防止生锈Rust Protection硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test 连续铸造法Continuous casting process珠光体 Pearlite 单相金属Single Phase Metal Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic疲劳测试Impact Test热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion比重Specific gravity化学性能 Chemical Properties物理性能 Physical Properties 再结晶 Recrystallization硬化 Work Hardening包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy 共晶Eutectic临界温度 Critical temperature 自由度Degree of freedom相律Phase Rule金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 固熔体 Solid solution 置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution米勒指数 Mill's Index晶体结构Crystal structure金属与合金Metal and Alloy金属特性Special metallic featuresStrength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability强度Strengthen 无机非金属inorganic nonmetallic materials 燃料电池fuel cell新能源new energy resources材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文。
材料科学与工程专业英语1-18单元课后翻译答案
材料科学与工程专业英语1-18单元课后翻译答案Unit 1Translation.1.“材料科学”涉及到研究材料的结构与性能的关系。
相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构与性质的关系来涉及或操控材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
2.实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学、腐蚀性。
3.除了结构与性质，材料科学与工程还有其他两个重要的组成部分，即加工与性能。
4.工程师或科学家越熟悉材料的各种性质、结构、性能之间的关系以及材料的加工技术，根据以上的原则，他或她就会越自信与熟练地对材料进行更明智的选择。
5.只有在少数情况下，材料才具有最优或最理想的综合性质。
因此，有时候有必要为某一性质而牺牲另一性能。
6.Interdisciplinary dielectric constant Solid materials heat capacity Mechanical property electromagnetic radiation Material processing elastic modulus7.It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand therelationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties.8. Materials engineering is to solve the problem during the manufacturing andapplication of materials.9.10.Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or force.Unit 21. 金属是电和热很好的导体，在可见光下不透明；擦亮的金属表面有金属光泽。
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版-翻译以及答案.
UNIT 1一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能进进的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation和食品生产,事实上(virtually,我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。
历史上,社会的发展和迚步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料杢实现他们的需求密切(intimately相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力杢命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代。
二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay、兽皮等等。
随着时间的发展,通过使用技术杢生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。
这些性材料包拪了陶瓷(pottery以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。
此时,材料的应用(utilization完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点杢选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。
在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起杢。
因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出杢,包拪了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。
三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料幵且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。
对一种材料性质的理解的迚步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适幵且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting材料四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline是非常有用的,严栺的杢说,材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系,与此相反,材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系,杢设计和生产具有预定性能的材料,基于预期的性能。
材料科学专业英语英语作文
材料科学专业英语英语作文英文回答：Materials science is a rapidly evolving field that deals with the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials with tailored properties. It combines elements from chemistry, physics, and engineering to design and develop new materials for various applications in various industries, ranging from aerospace to electronics to healthcare.The field of materials science encompasses a wide range of subfields, including:Materials Synthesis: Involves developing new methods for synthesizing materials with specific properties and structures. This can include techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and sol-gel processing.Materials Characterization: Involves using advanced techniques to characterize the structure, composition, and properties of materials. This can include techniques suchas X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.Materials Modeling: Involves using computational techniques to simulate and predict the behavior of materials. This can include simulating the atomic-level structure of materials, predicting their mechanical properties, and understanding their electronic properties.Materials Applications: Involves designing and developing new materials for specific applications. Thiscan include developing new materials for aerospace, electronics, energy storage, and healthcare.Materials science plays a crucial role in the development of new technologies and products, such as:Electronic devices: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for electronic devices, such as semiconductors, insulators, and conductors. These materialsenable the development of faster, smaller, and more efficient electronic devices.Aerospace materials: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for aerospace applications, such as lightweight, strong, and heat-resistant alloys. These materials enable the development of more efficient and safer aircraft and spacecraft.Energy storage materials: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for energy storage, such as batteries and capacitors. These materials enable the development of more efficient and sustainable energy storage systems.Healthcare materials: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for healthcare applications, such as biomaterials and drug delivery systems. These materials enable the development of new treatments and therapies for various diseases.The field of materials science is expected to continueto grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the demandfor new materials for various applications. This growthwill be fueled by advances in computational techniques, characterization techniques, and materials synthesis methods.中文回答：材料科学是一个快速发展的领域，它涉及到合成、表征和应用具有定制性能的材料。
