建筑风格介绍.

建筑风格介绍1. By’zantineadj. 东罗马帝国的, 拜占庭式的n. 拜占庭人, 拜占庭派的建筑师, 画家Of or belonging to the style of architecture developed from the fifth century a.d. in the Byzantine Empire, characterized by a central dome resting on a cube formed by four round arches and their pendentives and by the extensive use of surface decoration, especially veined marble panels, low relief carving, and colored glass mosaics.具有拜占庭风格的：公元5世纪在拜占庭帝国发展起来的建筑风格的，这种建筑风格的主要特征是在由四个圆拱及其三角穹隆形成的立方体结构上有一中心圆顶，且在建筑物表面上大量装饰，特别是在大理石方格上镂出纹理、塑出低度浮雕以及用彩色玻璃镶嵌Of the painting and decorative style developed in the Byzantine Empire, characterized by formality of design, frontal stylized presentation of figures, rich use of color, especially gold, and generally religious subject matter.属于拜占庭风格的：属于拜占庭帝国发展起来的绘画和装饰风格的，主要特征有：在设计上注重形式，其形状多为正面的，大量使用颜料，尤其是金黄色，通常以宗教为主题2. Roma’nesqueOf, relating to, or being a style of European architecture containing both Roman and Byzantine elements, prevalent especially in the 11th and 12th centuries and characterized by thick walls, barrel vaults, and relatively unrefined ornamentation.罗马式的：属于、有关或具有一种包含了古罗马和拜占庭特色的欧洲建筑风格的，该风格尤盛行于11世纪和12世纪，特点为包括厚实的墙、筒珙穹顶及相对不精细的装饰品Of, relating to, or being corresponding styles in painting and sculpture.罗马风格的：属于、有关或具有绘画和雕刻等相应风格的n.（名词）A Romanesque style of architecture, painting, or sculpture.罗马式的建筑、绘画或雕塑3. Gothic n. 哥特式adj. 哥特式的, 野蛮的Of or relating to the Middle Ages; medieval.中世纪的：中古的或与中古有关的；中世纪的Of or relating to an architectural style prevalent in western Europe from the 12th through the 15th century and characterized by pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flyingbuttresses.哥特式的：流行于西欧的12世纪到15世纪的一种建筑风格的，特征是有尖角的拱门，肋形拱顶和飞拱Of or relating to an architectural style derived from medieval Gothic.哥特式建筑的：源于中世纪哥特式建筑风格的Of or relating to painting, sculpture, or other art forms prevalent in northern Europe from the 12th through the 15th century.哥特式艺术的：盛行于北欧12世纪到15世纪有关绘画、雕塑和其它艺术形式的Often gothic Of or relating to a style of fiction that emphasizes the grotesque, mysterious, and desolate.常作gothic 哥特式小说风格的：着重描绘怪诞、恐怖和孤寂的小说风格的，与其相关的4. baroqueadj.（形容词）also Baroque Of, relating to, or characteristic of a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700, emphasizing dramatic, often strained effect and typified by bold, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts.也作Baroque 巴洛克风格的：约1550到1700年间盛行于欧洲的一种艺术和建筑风格，属于、关于或有这种风格的特点的。

这种风格强调拉紧的效果，其特征是有大胆的曲线结构、复杂的装饰和无联系部分间的整体平衡Also Baroque Music Of, relating to, or characteristic of a style of composition that flourished in Europe from about 1600 to 1750, marked by chromaticism, strict forms, and elaborate ornamentation.也作Baroque 【音乐】巴洛克音乐风格的：属于、关于或有这种作曲风格之特点的，从1600至1750年此风格盛行于欧洲，其特征为半音阶的使用、严格的形式和复杂的装饰5. rococon.（名词）Also Rococo A style of art, especially architecture and decorative art, that originated in France in the early 18th century and is marked by elaborate ornamentation, as with a profusion of scrolls, foliage, and animal forms.也作Rococo 洛可可式：一种18世纪初起源于法国的有精心刻意用大量的涡卷形字体、树叶及动物形体点缀装饰的艺术风格，尤指建筑和装饰艺术A very ornate style of speech or writing.一种词藻华丽的演讲或写作风格Also Rococo Music A style of composition arising in 18th-century Europe immediately following the baroque that is characterized by a certain lightness ordaintiness of form, largely the result of a high degree of ornamentation.