中国饮食文化与翻译

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中国饮食文化翻译

中国饮食文化翻译

浅谈中国饮食文化翻译摘要:本文以饮食文化翻译的本质为基础,总结在饮食文化翻译中常见的问题,并结合跨文化交际和翻译实践, 从几个不同的角度探讨了饮食文化的翻译方法和技巧, 对翻译教学和研究中国饮食文化的翻译有一定的价值和意义。

关键词:饮食文化翻译一、中国饮食文化与翻译中华民族的饮食文化历来以历史悠久、特征鲜明、百味百格而著称于世,随着中国对外开放与交流的加强,中华民族的饮食文化也逐步走出国门,吸引了越来越多的外国朋友的关注并得到他们的青睐。

饮食文化是民族文化的一种,因而对于饮食文化的翻译应该置于文化交流的背景之下,也就是说,通过翻译,传递出中国饮食文化的内涵以及博大精深,而不应该仅仅是语言的转换。

目前,在翻译界对于文化的研究与实践大多是在宏观的领域内进行,很少有人专门进行某一分支的研讨。

以饮食文化为例,通过翻译可以让更多的外国人了解中国饮食文化,进而深入了解中国的传统文化。

据悉,北京为了迎接2008奥运,针对菜单翻译问题,向社会各界征集对《中文菜单英文译法》的意见,,收录了2700多条菜单及酒水的英文,另外,还专门组织了专家研究讨论有关菜名的翻译,旨在让国外旅客更方便地了解中国饮食文化。

那么,翻译作为跨文化传通,如何才能发挥其本质价值,让世界人民都认识中华饮食文化,是值得探讨的一个重要问题。

二、中国饮食文化翻译中存在的问题(一)语义模糊因为中式菜肴本身蕴含的浓重的文化气息,导致在翻译的过程中译者往往拘泥于字面意思,而没有深入考虑到文化的传达,从而翻译后的菜名意思僵硬,甚至不知所云。

比如“水煮鳝片”翻译成”the water boils the shan slice”,如此按字面来翻译成的英文实在令人啼笑皆非。

还有把”麻婆豆腐”翻译成”满脸雀斑的女人制作的豆腐”,”红烧狮子头”翻译成”烧红了的狮子头”,”四喜丸子”翻译成”四个高兴的肉团”,看了都会叫人跑掉。

因此,对于菜名的翻译,译者切忌没理解清楚其真正的含义而直接用字对字的方法来译。

中国美食英汉翻译 ppt课件(1)

中国美食英汉翻译 ppt课件(1)
第四,注重情趣。我国烹饪很早就注重品味情趣,不仅对饭菜点心 的色、香、味有严格的要求,而且对它们的命名、品味的方式、进餐时 的节奏、娱乐的穿插等都有一定的要求。中国菜肴的名称可以说出神入 化、雅俗共赏。菜肴名称既有根据主、辅、调料及烹调方法的写实命名, 也有根据历史掌故、神话传说、名人食趣、菜肴形象来命名的,如‘全 家福’、‘将军过桥’、‘狮子头’、‘叫化鸡’、‘龙凤呈祥’、 ‘鸿门宴’、‘东坡肉’……
毛血旺
Kung Pao Chicken 宫保鸡丁
Guangdong cuisine 粤菜
Wax Gourd Soup 冬瓜盅
illustrating 龙虎斗
Crispy suckling pig
脆皮乳猪
Jiangsu cuisine 苏菜/淮扬菜
Yangzhou Fried Rice
扬州炒饭
Meatball 狮子头
中国地域辽阔,民族众多,因此各种中 国饮食口味不同,却都味美,令人垂涎。因为 中国地方菜肴各具特色,总体来讲,中国饮食 可以大致分为八大地方菜系,这种分类已被广 为接受。当然,还有其他很多著名的地方菜系, 例如北京菜和上海菜。
中国饮食文化的特点

China is a
civilization is Chinese
Taiwanese taro rice
Eight Regional Cuisines in China
中国八大菜系
鲁菜 Shandong
Cuisine
苏菜 Jiangsu Cuisine
湘菜 Hunan cuisine
川菜 Sichuan Cuisine
Eight Cuisines
徽菜 Anhui Cuisine
粤菜 Cantonese

中国文化习俗段落翻译

中国文化习俗段落翻译

中国文化习俗段落翻译1. 中西方饮食习惯(eating habits)存在极大差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯,在中国,菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。

