竹纤维基本特性研究

接压,使退绕张力保持恒定。

二段式陶瓷制栅栏式张力器使二段张力器分别动作,从而使张力更加稳定。

这3种方式比较,Autoconer338型和Orion型的络纱张力的控制是闭环式的,属于被动地先检测张力,然后再调整补偿。

但在1000～2000mΠmin高线速度时,被动地调整,在张力波动大的情况下很难得到均衡的张力,只能降速卷绕。

村田公司的络纱张力的控制是开环式的,它的跟踪式气圈控制装置安装在纱路的下部,在张力装置的下方,使纱线张力控制相对稳定。

2.6　其　它村田自动络筒机还可配置减少毛羽装置,采用喷气方式减少毛羽,得到高附加值的少毛羽纱。

Au2 toconer338型的吸风系统采用变频电机来产生负压,电机转速随所需空气用量而变化,保证得到恒定的负压值。

由于电机速度随空气消耗量变化而调节,因此Autoconer338型的控制系统使机器维持在低消耗状态运动。

3　结束语 以上介绍了国外3家著名自动络筒机生产厂家新产品的某些性能,并对3种机型进行了部分分析和对比。

络筒机的质量是络纱质量的关键所在,用户采购的型号应与纱线的特性要求相一致,这样才能更好地发挥自动络筒机的作用。

参考文献1　高鼎铭.国外三种新型自动络筒机的对比分析.棉纺织技术, 1994(11):29～30.2　秦贞俊.国外第三代自动络筒机的技术进步.棉纺织技术,2003(1):63～64.第25卷第6期2004年12月纺　织　学　报Journal of T extile ResearchV ol.25,N o.6Dec.,2004竹纤维基本特性研究赵　博(中原工学院,郑州,450007)李　虹(东华大学)石陶然(河南南阳纺织集团)摘　要:介绍测试竹纤维的方法及所使用的标准和竹纤维的组成,测试了竹纤维的基本性能和特性,为开发新产品提供参考依据。

关键词:再生竹纤维　组成　结构　性能中图分类号:TS102151 文献标识码:A 文章编号:025329721(2004)0620100202 竹纤维以竹子为原料,经过人工催化处理,将甲种纤维含量在35%左右的纤维素纤维提高到93%以上,同时采用水解-碱法及多段漂白精制成竹浆粕,经过纺丝制成再生纤维素纤维,其主要成分为纤维素。

生产竹纤维的竹子生长在远离城市的山区,不使用农药,且竹纤维能够100%降解,生产过程中对环境、空气及水等无污染,是21世纪又一种新型绿色无污染的环保型纯天然纤维。

竹纤维不仅集天然纤维与人造纤维的优点于一身,而且还具有独特的天然抗菌性能,同时又有良好的生态环保性,其染色性能优良,且有一定抗菌功能和保健功能,它的出现满足了人们对面料凉爽性、功能性、舒适性等的追求,是目前倍受消费者青睐的理想面料。

本文对竹纤维的形态特征及基本特性进行研究分析,为进一步对纤维的全面定性和新产品开发提供参考依据。

1　竹纤维的加工 纤维的加工流程为:竹浆粕→粉碎→浸渍→碱化→磺化→初溶解→溶解→头道过滤→二道过滤→熟成→纺前过滤→纺丝→塑化→水洗→切断→精练→烘干→打包。

2　实验条件2.1　材　料1165dtex×38mm竹纤维素纤维。

2.2　测试方法采用电子扫描显微镜观察纤维的形态结构,用密度梯度管法测密度,用绞盘法测摩擦性能,用人工模拟方法测耐日晒牢度,用鉴别纤维的溶解法判别对化学试剂的稳定性[1]。

用YG001N型电子单纤维强力仪测定强力,其它物理性能测试采用有关国家标准测试方法[2,3]。

3　结果与讨论3.1　竹纤维的形态结构竹纤维的横截面呈天然中空,大部分为接近圆形,有的为梅花型排列,边沿具有不规则的锯齿形,纵向形态具有光滑均一的特性,呈多条较浅的沟槽,有利于导湿和吸放湿,具有良好的透气性能。