也作Rococo 【音乐】洛可可风格：一种紧跟巴罗克风格之后起源于18世纪欧洲的作曲风格，因过度装饰而造成表现形式轻松或过分讲究形式adj.（形容词）Also Rococo Of or relating to the rococo.也作Rococo 属于或有关洛可可风格的Immoderately elaborate or complicated.See Synonyms at ornate过分精巧或过分繁杂的参见ornate6. classicismn.（名词）Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint.古典风格，古典主义：古希腊和古罗马的艺术、建筑和文学中体现的美学立场和原理，以强调形式、简单、成比例和约束为特征Adherence to the aesthetic values embodied in ancient Greek and Roman art and literature.古典美学：信奉古希腊和古罗马艺术和文学体现的美学价值7. neoclassicismn.（名词）A revival of classical aesthetics and forms, especially:新古典主义：古典美学和格式的复兴，尤其是：A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint.新古典主义：17、18世纪晚期的文学复兴，以尊重古代典型的推理形式和严谨文体为特征A revival in the 18th and 19th centuries in architecture and art, especially in the decorative arts, characterized by order, symmetry, and simplicity of style.新古典主义：18、19世纪建筑和艺术复兴，尤其在装饰艺术方面，以风格的式样、匀称和质朴为特征A movement in music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that sought to avoid subjective emotionalism and to return to the style of the pre-Romantic composers.新古典主义：19世纪末、20世纪初的音乐运动，企图避免主观感情主义而返回到前浪漫派作曲家的风格8. romanticismn. 浪漫精神, 浪漫主义Often Romanticism An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.常作Romanticism 浪漫主义运动：起源于18世纪末期欧洲的一种对大自然有强烈的兴趣且注重个人情感和想象力的表达的艺术和知识上的运动，它与古典主义的观点和形式相悖并反对公认的社会制度和习俗9. realismn.现实主义n.（名词）An inclination toward literal truth and pragmatism.现实态度：注重确确实实的事实和实用的倾向The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form.真实性，现实主义：在艺术或文学中将事物，行为或社会状况按其起初情况进行的表现，而不用模糊的形式来表现或理想化Philosophy 【哲学】The scholastic doctrine, opposed to nominalism, that universals exist independently of their being thought.唯实论：与唯名论相对的一种哲学信条，认为宇宙是以其被认为的看法而独立地存在的The modern philosophical doctrine, opposed to idealism, that physical objects exist independently of their being perceived.实在主义：与理想主义相对的一种现代哲学信条，认为外部事物独立于它们的表象而存在的10. symbolismn.（名词）The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships.符号使用，象征使用：用符号来代表事物的方法或赋于物体、事件或关系象征性意义或重要性的作法A system of symbols or representations.符号体系或象征体系A symbolic meaning or representation.象征意义或象征Revelation or suggestion of intangible conditions or truths by artistic invention.象征手法：通过艺术创造来揭示或暗示难以描述的情况或真理Symbolism The movement, theory, or practice of the late 19th-century Symbolists. Symbolism 象征主义：19世纪末期象征主义的运动、理论或实践11. impressionismn.（名词）Often Impressionism A theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870's, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.常作Impressionism 印象主义：一种绘画的理论或风格，19世纪70年代在法国源起并迅速发展，其特点是注重场景产生的瞬间视觉印象，并通过运用未经掺杂基本色彩和细微的笔划描绘天然反射的光线A literary style characterized by the use of details and mental associations to evoke subjective and sensory impressions rather than the re-creation of objective reality.印象主义：一种文学风格，其特征是利用对细节和感情的描述而不是通过对客观的现实的再创造，来唤起主观的或感觉的印象Music A style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, using lush and somewhat vague harmony and rhythm to evoke suggestions of mood, place, and natural phenomena.【音乐】印象派：一种19世纪晚期和20世纪早期的音乐风格，运用丰富且有些种模糊的和声与节奏来唤起对心境、地方和自然现象的印象The practice of expressing or developing one's subjective response to a work of art or to actual experience.印象手法：表达或发展对艺术作品或真实经历的主观反应的做法12. Art Nouveaun. 新艺术主义n.（名词）A style of decoration and architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized particularly by the depiction of leaves and flowers in flowing, sinuous lines.