如果你在中国主人家做客,就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化(culture of cuisine)感到非常自豪,而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客(hospitality)。

而且有时候,中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

2. 在中国,小孩的满月酒(One-Month-Old Feast)和抓周(One-Year-Old Catch)仪式独具特色。

小孩出生满一个月的那天,孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友,邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。

小孩儿慢周岁的那天,有抓周到额仪式。

按照中国的传统,父母及他人不给予任何的引导和暗示,任孩子随意挑选,看他先抓什么后抓什么,并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

参考译文1.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.参考译文2: In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.春节贴年画(pasting New Year Print s)的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(Door Gods)的传统,随着木质雕刻品(board carvings)的出现,年画包含了更广泛地主题,最出名的就是门神,三大神——福神、薪神、和兽神(three Gods of Blessings, Salary and Longevity),寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。

试论中国饮食文化的英语翻译

试论中国饮食文化的英语翻译

84 I FOOD INDUSTRY I理论THEORY试论中国饮食文化的英语翻译文 冯丹丹连云港师范高等专科学校国汉语文化,做好饮食文化英语翻译工作。

对待外来文化,要遵循“以我为主,为我所用”,不能为了迎合外国文化而丢失了自身文化,失去文化自信心。

目前来看,有一些菜名就是被外来文化冲击严重,导致换了翻译名字,失去了中华文化的味道。

比如,豆腐这道菜,一般情况下都是翻译成“tofu ”的,但是随着外来文化的冲击,直接将豆腐翻译成“beancurd ”,从英语的角度理解就是豆子制成的凝乳。

可以看到,这个翻译名字既不雅观,也不符合豆腐的文化内涵,而且还容易产生歧义和误会。

2.中西方饮食文化的差异2.1中国饮食文化的特点中国饮食文化种类丰富,毕竟在中国古代就有着“民以食为天”的俗语。

中国人民特别注重饮食,而且在各省各地都有着特色小吃和著名菜系,常见的有粤菜、川菜等。

这与中国的经济和文化有关,因为中国一直以来都是农业大国,出产的美食特别多,而且还以复杂化、精细化闻名于世。

另外,中国也有着独特的菜肴烹饪方式,保证了菜能够原汁原味,特别讲究“色、香、味”俱全。

所以,在翻译菜名时,也要有一定的工序涉及,特别是在菜品介绍时。

因此,我们在菜品介绍的过程之中,必须结合中国传统的饮食文化来进行相应的分析,只有这样,才可以更好地对传统的菜肴进行相应的点评,不断地在这个过程之中提高人们对于饮食文化的认可程度。

在中国传统的饮食文化当中,对于美食会采用不同的烹饪方随着我国改革开放的进程越来越深入,我国与世界的交流越来越频繁。

现阶段,中外文化交流日益频繁,我国文化也逐渐被更多国家接受和了解,其中最为突出的是我国的饮食文化,很多外国留学生在我国生活和学习后都会对我国美食给予一个好评。

另外,随着旅游文化的发展,我国也迎来了比较多的外国游客。

这当中就离不开饮食话题,如果菜名翻译有误或者有歧义,容易引起纷争,不利于我国形象建设。

基于此,本文详细探析了中国饮食文化的英语翻译。

中国文化习俗——四级新题型翻译

中国文化习俗——四级新题型翻译

筷子是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。

筷子有着悠久的历史,有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。

无论到何时何地,中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。

从此,筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。

如今,筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家的餐桌上,西方还流行起了“为了您的健康,请您拿起筷子来”的时潮。

Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture. Chopsticks have a long history and the records of them can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. Wherever and wherever, it is hard for Chinese people to have meals without chopsticks. In addition, Chopsticks can also be used as special handicrafts and presents for etiquette, gifting, expressing feelings and collection. Today, Chopsticks have appeared on the table of many countries all over the world and there is even a fashion of “please pick up Chopsticks for your fitness” prevalent in the western countries.京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。

英语翻译话题词汇:历史文化类(二)

英语翻译话题词汇:历史文化类(二)

