语法新题型和词汇

Introduction○ 常用前缀○ 常用后缀Presentation（1）-(A)Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food (25) ____ ____ it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any (26)______ (good) for the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you (27)______ not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute (28)_______ chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.Many of the ideas which scientists tell us (29)______ (have) no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was (30)_______ the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle (凝结) and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles (31)______; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when (32)______(eat) at the same meal form a poisonous combination.(B)It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that (33) ____ ____ a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’s brain. But recently Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, (34)_______(challenge) this common sense. She has found a way to ―cure‖ mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the (35)_______(shock) fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, (36)_______ pregnant women – it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.However, the parasi te’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat’s urine (尿) before and (37)______ it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine (38)_______ mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.But that’s not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally (39)_______ (think) – even after researchers cured the mice of the infection, they no longer reacted with fear to a cat’s smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice’s brains.Why does a parasite change a mouse’s brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans? The answer lies in evolution. Toxoplasma gondii can only reproduce inside a cat. So the parasite had to develop a way of tricking the mice into getting eaten more easily – thus (40)_______ (help) itself go inside a cat –by taking away mice’s sense of alarm.Focused PracticeSection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Many kinds of music can stir the imagination and produce strong feeling. For some people, romantic composers such as Chopin and Tchaikovsky enhance feelings of love and sympathy. Religious and spiritual music 25 help some people feel peace or lessen their pain. But one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing(治愈) the human body –Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Scientists have found Mozart’s music to be remarkable in its ability 26 (calm) its listeners. It can also increase their perceptions, and help them express themselves more clearly.Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart 27 a healing aid. For example, a tiny premature baby 28 (name) Krissy, who weighed just 1.5 pounds at birth, was on total life support. Doctors thought she had little chance of survival. Her mother insisted on playing Mozart for Krissy, and thought 29 saved her daughter’s life. Krissy lived,30 she was very small for her age and slower than the average child. At the age of four, she showed an interest in music and her parents gave her violin lessons. 31 their astonishment, Krissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that were far beyond the ability of an average four-year-old.32 (play) music helped her improve in all areas of her life.(B)Touch is the first tool we turn to when we face pain. We react similarly to 33 injured toe and a broken heart, tenderly 34 (grasp) the affected area. We are all born with the power to heal ourselves and to heal others because healing energy does not come from within but from outside ourselves. The energy is there for anyone to use, and no formal training 35 (require). When you have the intent to heal, and love is your only motive, you become a channel for healing energy. Through the simple touch of hands, you can use that universal healing energy to comfort those who 36 (experience) pain or distress.In performing healing energy work, it is necessary that you let your intuition (直觉) guide you to the affected area. Just imagine a healing light being drawn in through the top of your head and flowing through your hands. The energy will begin to flow once you have made a physical connection, and your touch will help awaken the body’s capacity for self-healing. The affected areas of the body, 37 were previously tense or tight, will relax with enough healing energy. 38 (try) not to feel like you aren’t helping if you don’t feel the flow. The work you are doing is indeed helping.Understanding 39 energy works is less important than consciously making use of it. Performing a loving healing treatment on your loved ones can be a wonderful experience that brings you closer together. And as the healing energy passes through you, it can awaken a feeling within you that helps you 40 (well) understand the interactions between the spiritual, physical and mental selves.Presentation（2）○四十个常用合成词○五十组常用同义词○一百个高分词组Focused PracticeSection B Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (** 友情提示：本题共十个空，请按题号填涂)What are the things that first come to your mind when you think of the UK? Are they nonstop rain, polite manners, boring food and tea drinking?Some of the UK’s (41)_______ stereotypes are true, a new survey has found. For example, British people do have a(an) (42) ______ to drink lots of tea.The research polled 1,402 foreigners living in the UK on their opinions about the British way of life. Unsurprisingly, the majority of them, almost 70 percent, said they enjoyed living in the country –good manners, especially UK people’s extraordi nary ability to queue, are the main reasons for foreigners’ (43)______. More than one-third said they liked British people’s restrained (44)______ to emotion.However, there are aspects of British culture that are (45)______ upon. The heavy alcohol drinking culture (46)______ as the least favorite trait, followed by the British sense of humor and the country’s bad weather.It may not be too hard to understand why heavy drinking and bad weather are (47)______, but what’s wrong with the British sense of humor?British humor is known for being dry and satirical (讽刺的), so it is generally more (48)______. When it comes to making the British laugh, there is nothing more (49)______ than a socially inappropriate joke, noted the BBC. ―Britons are more comfortable with life’s losers,‖ wrote English actor Ricky Gervais in an article published in Time magazine.