年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译
考研英语阅读UNIT 1
UNIT ONE TEXT ONETesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury’s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyo ne. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury’s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____[A] Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputation.[B] it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price.[C] Tesco is offered a leniency deal of £80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal. 2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?[A] Retail chains.[B] Farmers.[C] Dairy companies.[D] Politicians3. The word “defiant” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.[A] resisiting[B] angry[C] deficient[D] confident4. We may infer from Morrisons’ statement that _____[A] Morrisons turn out to be the most defentive when dealing with OFT.[B] Morrisons is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business.[C] industry insiders suggest that Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperation. [D] Morrisons indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal.5. The writer’s attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____[A] biased.[B] objective.[C] sympathetic.[D] optimistic.篇章剖析：本文介绍了目前奶制品公司因内部设定价格而面临受到的调查和处罚的状况。
年考研英语一阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Ｏｆall ｔhe chaｎgｅs that have taｋen place in Englｉｓh-lａnguage nｅwspaperｓdｕriｎｇtｈe past quａｒteｒ-cｅnｔuｒy, perhaｐｓtｈe most far－reaｃhing ｈas been the ineｘorablｅdeclｉne in tｈe scope and serioｕsneｓｓof tｈeiｒaｒt ｓｃoverage．①It is difｆiculｔtｏthe pｏiｎt oｆimpossibiliｔｙfoｒthｅａvｅrage reader u ｎdｅr tｈe ａge of fｏrｔy to imaｇiｎe a time when hｉｇh-ｑｕａlity arｔs critiｃism ｃould ｂe founｄｉn mosｔbig-ｃitｙnewspaｐｅｒs. ②Ｙｅt a cｏnsiderable number of thｅmost significａnt ｃｏlｌecｔｉoｎs of criｔicism pｕblisｈed ｉｎthe２０th cｅntuｒy consistｅd in lａrgｅpartｏf ｎewspａｐer reｖiewｓ. ③To read such booｋs ｔodaｙis tｏmarvｅl aｔthｅfact ｔhat their ｌeａｒｎeｄｃoｎtents were onｃe deemｅd suiｔable for pｕbｌication iｎｇenｅraｌ-cｉrculａtion ｄailies.① Wｅare ｅven fartheｒrｅmoｖed frｏｍｔhe ｕnｆｏcｕｓed newｓpapeｒreviｅws pubｌished iｎＥｎglaｎd ｂeｔween thｅturｎof thｅ20tｈcｅｎtury and theｅve oｆWorlｄＷar ２,at a tiｍe whｅn newｓprintｗaｓｄｉrt-cｈｅap and stｙlish arｔs cｒiticｉsｍｗaｓｃoｎsidereｄaｎornamｅntｔo thｅpuｂlｉcａtions in wｈｉch it appeaｒed. ②In ｔhoｓe fａｒ-oｆf daｙs，it ｗas tａkeｎｆo ｒgrａnｔｅd ｔhat the ｃritiｃs oｆmajor pａpers would ｗｒitｅin ｄｅｔａil and at length about ｔhｅeventｓｔheｙｃovered. ③Theirｓｗａs aｓｅriｏus busineｓs. ａnｄeｖen ｔhosｅreｖｉews wｈo wore their learniｎｇｌｉgｈtly, lｉke George BerｎarｄＳhaｗａnd Eｒnｅｓt Ｎeｗmaｎ, ｃoulｄbｅｔｒｕsted tｏknｏｗwhａｔthｅy were about．④Tｈｅse mｅｎbeliｅvｅd in jouｒnaｌism aｓ a ca ｌling,and were proud to be pubｌiｓhedｉn ｔhｅdaily press. ⑤So feｗａutｈors haｖe brains ｅnough or liｔerａry gifｔeｎouｇh tｏkｅｅｐtheir oｗn ｅndｕp iｎｏｕrnalisｍ，Newｍａnｗrote, "thａｔI am temｐtｅｄto ｄeｆine "joｕｒnaliｓm" ａs ＂a ｔerｍｏｆcｏntempt applied by writers who areｎoｔread ｔo wrｉters wｈo are".①Unfortunａtely, tｈese ｃrｉtｉcsａrｅviｒtuallｙｆoｒgotｔｅn. ②Neville Cａrdus, ｗhｏｗrｏｔe foｒthe Mancｈester Guａrｄian ｆrom 1917ｕntil ｓhortly ｂefore his ｄeath ｉn 1975，ｉs ｎoｗknowｎsolely as ａwriｔer of essaｙs ｏn thｅgame of crｉckｅt．③During his ｌｉfeｔｉmｅ, thｏｕgｈ, he wａｓａlso one o ｆEnglａnd's ｆoremoｓt claｓsiｃaｌ-musiｃcｒｉtics，anｄａsｔylｉsｔｓo wi ｄely admirｅd ｔｈａt ｈiｓＡutobiｏgｒaphy (1947）ｂeｃame a besｔ-seller.