《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿的性格分析

安徽农业大学经济技术学院学士学位论文（设计）开题报告课题名称《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿的性格分析课题来源自拟学生姓名朱文娟专业英语学号08557035指导教师姓名颜志蓉职称讲师研究内容从小说中主人公的社会家庭背景及其在外游荡时发生的事,深入分析小说主人公霍尔顿的性格和性格形成原因。

从小说所反映的问题，结合中国社会实例来探讨中国社会当代的青少年心理问题。

研究计划11年12月12日—12年1月7日确定选题，获得导师同意，开始搜集资料1月8日－2月12日撰写开题报告，论文任务书，及论文提纲2月13日- 3月31日完成论文第一稿4月1日- 4月20 日完成论文第二稿4月21日- 5月15日完成论文第三稿、定稿5月16日上交论文指导记录、匿名审核论文和毕业实习报告等5月19日论文答辩5月26日二次答辩特色与创新本文从小说主人公霍尔顿的所见所闻出发，结合具体事例深入分析霍尔顿的反叛性格，以及他的性格形成与当时的社会中物质矛盾与精神矛盾的关系,和他对社会中人与事的失望和对生活与未来的迷茫。

这种迷茫在当代中国青少年的身上更是常见，对青少年教育问题的借鉴作用。

指导教师意见教研室意见院系意见主要领导签名：年月日The Analysis of Holden's CharacterThesis submitted to the faculty of School of Economy and Technology Anhui Agricultural University in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree ofBachelor of ArtsBy: Zhu WenjuanSupervisor: Yan ZhirongSchool of Economy and Technology, AAUMay 2012AcknowledgementsFor this thesis, grateful acknowledgement goes first to my supervisor, who took time from her busy schedule and gave me valuable advice on how to choose an appropriate topic, what and how to study. Without her patient reading, careful thinking and expert instructions, the completion of this thesis would be impossible, at least, not so successful.Besides, I would like to avail myself with this opportunity to thank all teachers and professors in School of Foreign Language, Anhui Agriculture University, whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures have benefited me a lot.Moreover, I grateful acknowledge all my classmates and friends who have been supporting me throughout the four years, making my college life colorful and meaningful.Last but not least, my sincere gratitude also extends to my family, especially my dear parents, who have been working hard all day, supporting, encouraging and caring for me all of my life.AbstractJerome David Salinger is a famous American writer in the American literary history. His famous novel, The Catcher in the Rye, vividly shows us an imagine of a teenage after Second World War. In this novel, the author portrayed a successful image of a different teenage, Amanda Louise Holden, who hated the adult hypocrisy world. He wants to escape from the reality but the side of his weakness decides that he is doomed to failure.Different from other novels, the author presents an anti-hero role who is dissatisfied with reality, hating material pursuit and seeking the spiritual realm. Finally, he can’t change the reality but to want to be a catcher in the rye to protect the children from the influence of the adult world. Through the person Holden, the novel expresses the contradiction between the American material life and the lack of spiritual life after the Second World War.Key words:Anti-hero; weak; kindness.摘要杰罗姆大卫塞林格是美国现代文学史上杰出的小说家，他在其著名的小说《麦田里的守望者》中形象地刻画了叛逆的反英雄少年霍尔顿。