―The majority of nationalities have stereotypes fitted around them and Britons don’t escape this,‖ said Liam Clifford, the founder of Global Visas, the website that conducted the research. ―People probably come here with a stereotype-based preconception of what to expect. It’s good to see from our survey, though, that, in the majority of cases, this reputation is actually (50)______ upon living here.‖III. Reading Comprehension（47%）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Coffee can be considered one of nature's greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional (51)______ without harmful side effects, (like alcohol or tobacco), and it contains a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is (52)______ their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, (53)______ they believe coffee isn't good foryou at all.Well, here's the truth of the matter. Coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is (54)______. In the short-term, too much coffee will cause insomnia, nausea and hypertension. In the long-term, too much coffee will cause stomach problems, teeth staining, and high cholesterol.As for the benefits, moderate consumption of coffee, (which means 1 to 4 cups a day), supplies your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are (55)______ for eliminating free radicals(自由基). They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does something.A small number of them can help serve as a buffer against negative elements, but if they aren't kept in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants (56)______ that this doesn't happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be (57)______ either. Not only does caffeine make you more (58)______, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling (59)______ or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your perspective. The stack of work that seemed(60)______ before isn't even a problem now.(61)______, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body's functioning. That's why coffee is often (62)______ with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs (63)______ to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They won't be functional at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost while still helping their bodies.In conclusion, don't feel bad when you're brewing your morning cup of coffee. (64)_______ a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage (65)______.51. A. reaction B. clarity C. freedom D. challenge52. A. improving B. damaging C. adjusting D. stimulating53. A. though B. so C. while D. since54. A. purchased B. cherished C. taken D. promoted55. A. suitable B. responsible C. convenient D. famous56. A. ensure B. assume C. threaten D. indicate57. A. ignored B. achieved C. measured D. abandoned58. A. attractive B. attentive C. alert D. approachable59. A. incompetent B. guilty C. depressed D. embarrassed60. A. doubtful B. unknown C. impossible D. improper61. A. By contrast B. In addition C. For example D. In brief62. A. popular B. compared C. familiar D. associated63. A. mean B. tend C. suppose D. expect64. A. Despite B. Without C. Apart from D. Unlike65. A. at will B. at random C. in particular D. in moderationHome AssignmentSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Genes are found in every plant or animal cell. They are the basic units of life that are capable of passing specific 41 from one generation to another. For example, whether you are tall or short depends upon the genes that you 42 from your parents. Cloning plants or animals is a process that 43 the production of a new organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which cells were taken. Although this 44 has aroused great interest around the world over the last ten years or so, cloning is not something new in nature. Most mothers give birth to just one child at a time; however, on rare 45 a mother may give birth to a set of twins. If these two children are identical twins, then they are in fact naturally 46 clones of each other, although not of the parents. The reason for them being clones is that the two children originated from one 47 egg and consequently they are genetically identical. Twins that develop from two 48 eggs are not clones of each other.Cloning also occurs naturally in plants. Strawberry plants reproduce themselves by sending out runners, or modified stems, and these runners take root a short distance from the 49 plant and start to grow, and to produce fruit. In time, this plant sends out runners of its own that also take root. This is known as asexual reproduction; in other words, reproduction that does not involve the fusion(融合) of male and female cells. The newly 50 plants are clones of the original. In addition to strawberry plants, certain types of flowers and grasses reproduce themselves in the same way. Throughout history, people have also facilitated cloning by taking small cuttings from plants and then growing them into new plants. This form of cloning is called vegetative propagation.III. Reading Comprehension（47分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give __51__ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber (水管工) when they are __52__ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate __53__ as ―generally good,‖ ―correct,‖ and ―moral‖ more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are __54__ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become __55__ that selfishness is widespread andreasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.―As a business school professor, these effec ts worry me, as economics, __56__ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a __57__ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.‖ says Frank.If economics can __58__ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business __59__ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of ―social preferences‖ like __60__, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, __61__ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are __62__ about others, not only themselves. __63__, within economics courses, we should do a better job __64__ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values -- including helping others.Not until then may the prophecy (预言) by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen be __65__. Calling economists ―rational fools,‖ he observed: ―The purely economic man is indeed close to being a social fool.‖51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. broken B. predicted C. challenged D. fulfilled。