④He was kｎiｇhtｅd in １967,the fiｒsｔmusic ｃrｉtiｃto bｅso hｏnｏred.⑤Yet ｏnly onｅｏf hｉs ｂookｓiｓnｏw ｉｎprｉｎt，and ｈis vａst ｂｏdy ｏｆwｒitingｓon ｍusic ｉｓuｎknowｎsａve to sｐeｃiａlｉｓtｓ.①Is there ａnｙchanｃｅthat Cａrdus＇s criｔiciｓｍwill enｊoｙａrｅvival? ②The prｏspect ｓeｅmｓreｍoｔｅ.③Journａｌistiｃtasteｓｈａd cｈanged lｏｎg beforｅhｉsｄeａth, and ｐosｔmodern readeｒｓｈaｖe litｔle usｅｆｏr the richly uphｏsteｒｅｄVicwaｒdｉan ｐrose in whicｈhe specｉalｉzeｄ.④Moreｏver,the aｍａteur traｄiｔｉonｉｎmｕsic critiｃism has bｅｅn iｎｈeadｌong reｔreat.全文翻译:在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译
2009Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try---the more we step outside our comfort zone---the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth, “habit” is claimed by being[A] casual [B] familiar [C] mechanical [D] changeable.22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habit can be[A] predicted [B] regulated [C] traced [D] guided23. The word “ruts” (Line 1, paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to[A] tracks [B] series [C] characteristics [D] connections24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind[B] innovativeness could be taught[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas[D] curiosity activates creative minds25. Ryan ’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing[A] prevents new habits from being formed[B] no longer emphasizes commonness[C]maintains the inherent American thinking model[D] complies with the American belief system全文翻译：Text 1习惯是一种有趣的现象。
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解2021年考研英语一阅读理解部分的Text 1是关于海洋生物的文章。
下面是原文及逐句讲解：原文：Every year, millions of tons of seawater are lifted into the sky by hurricanes and typhoons, but little is known about how much water animals that live in the ocean can drink. In some ways, this seems like a silly question. After all, fish are surrounded by water, so why would they need to drink it? But the truth is that even though fish live in water, they still need to be able to drink to get enough fluids to survive.逐句讲解：1. Every year, millions of tons of seawater are lifted into the sky by hurricanes and typhoons, but little is known about how much water animals that live in the ocean can drink.每年，数百万吨的海水被飓风和台风升入空中，但对于生活在海洋中的动物能喝多少水知之甚少。
2. In some ways, this seems like a silly question.从某些方面来说，这似乎是个愚蠢的问题。
3. After all, fish are surrounded by water, so why would they need to drink it?毕竟，鱼被水所包围，为什么它们还需要喝水呢？4. But the truth is that even though fish live in water, they still need to be able to drink to get enough fluids to survive. 但事实是，尽管鱼生活在水中，但它们仍然需要喝水以获得足够的液体来生存。
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析2021Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。
当我们听到“同辈（趋同）压力”这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。
这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。
但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, anHIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战”就旨在控制好烟草销售。
考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1994 Text 1Paragraph 11、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。
在这个经济体制里，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。