历史文化类(二)1. 中国传统节日中国传统节日traditional Chinese festival ★★★过节celebrate a festival ★★☆放假have a holiday / vacation ★★☆文化积淀cultural accumulation ★★☆文化凝聚cultural cohesion ★★☆记录社会文化生活record the moments of social and cultural life ★★☆节气solar term ★★☆季节变迁seasonal change / transition ★★☆公历历法solar calendar ★★☆地球绕太阳公转的周期period of the Earth’s revolution around the Sun ★☆☆农历历法lunar calendar ★★☆月球绕地球公转的周期period of the Moon’s revolution around the Earth ★☆☆农业生产agricultural product ion ★★☆科学指导scientific guidance / instruction ★★☆日常社会生活everyday social life ★★☆祭祀活动ritual / sacrificial activity ★★☆庆祝活动celebratory activity; celebration ★★☆春节the Spring Festival ★★★元宵节the (Spring) Lantern Festival ★★★清明节the Qingming Festival; Tomb-Sweeping Day ★★★端午节the Dragon Boat Festival ★★★七夕节the Qixi Festival; the Double Seventh Festival; the Chinese Valentine’s Day ★★★ 中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival ★★★重阳节the Double Ninth Festival ★★★农历几月几日fall on the+序数词+day of the+序数词+luna r month ★★★追溯到date back to; be traced back to ★★★有……年历史have a history of XX years ★★★传说……According to legend, … / Legend has it that… ★★★为了庆祝in celebration of ★★★为了纪念in honour / memory of ★★★风俗习惯social customs and habits ★★★中国农历新年Chinese lunar new year ★★★腊月the twelfth month of the lunar year ★★☆正月the first month of the lunar year ★★☆迎接新年的到来welcome the arrival of the new year ★★☆除尘clean the house ★★☆沐浴更衣take a bath and put on clean clothes ★★☆理发have a haircut ★★☆祛除晦气和霉运get rid of one’s bad luck / ill-fortune ★★☆置办年货purchase necessities for the new year ★★☆招待亲朋好友entertain relatives and friends ★★☆烘托节日的气氛add an air of festivity ★★☆大年三十Chinese New Year’s Eve ★★★贴春联paste Spring Festival couplets ★★☆贴“福”字paste the Chinese character “Fu” ★★☆贴窗花paste window paper-cuts ★★☆吃团圆年夜饭have New Year Eve reunion dinner ★★☆看春晚watch the Spring Festival Gala ★★☆燃放烟花爆竹set off fireworks and firecrackers ★★☆辞旧迎新ring out the Old Year; ring in the New Ye ar ★★☆正月初一the first day of the lunar new year ★★★穿上新衣新鞋put on new clothes and shoes ★★☆祈求新的开始pray for a new beginning in life ★★☆新年贺礼New Year gifts / presents ★★☆走亲访友visit / call on relatives and friends ★★☆给……拜年give sb. New Year greetings ★★☆红包red packet / envelope ★★★压岁钱money given to children as a New Year gift ★★☆好运good luck / fortune ★★★长寿longevity ★★★ 幸福happiness ★★★喜庆场合festive occasion ★★☆灯会lantern show / exhibition ★★☆赏花灯appreciate colourful lanterns ★★☆猜灯谜guess lantern riddles ★★☆观看舞龙舞狮表演watch the dragon-lion dance performances ★★☆悠久历史文化time-honoured history and culture ★★★精神文化遗产spiritual and cultural heritage ★★☆全球化飞速发展的今天in this rapidly globalizing world ★★☆西方文化思想Western cultures and thoughts ★★☆过洋节celebrate the Western festivals ★★☆传统节日的传承inheritance of traditional festivals ★★☆弘扬中国传统文化carry forward traditional Chinese culture ★★☆传承中华传统美德inherit the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation ★★☆ 增强民族凝聚力e nhance / strengthen national cohesion ★★☆2. 