在这部小说中，作者通过霍尔顿这一形象向我们展示了二战后美国青少年的一部分生活及物质的丰富与精神匮乏之间的矛盾。

而这一矛盾在霍尔顿身上体现的尤为明显。

本文从三个部分来说明霍尔顿的性格、形成原因以及对当代的启示。

在小说中，小说中主人公霍尔顿厌恶成人世界的虚伪并设法逃离，但由于他自身性格的原因注定了他的失败以至于精神的崩溃。

霍尔顿是一个时代的牺牲品，是那个时代的悲剧。

故事结尾主人公愿成为麦田里的守望者，来守护那些纯真的孩子免受虚伪肮脏的成人世界。

关键词：反英雄；懦弱；善良.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements (i)Abstract (ii)摘要 (ii)I. Introduction (1)I I.F e a t u r e o f H o l t o n (3)2.1.Discuss of Holden’s n egative character......................................... . (3)2.1.1 Rebellion of Holden............................................... ............................................................2.1.2.Holdon's cynicism................................................................ ...............................................2.1.3,Holdon's Cowardliness and Passiveness.......................... ........................... ...............2.2Discuss of Holden's positive character....................................................... ................. ....2.2.1Righteousness and Virtuousness.......................................... ...........................................2.2.2Holdon's Considerateness and Kindness.....................................................................2.2.3The main reasons that cause Holden's double characters............................... ....... III. Reasons of that character......................................................................................... ..........3.1Deformity of education in Holden's period........................................................... ..........3.2The alienation of social environment.................................................................... ............3.3Alienation of interpersonal relationship.......................................................... ................ IV. Reference to the modern youth........................................................................ ..................4.1A correct attitude of contemporary students to life ............................................ ........4.2 Contemporary teenagers' noble moral character............................................ ........... V. Conclusion (11)Bibliography (12)Ⅰ. IntroductionJerome David Salinger is an American famous writer, born on January 1, 1919 in New York. His father was a Jewish importer. His famous novel "The Catcher in the Rye" is considered to be one of the classic novel of the twentieth century American literature. Salinger had an unhappy childhood though he was in a rich house. When he was 15, he was sent to a military school in Pennsylvania."The Catcher in the Rye" is said that it described the life of that boarding school.In 1936, Salinger graduated from the military school and got the diploma which is said to be his only diploma in his life. He got in some schools, but he couldn't finish even any of them.In 1942, Salinger joined the army and in 1944, he went to the battlefields of Europe engaging in counter-espionage work. The war made him feel fear. In 1946 Salinger retired and returned to New York to start to concentrate on the writing. His first novel The Catcher in the Rye, published in 1951, obtaining a great success.This is a book about escape. On the theme of the novel, it can also be called a book about failure escape. Junior Holden tried to escape from reality when he was expelled from school, but his strength is trivial, so in the end he could not escape the limited world, but to be regard as mental illness people and to be sent to the place of nursing homes to accept the treatment of psychological experts. For Holden, the final is a little tragedy and is inevitable, because he was so weak, fragile, sensitive, and hewas full of suspicion and mistrust to the world. He neither can’t be a normal, healthy child to fit the social standards, nor become distorted child. The "wheat", which he called, is a place he imagine to escape the real life. From this novel we can see his weakness. He wants to escape all the time but to resist the world such as the failure educational system, his rude classmate or the social situation. His character is doomed to his failure in that society.II. Feature of HoltonIn the story, the hero Holden who had a fantasy for future was always antipathetic with his teacher, parents or the society. He always cut class to avoid teacher and the exams, so he became an edge of the life of people. Four out of five courses had been failed,He wa s expelled from school and began his vagabond’s life in New York street and met with a variety of danger and adventure. He was amazed by the capricious people in the outside of the world and the busy city and he looked forward to being a perfect world. In this world he wanted to be a catcher in the rye to protect those innocent children who play in the catcher.2.1.Discuss of Holden’s n egative character2.1.1 Rebellion of HoldenAlthough Holden was born in a wealthy family, he never felt proud of hisfamily or had a close relationship with his parents. His family could only provide him money support. So the lack of family love of Holden formed his strange character. In life, he didn't have a listener to talk with, even seldom communicate with his parents although being expelled from school. He thought that if they knew he had been expelled from school they would kill him. So what Holden could only do was to run away from school in New York street aimlessly. In school, Holden hated the heavy and complicated school trivia, the courses also were not his interest. He often cut class and showed no respect to the principal who was always putting on airs. He can't find a real good friends, because everybody is abnormal, acting like in a play. As Holden said in the novel: the more noble of the school, the more thief in it. So Holden's unique character makes him inharmonious with other snobish people in school.2.1.2.Holdon's cynicismThe main reason that prompted Holden to become a cynic is that he found his favorite teacher of the trust, the anduo Mr. Ni is a gay. After leaving school, he fled to the teacher to escape the miserable reality, but he found that he was a homosexual. He began to realize that people around him who seemed gentle in morality were actually cheating. For Holden, it is only a world full of lies without truth, only a hypocrisy world without love.2.1.3,Holdon's Cowardliness and PassivenessHolden's cowardice mainly displays in the defect of communication. Hisclassmates, teachers, and even parents did not understand him. He was often abused by classmates. In the novel, although Stella attacked him, Holden seldom resisted, always ending with his suffering of pain. For the girl he loved, he even hesitated to call her because of his cowardice. When Holden met many difficulties and setbacks, he chose to escape from his life and the life of the place. His life had too many hypocritical people who made Holden cannot live as a normal man even a humble man. Therefore, to see from Holden's frustrations and setbacks, he was used to take an escaped attitude rather than a positive one to solve his plight.After experiencing a series of failure, he thought of death to suicide or shot to end his tragic life. Because of his weakness, he didn't have the courage to face the society, losing the courage to fight against the evil side. Obviously, Holden was weak and negative in facing his own depressive and miserable life .2.2Discuss of Holden's positive character2.2.1Righteousness and VirtuousnessAs a typical representative teenager character at that period, Holden hated the glitz society in which people only knew to grasp profits. Because in Holden's eyes, all these money, fame, wealth and social status were illusory things. He could see people's ugly bumble heart through the beautiful surface. Holden's unique character told him that the only purpose of study was to improve spiritual cultivation but not to indulge in the material world, however