这种结构使竹纤维表面具有一定的摩擦系数,纤维具有较好的摩擦力和抱合力,有利于纤维纺成纱[4]。

3.2　竹纤维的主要性能测试与分析竹纤维的主要性能及其测试方法见表1。

表1　竹纤维的性能特点纤维性能指标测试标准与方法长度(mm)(机切)38.00(排列整齐)G BΠT14335—1993线密度(dtex) 1.65G BΠT14336—1993回潮率(%)(在标准状态下)11.8G BΠT14341—1993质量比电阻(Ω・gΠcm2)8.8G BΠT14342—1993动摩擦系数0.102绞盘法(纤维与钢轴)静摩擦系数0.247绞盘法(纤维与钢轴)干断裂强度(cNΠdtex) 4.41G BΠT14337—1993湿断裂强度(cNΠdtex) 3.90G BΠT14337—1993干断裂伸长(%)19.8G BΠT14337—1993湿断裂伸长(%)22.4G BΠT14337—1993密度(gΠcm3) 1.34密度梯度法弹性回复率(%)(伸长率2%)60～70定伸长法卷曲弹性回复率(%)65G BΠT14338—1993耐日光性(强力变异系数)(%) (强度)17.5～18.9强度有所下降紫外线照射紫外线灯照射双折射率(%)0.00375Z BW04004.10—1989耐碱性好耐酸性稍差耐热性175～185℃长时间处理变色、强力下降抗紫外线一般透气量(gΠmm2・s) 1.652(居各纤维之首)抗菌性能抵抗虫蛀,不受霉菌侵蚀,具有天然杀菌性能染色性能染色适合性强,染色性能良好,吸色均匀透彻,色牢度强,多次洗涤后仍能保持鲜艳的色彩吸湿性能(%,回潮率)在标准状态下11.8接近普通粘胶,吸湿快干性能佳G BΠT14341—1993 由表1可见:1)切断长度为38mm,排列整齐,光泽亮丽,手感轻柔滑糯。

2)动、静摩擦系数差值相对较大,使纺出的纱条间有一定的摩擦力和抱合力,适合加工手感柔软、悬垂性佳的高档产品。

3)干态断裂强力接近超细旦涤纶纤维(014dtex),断裂伸长与大豆蛋白纤维和普通粘胶纤维接近。

4)强力高,耐磨性好,说明竹纤维的初始模量大,钩结强度和结节强度好,纤维具有较大的抵抗变形的能力,湿态断裂伸长率大于干态断裂伸长率,生产中要注意它的干湿性能变化,及时调整生产工艺参数,使生产正常进行。

5)纤维表面上具有一定的卷曲数,这使它表面上具有一定的摩擦力和抱合力,有利于纺纱加工。

弹性回复率与它的结构有关,初始模量大,因而弹性回复率相对稍低。

6)在标准状态下,竹纤维回潮率与普通粘胶的回潮率接近,但低于毛纤维和普通毛型粘胶长丝的回潮率。

竹纤维呈天然高度中空,说明具有良好的吸湿性、渗透性和放湿性及透气性能,适合加工夏季针织面料和高档衬衫等产品[4]。

7)比电阻相对较高、纺纱过程中根据纺纱产品加入适量的油剂等抗静电剂,以提高其可纺性能。

8)针织产品的透气量最大,透气性能较好,均高于丙纶、腈纶和粘胶长丝,这与竹纤维特殊的天然横截面高度中空有直接关系。

9)纤维的卷曲率为1135%,残留率0142%,弹性回复率(伸长率2%)为60%～70%。

因此相对于一般的合纤,该卷曲率指标偏低,弹性差。

10)双折射率低,说明大分子的取向度较低[5]。

11)耐碱性好,耐酸性稍差,溶解后有少许残留物质。

染色性能优良,不易褪色,吸收性和渗透性强,其白度与普通粘胶纤维接近,且稳定性强。

12)竹纤维经紫外线照射后,强力下降很少,说明纤维耐光性较好。

13)与其它纤维相比,具有更优良的吸湿快干性能,适合加工夏季服装和贴身产品。

14)具有天然的杀菌性能,在服用中不会对皮肤造成任何不良反应。

由于在竹纤维生产过程中全部实施绿色生产,故属于环保凉爽型纤维。

4　结　论 11竹纤维具有良好的物理和机械性能,耐磨性好,吸湿快干性佳,韧性高,且具有天然抗菌性,适合加工具有特效功能的产品。

21竹纤维天然横截面高度中空,富有丝质效应,手感柔和光滑,是高档内衣等的理想面料,将其用于服饰,市场前景十分看好。

31在纺织加工中要合理选择工艺参数,并且要进一步了解竹纤维的性能,以充分认识其特点,以利于开发出体现竹纤维独特性能的新产品。

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