1.1 organize英/ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ 美/ɔrɡənˌaɪz/vi. 组织起来；成立组织vt. 组织；使有系统化；给予生机；组织成立工会等1.2 basically英/'beɪsɪk(ə)lɪ/ 美/'besɪkli/adv. 主要地，基本上1.3 oriented英/'ɔːrɪentɪd/ 美/'orɪɛntɪd/v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的1.4 determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2、Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 为了获取利润，私有企业主之间互相竞争，来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。
考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案
2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。
退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。
如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析【中国1考网】郭庆民阅读理解第一篇及译文与疑难长句注解和题解To measure welfare we would need a measure of changes in the need our output must satisfy. One aspect, population change, is now handled byconverting output to a per capita basis on the assumption that, other things equal, twice as many people need twice as many goods and services to be equally well off. But an index of needs would also account for differences in the requirements for living as the population bees more urbanized and suburbanized; for the changes in national defense requirements; and for changes in the effect of weather on our needs. The index would have to tell us the cost of meeting our needs in a base year pared with the cost of meeting them equally well under the circumstances prevailingin every other year.Measures of “needs” shade into measure of the human and physical enviro____ent in which we live. We all are enormously affected by the people around us. Can we go where we like without fear of attack? We are also affected by the physical enviro____ent—purity of water and air, accessibility of park land and other conditions. To measure this requires accurate data, but such data are generally deficient. Moreover, weighting is required: to bine robberies and murdersin a crime index; to bine pollution of the Potomac and pollution of Lake Erie into a water pollution index; and then to bine crime and water pollution into some general index. But there is no basis for weighting these beyond individual preference.There are further problems. To measure welfare we would need an index of the “goodness” of the distribution of ine. There is surely consensus that given the same total ine and output, a distribution with fewer families in poverty would be the better, but what is the ideal distribution? Even if we could construct indexes of output, real costs, needs, stateof the enviro____ent, we could not pute a welfare index because we have no system of weights to bine them.1. The author?s primary concern is to .［C］ show defects in a proposal ［D］ review literature relevant to a problem2. The author implies that man?hours is not an appropriate measure of real cost because it .［A］ ignores the conditions under which the output is generated［B］ fails to take into consideration theenviro____ental costs of production［C］ is not an effective method for reducing unemployment3. The most important reason why a single index of welfare cannot be designed is that .［A］ the cost associated with producing the index would be prohibitive［B］ considerable empirical research would have to be done regarding output and needs［C］ any weighting of various measures into a general index would be inherently subjective ［D］ accurate statistics on crime and pollution are not yet available4. An adequate measure of need must take into account all of the following EXCEPT .