his classmates thought reading was the premise of Cadillac in the future. For the old orson's charity career, Holden thoughtcharity career was a great cause, philanthropist should pay in their life some precious things and did not get paid for. But the old arson did not do charity indeed, but a self-oriented behavior about his own reputation. Compared with the old arson, Holden like those moral and pure nuns who had not become victims of egoism more. Holden wanted to be the catcher in the rye to protect the children in case they fall from cliff .The ideas had proved that he was a man of noble integrity. He believed that being a watchman at precipice and saving the children were his responsibilities, because these pure innocent children should not be defiled by the social bad style , so he was still an upright man who had his own unique noble ideas.2.2.2Holdon's Considerateness and KindnessNo matter how rebellious Holden was, he was also a kind ,considerate and passionate child. No matter how rich his family was, he never became proud and had no superiority. On the contrary, he was more willing to help those classmates who needed his help. Holden was also very considerate for nuns as well as his mother and family. But his family was not warm, and his parents did not like him. For him, the family was a distant strange place. Although lacking of mother's love , Holden still showed miss to his mother and family, especially after the death of his brother. When he thought of his mother asking salesclerk of skate shop over and over again, Holden therefore felt depressively sad. In Holden's wandering process, when he found that he was inharmonious with the environment and nobody understood him, he was desperate. When Holden was wandering on the street after a day, he slunk back his house to see his younger sister, he found that his sister was his best comfort. Holden'slove for sister was a very particular emotion. When he was inconsistent with everything around him, the only thing he loved was to communicate with his sister. In the process of growing up, his mother did not understand him and did not know how to effectively communicate with him, so without mother's love Holden could only transfer his passion to his sister who could give him love and comfort to comfort himself against anguish and solitary.2.2.3The main reasons that cause Holden's double charactersAccording to the study of Holden's complex character, it is easy to see Holden possesses strange characters. On one hand, he is coward, cynical, and not a social adaptation, on the other hand, he is kind and honest. He has the lofty ideal to protect his own sister and those naive children in the rye lest they are hurt by the dirty adult world. But preventing his sister from saying dirty words, his mouth is full of coarse languages. Therefore, the main reasons that lead to Holden's contradictory characters can be summed up in the following four points.III. Reasons of that character3.1Deformity of education in Holden's periodIn the 1950s, the United States obtained a huge wealth from World War Two and people's living standards had been increased, the peace of surface intensified people's fear of nuclear war, also making people the victims of various social crisis, and people's spirit and soul declined along with society's corruption .As a part of thewhole society, school becomes the main carrier of capitalist in their advocating of the materialism and hypocrisy to the ignorant students and young people. Holden's school was one of the typical representative of that education system. Its purpose is to train a group of ordinary people who do not violate social principle of the mainstream rules at that time and not cultivate their individualism. The teacher's tireless teaching to students is the performance of egoism of capitalism. The school is a killer of students' creativity and imagination . In any teaching project students are not allowed to have their own unique idea. The essence of education at that time was used and corrupted by capitalism and egoism .3.2The alienation of social environmentThe alien social environment called peacetime contributes most to the formation of Holden's personality. Many people were threatened by laid-off, poverty and all kinds of other crisis resulted from advanced science and technology. In this social context, many people in the suffocating environment lost sense of self and belonging, always felt that someone outside is controlling their behavior, at the same time, the social environment is damaging and destroying them, too. The new life of the United States brings to the ordinary people unprecedented challenge and pressure. Holden's growing period should spend in school to study and be an innocent youth, but he suffers from the hypocrisy and ugly of the adult world which left him a huge psychological trauma. This shows that the seemingly busy but in fact alienated social environment produces a great influence on Holden and young people of his generation and has caused a lot of damage on their soul and spirit.3.3Alienation of interpersonal relationshipAfter world war two, the relationship between people is full of abnormal crisis. People's spiritual world is also full of crisis in this seemingly rich society. Holden as a representative victim of the alienated interpersonal relationship at that time has always been expelled by people around him. He met in life with all kinds of difficulties and setbacks. The contradiction and conflict led to his mental depression, lonely and sad. So the alienation of social interpersonal relationship of the US at that time is another cause of the contradiction of Holden's character.IV. Reference to the modern youthThe importance of the analysis of Holden's character for the growth and development of contemporary teenagers4.1A correct attitude of contemporary students to lifeSeen from surface, Holden feels lonely and painful because he despises and breaks traditional value. And in fact, his denial of the traditional value standard let him have a more noble moral and spiritual pursuits, Holden has no ability to change the society and also cannot establish a suitable pattern of life. So, he decides to choose a compromise between the real and ideal. The psychology of contemporary teenagersand Holden's psychology share much similarity. In this challenging social environment, students should have enough ability to deal with the conflict between ideal and reality, and students should also bear pressure and confusion in current society, so the contemporary students should learn from the experience of Holden more attitude towards the life. Only when the modern youth have the right attitude to challenge and choose, can they withstand the test of life and history, so as to improve their own character.4.2 Contemporary teenagers' noble moral characterHolden's rebellious behavior at that time to the corruption of society causes the attention and reflection of people. Society should not only teach students the necessary basic knowledge, but also should pay attention to the process of youth development and the cultivation of character and personality. Therefore, to help them establish a correct world outlook is imminent, and to train them to discern between the mainstream of society and the sub mainstream society and to realize the potential problems of society and get the ability to solve problems is also important.To sum up, through the complex character analysis to the hero of The Catcher in the Rye, this article aims to reveal all kinds of evil of the capitalist society at that time. Through the exposition of social drawbacks and the analysis of the factors that cause Holden's character, the article provides a reference for perfect character and enlightenment function for the contemporary youth's comprehensive development.V. ConclusionBibliography 把你的参考文献复制上。