中国饮食文化饮食文化food culture ★★★春卷Chinese spring roll ★☆☆汤圆tangyuan (sweet rice dumpling) ★☆☆青团qingtuan (sweet green rice ball) ★☆☆粽子zongzi (Chinese rice-pudding) ★★★月饼mooncake ★★★重阳糕Double-Ninth cake ★☆☆饮食习惯eating / dietary habits ★★★主食staple food ★★☆大米/水稻rice ★★★馒头steamed bun ★★★面条noodles ★★★农作物crop ★★★小麦wheat ★★★副食non-staple / subsidiary food ★★☆鸡肉chicken ★★★鸭肉duck ★★★鱼肉fish ★★★水果fruit ★★★蔬菜vegetable ★★★维持均衡的膳食maintain a well-balanced diet ★★☆摄取所需的营养obtain adequate nourishment ★★☆确保健康secure physical health ★★☆避免疾病avoid / prevent diseases ★★☆传统待客之道traditional hospitality ★★★菜品种类丰富a rich / wide variety of dishes ★★☆宴席feast / banquet ★★★凉菜cold dish ★★★开胃菜appetizer ★★☆味蕾taste bud ★★☆主菜main course ★★★热菜hot dish ★★★肉类meat ★★★家禽poultry ★★★海鲜seafood ★★★时蔬seasonal vegetable ★★★甜点dessert ★★★清淡食物light food ★★☆解油腻get rid of the greasy feeling after eating fatty / oily food ★☆☆ 助消化help / facilitate digestion ★★☆食材ingredient ★★☆烹饪风格cooking style ★★★菜系cuisine ★★★家乡菜hometown dish ★★☆八大菜系China’s 8 major regional cuisines ★★☆川菜Sichuan cuisine ★★☆鲁菜Sh andong cuisine ★★☆粤菜Cantonese cuisine ★★☆苏菜Jiangsu cuisine ★★☆浙菜Zhejiang cuisine ★★☆闽菜Fujian cuisine ★★☆湘菜Hunan cuisine ★★☆徽菜Anhui cuisine ★★☆特色菜speciality ★★☆色、香、味俱全a perfect combination of appearance, aroma and flavour ★★☆ 酸sour ★★☆甜sweet ★★☆苦bitter ★★☆辣spicy ★★☆咸salty ★★☆大厨chef ★★☆佐料seasoning ★★☆柴firewood ★★☆米rice ★★☆油cooking oil ★★☆盐salt ★★☆酱sauce ★★☆醋vinegar ★★☆茶tea ★★☆神农氏Shennong ★☆☆尝百草taste hundreds of herbs ★☆☆解毒clear away toxic materials; get rid of the poisoning effect ★☆☆茶馆teahouse ★★☆茶树tea tree ★★☆种植在山上plant on hills ★★☆茶叶的质量quality of tea leaves ★★☆得名于get name because… ★★☆浓郁strong ★★☆持久long-lasting ★★☆清淡faint ★★☆香甜sweet ★★☆唇齿留香f eel the flavour in mouth / on lips for a long time ★★☆修身养性cultivate moral characters ★★☆陶冶情操cultivate sentiments ★★☆去除杂念remove distracting thoughts ★★☆【补充词汇】1. 二十四节气立春spring begins ★☆☆雨水more rain than snow ★☆☆惊蛰hibernating insects awake n ★☆☆春分spring center ★☆☆清明clear and bright ★☆☆谷雨wheat rain ★☆☆立夏summer begins ★☆☆小满creatures plentish ★☆☆芒种seeding millet ★☆☆夏至summer maximum (solstice) ★☆☆小暑a bit sweltering ★☆☆大暑most sweltering ★☆☆立秋autumn begins ★☆☆处暑heat withdraws ★☆☆白露dews ★☆☆秋分autumn center ★☆☆寒露cold dews ★☆☆霜降frost ★☆☆立冬winter begins ★☆☆小雪snows a bit ★☆☆大雪snows a lot ★☆☆冬至winter maximum ★☆☆小寒a bit frigid ★☆☆大寒most frigid ★☆☆2. 