新艺术：19世纪后期和20世纪初期的一种建筑和装饰艺术风格，主要特征为用流动的曲折的线条绘出叶子和花卉13. expressionismn. 表现主义n.（名词）A movement in the arts during the early part of the 20th century that emphasized subjective expression of the artist's inner experiences.表现主义：20世纪早期艺术的一种流派，强调艺术家的内心经验的主观表达14. fauvismn. 野兽派n.（名词）An early 20th-century movement in painting begun by a group of French artists and marked by the use of bold, often distorted forms and vivid colors.野兽派：20世纪早期的绘画流派，由一群法国画家发起，其特点是显著的鲜艳色彩和对开式的自由处理15. abstractThought of or stated without reference to a specific instance:表抽象概念的：无具体例子作参考来思考或陈述的：abstract words like truth and justice .一些抽象名词，如真理和正义Impersonal, as in attitude or views.非个人的，一般的：态度或观点上非个人的Having an intellectual and affective artistic content that depends solely on intrinsic form rather than on narrative content or pictorial representation:抽象主义的，抽象派的：理性和感性的艺术效果，仅靠自身的形式而非叙述内容或图画描绘而获得：abstract painting and sculpture.抽象派的绘画和雕塑16. cubismn.（名词）A nonobjective school of painting and sculpture developed in Paris in the early 20th century, characterized by the reduction and fragmentation of natural forms into abstract, often geometric structures usually rendered as a set of discrete planes.立体派：20世纪初出现于巴黎的一个绘画和雕刻抽象流派，其特征是把各种自然形态简化并分裂成抽象的、通常为几何形状的结构，并常被描绘成一系列互不相联的平面17. Dadaismn. 达达主义,达达派n.（名词）A European artistic and literary movement (1916-1923) that flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.达达主义运动：欧洲文学艺术界的运动(1916-1923年），通过随意涂写、嘲讽、不和谐的作品，来藐视传统的艺术和文化价值18. surrealismA 20th-century literary and artistic movement that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter.超现实主义：20世纪的文学和艺术运动，它试图表达潜意识的活动，以怪诞的意象和主题的不协调并存为特征Literature or art produced in this style.超现实主义作品：超现实主义的文学或艺术作品19. naturalismn. 自然主义, 本能行动n.（名词）Factual or realistic representation, especially:自然，现实：事实的或现实的表现，尤其是The practice of describing precisely the actual circumstances of human life in literature.自然主义：在文学中精确地描述人类现实环境的实践The practice of reproducing subjects as precisely as possible in the visual arts.自然视觉主义：在视觉艺术中尽可能准确地复制物体的实践A movement or school advocating such precise representation.自然主义运动：提倡如比精确地表示的运动或学校The principles and methods of such a movement or of its adherents.自然论：这样运动或其拥护者的原则和方法Philosophy The system of thought holding that all phenomena can be explained in terms of natural causes and laws without attributing moral, spiritual, or supernatural significance to them.【哲学】自然主义：伦理学的观点认为所有的现象都可以不用归于道理上的，精神上的及超自然的重要性而被解释为自然起因和法则Theology The doctrine that all religious truths are derived from nature and natural causes and not from revelation.【神学】自然教条主义：教条主义认为所有的宗教真理都来源于自然界和自然原因，而不是源于上天的启示Conduct or thought prompted by natural desires or instincts.本能行动：自然愿望和直觉激起的行为和想法20. existentialismn. 存在主义n.Philosophy （名词）【哲学】A philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts.存在主义：一种强调在怀有敌意或冷漠的世界中个人经历的独特性和孤立性的哲学，它认为人的存在是不可解释的，并强调选择的自由和对自己行为的结果负责21. futurismn. 未来派n.（名词）A belief that the meaning of life and one's personal fulfillment lie in the future and not in the present or past.未来观：认为生命的意义和个人满足的实现在于将来而不是现在或过去的信仰An artistic movement originating in Italy around 1910 whose aim was to express the energetic, dynamic, and violent quality of contemporary life, especially as embodied in the motion and force of modern machinery.未来主义：一种1910年左右发源于意大利的文艺思潮，意在表现当代生活有力的、充满活力的和激烈的特点，尤其主张表现现代机械文明的动感和暴力。