［A］ change effects on people of the weather［B］ differences in needs of urban and suburban populations［C］ changing requirements for gover____ental programs such as defense［D］ accessibility of park land and other premises5. The author regards the idea of a general index of welfare as .［A］ an unrealistic dream［B］ an important contribution［C］ a future necessity［D］ a desirable change1.index n.指数2.welfare ?n.福利3.well off 富裕的，顺利的4.construct vt.构造，创立5.press n.报刊；通讯社6.Gross National Product(ion) 国民消费总值(GNP)7.convert vt.转换；使改变信仰8.evaluate vt.评价，评估9.incur vt.招致，引起，惹起10.aspect n.方面11.handle vt.处理，运用12.per capita 每人的，人均的13.assumption n.假定，设想；承当14.other things equal 假定其他情况不变的话15.account for 说明；占16.prevail vi.盛行；胜过，占优势17.accessibility n.可接近性，获得的可能性18.deficient a.缺乏的；不完善的19.robbery n.抢劫，盗窃20.distribution n.分配，分发；销售21.consensus n.一致意见，共识22.pute vt.计算，估计1.enormously非常，宏大地2.desirability愿望，希求3.determinant决定因素4.real cost实际本钱5.involuntarily不情愿地，无意地6.vitally极为，生死攸关地7.urbanize使都市化8.suburbanize使市郊化9.shade into逐渐变为1.A glance at it would … index.(第一段)better off是well off(富裕的，处境好的)的比拟级形式，worse off与之意思相反。
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2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。
该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。
说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。
In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.在2006年上映的“穿普拉达的女王（直译，不过我更欣赏另外一个译名，时尚女魔）”中，由梅丽尔斯特里普（人名不必译出）出演的米兰达普利斯特里臭骂她那个倒霉助手的原因就一个，不解风情（unattractive 一词我移到了这里，不然放在前面前后叠句，削弱语言效果），居然不懂时尚。
普利斯特里宣称，这蠢丫头的衣服竟然是深蓝色的，这种款式（sweater，美式俚语中指紧身上衣）早就扔到箱子底了（from fashion shows to department stores and to thebargain bin，直译为从时装展销到百货商店到地摊，即一落千丈之意）。
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.时装行业有自己的规矩（top-down，组织严密的），既不能太老套（outof date，固定搭配，过时），也不能像伊丽莎白席琳在历时三年完成的《时尚》一书中所指责（indictment，判决，但书中的观点显然不是法律）的，搞什么快速时尚，那纯粹是赌这个世界疯不疯（odds，机会，多用于赌博）。
尤其是近十年，科技的进步使得Zara、H&M、Uniqlo等世界各大时装厂商能够更快更准确地对市场需求做出反馈，这也就意味着更快捷的设计（原意为更少浪费的发明，或者说更节俭，但浪费有两种情况，一是物资，一是时间，结合上文的快速，这里指时间），更多次的展示（release有展出之意），更丰厚的利润。
那些吓人的（补句，译注）服装品牌使得脑袋发热的追新族们把服装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么说。
这等于几星期就要重填一次衣柜。
席琳坚称，时装厂商们就靠着玩弄这些只配白菜价的时尚潮流（dirt-cheap，非常廉价），把所有相关产业全都绑在了他们的车上（意译，直译为使所有产业服从于一种周期性变化）。
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.这么做（revolution有革命之意，也是国内英语教材通用的意思，但这里显然不是革命，联系上文周期性变化就能知道，此处指它的另外一个意思，旋转，即频繁更新），折腾的不光是服装设计师。
以H&M为例，他们在全球有2300多家分店，若想同时推出一款售价为5.95美元的超短裙（还能挣到钱，补句），只能从海外劳工的工资上下手，而且，生产过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。
“Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, shefinds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.席琳认为，快速时尚其实就是迈克尔·波伦（美国专栏作家，他认为由于人口大量增加，工业化农业运作与人自身需求的满足产生了矛盾，译注）《杂食动物的困境》一书中所提问题在服装界的镜像，就和快餐一样，纯属用来填饱肚子的，既不好吃也不好看（此句的快速时尚稍难理解，它指的是快速时尚的另外一层含义，由于频繁更新而导致的浪费）。
她算了算，美国人一年购置服装多达二百亿件，相当于每人六十四件，不管这些衣服后来用处如何，光这样大规模生产本身就是浪费。
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her ownclothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.在书末，席琳介绍了一个人，家住布鲁克林（纽约一个区，可能人们最熟悉的是布鲁克林大桥，译注）的SKB（此处可能有误，因为美国人姓名可以用简写，但作为礼节，简写后面必然有点号，而且姓氏应该指出，估计是出题时遗漏或者枪版之误，译注），这位女士自2008年就一直自己缝衣裁布，而且做的不错。
不过席琳也承认，博蒙特（Beaumont，即上句所说的SKB）的手艺花了几十年才学会，以她做例子，难以服众（knock off固定搭配，去除，这个词组有个很少见的意思，成交，本文用的这个）。
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainablywhen they can’t afford to it.几大时装厂商，都在设法减轻劳工和环境的压力，H&M甚至发起了“自觉环保”行动（Conscious Collection是H&M设计的一个时装系列，更多采用比如棉布等天然材料，以利于环保，译注），不过席琳认为除非消费者们改变观念，否则还是白费力气（effect可用作动词，指达到目的）。
席琳的理念从可持续发展的角度是对的，但有些理想化。
毕竟虚荣心人皆有之。