中国传统节日黄金周golden week ★★★国家法定假日official national holiday ★★★烧香burning incense ★☆☆纸钱joss paper ★☆☆祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors ★★☆ 孔明灯Kongming lantern ★☆☆子孙后代offspring ★★☆纪念碑memorial tablet ★☆☆悼文memorial essay ★☆☆网上祭扫online tomb-sweeping ★★☆扫墓sweep tombs ★★☆扫墓者tomb sweeper ★★☆踏青spring outing ★★☆绿柳green willow ★★☆伟大的爱国诗人great patriotic poet ★★☆楚国the state of Chu ★★☆爱国主义patriotism ★★☆奉献精神dedication ★★☆不朽的著作immortal masterpiece ★★☆赛龙舟dragon-boat racing ★★★带香囊wear perfu med medicine bags ★☆☆鹊桥the bridge of magpies ★☆☆王母娘娘Goddess of Heaven ★☆☆银河the Milky Way ★★☆庆祝丰收celebrate harvest ★★☆拜月worship the moon ★★☆赏月enjoy the moon’s beauty; appreciate the full moon ★★☆合家团聚family reunion ★★★嫦娥奔月Chang’e Flying to the Moon ★☆☆登高/爬山mountain climbing ★★☆去除厄运dispel bad luck ★★☆去除恶灵dispel evil spirits ★★☆带来好运bring good fortune ★★★尊敬老人show respect for elders ★★★3. 中国饮食文化谷物grain ★★★面粉flour ★★☆面包bread ★★★糕点pastry ★★☆小吃snack ★★★菜谱recipe ★★☆菜单menu ★★★全鱼the whole fish ★★★汤soup ★★★美食家gourmet ★★☆餐具tableware ★★☆菜肴的装盘和摆放the layout and design of the dishes ★★☆ 佐料的搭配the blending of seasoning ★★☆调味的艺术the art of proper seasoning ★★☆烹饪艺术culinary art ★★☆煮boil ★★☆清蒸steam ★★☆ 清炒plain-fry ★☆☆油炸deep-fry ★☆☆ 烘培roast ★★☆刀工slicing technique ★☆☆烹饪餐具cooking utensil ★★☆饮料beverage ★★☆茶具tea set ★★☆茶壶teapot ★★☆茶杯teacup ★★☆茶托saucer ★★☆紫砂purple sand ★☆☆陶器pottery ★★☆瓷器porcelain ★★☆茶道tea ce remony ★☆☆食疗Chinese food therapy ★★☆食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing food ★★☆4. 其它文化类词汇文化多样性cultural diversity ★★★多元文化社会multicultural society ★★★跨文化交流cross-cultural communication ★★★文化交流与合作cultural exchange and cooperation ★★★文化繁荣cultural prosperity ★★★东方文化Eastern / Oriental culture ★★★民俗文化folk culture ★★☆传统意识形态traditional ideology ★★☆丰富文化生活enrich cultural life ★★☆中国结Chinese knot ★★☆手工艺handicrafts ★★☆手工艺人handicraftsman ★★☆祈求好运pray for good luck ★★☆辟邪ward off evil spirits ★★☆中医traditional Chinese medicine ★★★针灸acupuncture ★☆☆穴位acupuncture point ★☆☆推拿medical massage ★☆☆拔火罐疗法cupping therapy ★☆☆理疗physical therapy ★☆☆医疗保健health care ★★★心heart ★★☆肝liver ★★☆脾spleen ★★☆胃stomach ★★☆肺lung ★★☆肾kidney ★★☆中草药Chinese herbal medicine ★★☆副作用side effect ★★☆切脉feel the pulse ★☆☆偏方folk prescription ★☆☆秘方secret prescription ★☆☆传统中国画traditional Chinese painting ★★★饮茶下棋drink tea and play chess ★★☆耕耘收割plough and harvest ★★☆织布缝衣weave and sew ★★☆砍柴采药cut firewood and gather herbs ★★☆吟诗作画compose poems and draw pictures ★★☆中国书画Chinese painting and calligraphy ★★★山水画Chinese landscape painting ★☆☆水墨画Chines e ink and wash painting ★☆☆汉字Chinese character ★★★文房四宝the four treasures of the Chinese study ★★☆ 笔墨纸砚brush, ink, paper and ink stone ★★☆中国传统体育运动traditional Chinese sports ★★★功夫/武术kung fu; Chinese martial arts ★★★自卫self-defence ★★☆国宝nation al treasure ★★☆太极拳Tai Chi; shadow boxing ★★★中国传统服饰traditional Chinese costume ★★★民族服饰national costume ★★★宽松长袍loose robe ★★☆女性美women’s beauty ★★☆时装秀fashion show ★★☆社交聚会social gathering ★★☆中国民乐Chinese folk music ★★☆乐器musical instrument ★★☆中国传统戏曲traditional Chinese opera ★★☆中国生肖Chinese zodiac ★★☆。