材料科学专业英语词汇(
材料科学专业英语词汇(x rays x光__ray aligner x线对准曝光器__ray amorphicity __光非结晶__ray crystallinity __光结晶度__ray diffraction __光绕射__ray diffraction camera __光绕射照相机__ray diffraction method x[射]线绕射法__ray diffraction patterns x光绕射图案__ray diffraction, low-angle 低角__光绕射__ray diffractometry x光绕射法__ray fluorescence analysis x[射]线烛光分析__ray fluorescence spectroscopy x光萤光光学谱__ray fluorescene coating thichness gauge 萤光x射线镀测厚仪__ray full wafer aligner x线整片晶圆对准曝光器__ray inspection equipment x光检验装置__ray photoelectron spectroscopy x光光电子光谱学__ray photometer x[射]线光度计__ray scattering x光散射__ray spectrograph x[射]线摄谱仪__ray spectrography x[射]线摄谱术__ray spectrometer x[射]线谱计__ray topography x线形貌学__window x视窗__y axis positioning accuracy __y轴定位精确度__y stage/__y table 纵横移动载物台/纵横移动载物盘xanon-arc radiation 氙弧幅射xanthated cellulose crumb 黄酸纤维素屑团xanthation 黄酸化xanthine oxidase 黄质氧化梅xenocryst 捕虏结晶xenolite 重矽线石xenolith 捕虏岩xenon lamp 氙灯xerography 乾式影印（全录影印）xy coordinator xy座标仪xylans 木聚醣xylem 木质部xylenals 二甲苯酚xylene 二甲苯xylylene 对苯二甲素体yag laser yag雷射yarn count 纱数yarn size 纱上胶yarns (see also fibers)纱yarns, textured 缔卷纱yc separate 亮度色纯度分离处理yellow azo pigments 黄偶氮颜料yellow b-aminoanthraquinone condensation pigment 贝他胺基葱昆缩合黄颜料yellow iron oxides 黄氧化铁yield 收获量yield point 降服点yield region 降服区yield strength 降服劲yield stress 降服应力young“s equation 杨氏等式young"s modulus 杨氏模数z axis positioning accuracy z轴定位精确度z stage z轴向载物台z-average molecular weight z平均分子量z-θ stage z-θ方向载物台zaffre 钴蓝zeat potential z-电位zeeman splitting 季曼分裂zein 玉米蛋白zein fibers 玉米蛋白纤维zeolite 沸石zero strengeth temperature 零劲温度ziegler"s polyethylene 齐氏聚乙烯ziegler"s process 齐氏方法ziegler-natta catalysts 齐纳触媒zigzag 曲折zimm plot 秦氏图zimm theory of flow birefringence 秦氏流动双折射理论zimm eter 秦氏黏度计zinc 锌zinc acetate 醋酸锌zinc alkoxide 醇锌zinc benzothiazyl sulfide 硫化苯塞锌zinc borate 硼酸锌zinc catalysts 锌触媒zinc chloride 氯化锌zinc chromates 铬酸锌zinc pounds 锌化物zinc dialkyldithiocarba mates 双羟基硫代胺基甲酸锌zinc dimethyl-dithiocarbamate 双甲基硫代胺基甲酸锌zinc dust paint 锌粉油漆zinc fluoroborate 氟硼酸锌zinc hydrosulfite 亚硫酸锌zinc naphthenate 环烷酸锌zinc oxide 氧化锌zinc phosphate 磷酸锌zinc soaps 锌皂zinc stearate 硬脂酸锌zinc yellow 锌黄zinc-rich primers 富锌底漆zincsulfate 硫酸锌zine sulfide 硫化锌zine xanthate starch 黄酸锌淀粉zip length 节长zircon 告英石zircon porcelain 告瓷zirconia fibers 锆氧纤维zirconium 锆zirconium sceps 锆皂zirconocene polyme 锆撑双五环聚体zirconosiloxanes 锆矽氧烷。
材料科学基础专业英语
晶界迁移 grain boundary migration
错配度 mismatch
驰豫 relaxation
重构 reconstruction
表面吸附 surface adsorption
表面能 surface energy
极性分子 Polar molecule
量子数 quantum number
价电子 valence electron
范德华键 van der waals bond
电子轨道 electron orbitals
点群 point group
对称要素 symmetry elements
面缺陷 interface defect
体缺陷 volume defect
位错排列 dislocation arrangement
位错线 dislocation line
刃位错 edge dislocation
螺位错 screw dislocation
混合位错 mixed dislocation
界面能 interfacial free energy
应变能 strain energy
晶体学取向关系 crystallographic orientation
惯习面 habit plane
第六章相图
相图 phase diagrams
相 phase
组分、组元component
投影图 Projection drawing
浓度三角形 Concentration triangle
冷却曲线 Cooling curve
材料科学与工程-专业英语-Unit--Classification-of-Materials译文
材料科学与工程-专业英语-Unit--Classification-of-Ma terials译文————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Classification of Materials（材料分类）Solid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics, and polymers. This scheme is based primarily on chemical makeup and atomic structure, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates. In addition, there are three other groups of important engineering materials—composites, semiconductors, and biomaterials.译文：固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。
这个分类是首先基于化学组成和原子结构来分的，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，尽管有许多中间品。
除此之外，有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。
Composites consist of combinations of two or more different materials, whereas semiconductors are utilized because of their unusual electrical characteristics; biomaterials are implanted into the human body. A brief explanation of the material types and representative characteristics is offered next.译文：复合材料由两种或者两种以上不同的材料组成，然而半导体由于它们非同寻常的电学性质而得到使用；生物材料被移植进入人类的身体中。
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Importance of Lattice Defects for Properties of Materials
Show some examples: -………
Learning Objectives
1. Deห้องสมุดไป่ตู้cribe both vacancy and self-interstitial crystalline defects. 2. Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies in a material at
-Essentially important for catalysts applications
Schematic representations of surface defects that are potential adsorption sites for catalysis.