中华饮食文化及中式菜谱英译

中华饮食文化及中式菜谱英译

于康乐 问题。人生就离不开这 两件事” 。 在 中国, 饮食 已上升
到 了一种几乎超越其他一切物质形态和精神形态 的东西 , 中国 人每 天要做 的第一 件事 , 也往往是 吃 , 或 为吃做准备 。所谓 的
“ 开门七件事: 柴、 米、 油、 盐、 酱、 醋、 茶” , 哪一件不关于饮食 ?这 种“ 泛食 主义” 的文化倾 向也充分体现到汉语 当中。 易中天先生
中国是一 个人 口众 多的 国家 , 中国人向来崇 尚“ 民 以食 为 天” 。老子曾说过 : “ 虚其心实其腹” 、 “ 圣人 为腹不 为 目” 。 可见 ,
叫‘ 品位 ’ , 嫉妒 叫 ‘ 吃醋 ’ , 幸福叫 ‘ 陶醉 ’ , 司空见惯 叫 ‘ 家 常便 饭’ , 轻而易举叫 ‘ 小菜一碟 ’ ……” 。 中华饮食 文化 内容 丰 富 , 最具 代表 性的有鲁 、 川、 粤、 闽、 苏、 浙、 湘、 徽八大菜系。 每一种菜系都体现了一个 “ 精” 字, 从选 料、 烹调 、 配伍 、 器皿乃至环境都强 调要 突出这个 “ 精” 字。 中式 饮食 的制作 方法被称为 “ 烹调 ” , “ 烹” 就是把食物加工熟 , “ 调” 则是调 出五味。中国饮食之所 以有其独特 的魅力 , 关键就在于 它 的味 。 要使食物 的本味 , 加热 以后 的熟味 , 加上配料 和辅料的 味 以及调料的调 和之 味, 交织融合协调 在一起 , 使之互相补充 ,
在《 闲话 中国人》 中对此进行 了最为生 动的描述 : “ 如前述把人
称为 ‘ 口’ , 把职业称为 ‘ 饭碗 ’ 等 。又 比如 , 思索 叫‘ 咀嚼 ’ , 体 验
传播 中华饮食文化上起着重要 的作用 。 中式菜肴 的翻译尤其要
注意 翻译 与文化 的关 系 , 在 翻译过程 中 , 译 者应 具有跨 文化意

中国文化习俗段落翻译

中国文化习俗段落翻译

中国文化习俗段落翻译1. 中西方饮食习惯(eating habits)存在极大差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯,在中国,菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。

如果你在中国主人家做客,就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化(culture of cuisine)感到非常自豪,而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客(hospitality)。

而且有时候,中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

2. 在中国,小孩的满月酒(One-Month-Old Feast)和抓周(One-Year-Old Catch)仪式独具特色。

小孩出生满一个月的那天,孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友,邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。

小孩儿慢周岁的那天,有抓周到额仪式。

按照中国的传统,父母及他人不给予任何的引导和暗示,任孩子随意挑选,看他先抓什么后抓什么,并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

参考译文1.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.参考译文2: In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.春节贴年画(pasting New Year Print s)的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(Door Gods)的传统,随着木质雕刻品(board carvings)的出现,年画包含了更广泛地主题,最出名的就是门神,三大神——福神、薪神、和兽神(three Gods of Blessings, Salary and Longevity),寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。

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When frying, proper fire and seasonings are two key elements for cooks to produce certain flavors.
2.3. nutrition of Chinese diet
神农氏 扁鹊------安身之本,必资于食。救疾之速, 必凭于药。 Food is the essential supply for one’s health while medicine serves as a rapid solution to one’s sickness.
simmering, smoking and stewing.
The popularity of frying may be explained by many factors: It may help to mix flavors of different materials to improve the taste; Through the mixture, the color and aroma can be improved; It helps to maintain nutrition of dishes for its short time of cooking; It caters to the diet of Chinese: grain as the main part accompanied by vegetables, together with some meat.
人世间倘若有任何事情值得吾们的慎重将事者, 那不是宗教,也不是学问,而是“吃”。吾们不 得不吃凡手指所能夹持的任何东西。吃了医药和 烹调上的偶然发现,吾们实在为地球上唯一无所 不食的动物,只要吾们的牙齿健在,吾们将永远 保持这个地位。 -------林语堂在《吾国与吾民》
国以民为天,民以食为天。 ------Food is the first necessity of the people.
Diet penetrates into every corner of our life.
In greeting
------你吃了吗? In welcoming guests -----a table of luxurious meal In building up relationship ------酒杯一端,政策放宽;筷子一提,可以可以
五味调和是中国烹饪艺术所追求的最高境界。 根据伊尹(夏末商初的厨师,被誉为‘厨神’), 调和在于三样东西:水,火和味(五味)。
林语堂: 中国烹饪别于欧洲式者有两个原则。其一, 吾们的东西吃它的组织机理,它所抵达于吾们牙 齿上的松脆或弹性的感觉,并其味香色。组织肌 理的意思,不大容易懂得,可是竹笋一物所以如 此流行,即为其嫩笋所给予吾人牙齿上的精美的 抵抗力。一般人之爱好竹笋可为吾人善变滋味的 典型例证,它既不油腻,却有一种不可言辞形容 的肥美之质。不过其最重要者,为它倘与肉类共 烹能增进肉类(尤其是猪肉)的滋味,而其本身 又能摄取肉类的鲜味。
4. Major Styles of Chinese Diet
Beijing Style Shandong Style Fujian Style Jiangzhe Style Huaiyang Style Hunan Style Sichuan Style Cantonese Style
Beijing style
2.2 Frying is the main way of cooking
There are over 30 techniques in Chinese cuisine, including deep-frying, quick-frying, stir-frying, roasting, braising,
五谷为养,五果为助,五畜为益,五菜为充。
Cereals supply men with necessary nutrition, fruit is a subsidiary, meat is an added benefit and vegetables are nutritional enrichment. A diversified diet helps maintain the function of the organs. -------《黄帝内经》(the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine)
食医---food therapy
Nutrition supply from food aims at achieving balance in one’s body while taking medicine aims at solving problems. 四季养生 咸多伤心;苦多伤肺;辛多伤肝;酸多伤脾;甘 多伤肾。 清淡 小米; 菊花; 腊八粥;
nomadic people favor for meat, especially mutton, such as roast mutton, mutton fondue, hot pot Beijing roast duck
Shandong style
quick-fry(爆炒) with salty flavor by using soy sauce sea food
In mourning for the dead or sacrifice for gods
Expressions related to “吃” in Chinese
吃喝玩乐,日食,月食,蚕食, 食言,吃苦,吃亏,吃香,吃透, 尝到甜头,吃闭门羹,吃耳光, 生吞活剥,对胃口、倒胃口, 废寝忘食
Expressions related to “吃” in Chinese
Chinese Diet Culture and Translation
L/O/G/O
2010.12.6
1.
Importance of Diet in Chinese culture
பைடு நூலகம்亚当和夏娃
美国人吃牡蛎不吃蜗牛,法国 人吃蜗牛不吃蝗虫,非洲的祖鲁人 吃蝗虫不吃鱼,他们都有所不吃, 而中国人是全世界最大的吃家,什 么都吃。 -------伊安罗伯逊
three luxuries in one’s life: an American house a Japanese wife Chinese food
2. Features of Chinese diet
2.1 Taste is the core in Chinese cuisine. three essential factors in Chinese cooking:
3. Etiquette of Chinese Banquets China has long been known as the “land of ceremony and propriety”. There are certain manners that should be observed at banquets or formal dinners. First, seat order Second, the order of serving dishes Third, the way dishes are set on the table chopsticks
Jiangsu and Zhejiang Style It is characterized by its mild, tender as well as sweet and sour taste.
Sweet and Sour Fish Niangao
Dishes in areas along the Yantze River and the Huai River can be accounted into Huaiyang Style.
color aroma taste
民以食为天,食以味为先。 五味调和,味道为王 。
Five chief tastes: salty sweet sour bitter pungent 心中如打翻了五味瓶( All kinds of feelings swell up.)
The aim of flavoring in Chinese cuisine is to rid any unpleasant taste and smell, to highlight the source taste, to improve and enrich its taste. All these can be achieved only when you put proper amount, at proper time and with proper heat.
Sichuan Style It emphasizes on the quality of cooking materials and seasonings, especially chili and pepper, and is characterized by the thick spicy taste.
Chili and smoked food are essential in Hunan Style, and Local people are proud of dishes such as Spicy and Hot Spring Chicken and Steamed Fish Head with Diced Hot Red Peppers.
这第二个原则,便是滋味的调和。中国 的全部烹调艺术即依仗调和的手法。虽中国 人也认为有许多东西,像鱼,应在它本身的 原汤里烹煮,大体上他们把各种滋味混合, 远甚于西式烹调。例如白菜必须与鸡或肉类 共烹才有滋味,那时鸡肉的滋味渗入白菜, 白菜的滋味渗入鸡肉,从此调和原则引申, 可以制造出无限的精美混合法。像芹菜,可 以单独生吃,但当中国人在西餐中看见了菠 萝萝卜分别烹煮都与猪肉或烧鹅放入同一盘 碟而食之,未免发笑,觉得这吃法太野蛮了。
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