High-resolution transmission electron micrograph that shows single crystals of (Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2; this material is used in catalytic converters for automobiles.
Interfacial defects -Grain boundaries
The boundary separating two small grains or crystals having different crystallographic orientations in polycrystalline materials.
Edge dislocation
Screw dislocation
Schematic representation of a dislocation that has edge, screw, and mixed character.
Top view, where open circles denote atom positions above the slip plane. Solid circles, atom positions below. At point A, the dislocation is pure screw, while at point B, it is pure edge. For regions in between where there is curvature in the dislocation line, the character is mixed edge and screw.
Point defects
-Vacancies and Self-interstitials
The simplest of the point defects is a vacancy, or vacant lattice site, one normally occupied from which an atom is missing. Vacancies are a type of equilibrium lattice defects. The necessity of the existence of vacancies is explained using principles of thermodynamics; in essence, the presence of vacancies increases the entropy (i.e., the randomness) of the crystal.
Dislocations in cold-rolled palladium observed by TEM. Y.Z. Chen et al., Scripta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 68: 743-746
Interfacial defects
Interfacial defects are boundaries that have two dimensions and normally separate regions of the materials that have different crystal structures and/or crystallographic orientations.
The atoms are bonded less regularly along a grain boundary (e.g., bond angles are longer), and consequently, there is an interfacial or grain boundary energy similar to the surface energy.
(a) describe and make a drawing of the dislocation. (b) note the location of the dislocation line, and (c) indicate the direction along which the dislocation line extends.
external surfaces grain boundaries twin boundaries stacking faults phase boundaries
Interfacial defects -External surface
Surface atoms are not bonded to the maximum number of nearest neighbors. Energy higher than the atoms at interior positions. Tends to reduce the total surface area to reduce the energy.
In a solid solution, the impurity atoms are randomly and uniformly dispersed within the solid.
Q: Under what conditions a solid solution/a new second phase forms?
There are two types of solid solution, i.e., substitutional and interstitial, depending the sites the impurity atoms situated.
Solubility of substitutiional atoms is influenced by atomic size difference, crystal structure, electronegativity, and valences.
Linear defects -Dislocations
A dislocation is a linear or one-dimensional defect around which some of the atoms are misaligned.
extra half-plane of atoms
Point defects -Impurities
The addition of impurity atoms to a metal will result in the formation of a solid solution and/or a new second phase, depending on the kinds of impurity, their concentrations, and the temperature of the alloy.
A self-interstitial is an atom from the crystal that is crowded into an interstitial site.
In metals, a self-interstitial introduces relatively large distortions in the surrounding lattice because the atom is substantially larger than the interstitial position in which it is situated. Consequently, the formation of this defect is not highly probable, and it exists in very small concentrations, which are significantly lower than for vacancies.
For metallic materials that have relatively high atomic packing factors, these interstitial positions are relatively small. Therefore, the interstitial solute atoms must be substantially smaller than the host atoms.
Lattice Defects/Imperfections in Crystalline Materials
A scanning probe micrograph (generated using a scanningtunneling microscope) that shows a (111)-type surface plane for silicon. The arrow points to the location of a silicon atom that was removed using a tungsten nanotip probe. This site from which an atom is missing is the surface analogue of a vacancy defect— that is, a vacant lattice site within the bulk material. Approximately 20,000,000X.