商务英语翻译 第七章 被动语态翻译
实用商务英语翻译教程—— 被动语态的处理
外教一对一实用商务英语翻译教程——被动语态的处理被动语态的处理商务英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等情形下，往往都用被动语态。
汉语中虽然也有被动语态，但是使用范围狭窄得多。
商务英语中被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保留被动语态。
一、保留被动语态在进行英译汉时，语态不变，仍然保持原来的被动语态，但译者常常需要在主谓语之间加上一些汉语中表示被动的介词，如“被”、“给”、“遭”、“为……所”等。
译例l◆Competition in business is regarded to be a means to earn money.译文商业竞争被认为是一种挣钱手段。
译例2> Although Americans today are likely to think that Alger's stories are too good to be true, they continue to be inspired by the idea of earning wealth and success as an entrepreneur who makes it on his own.译文尽管今天美国人有可能认为阿尔杰的故事好得令人难以置信，但是他们却依然为那种自力更生赢得财富和成功的企业家精神所鼓舞。
句中的“they continue to be inspired by the idea of earning wealth a nd success as an entrepreneur who makes it on his own”采用的是被动语态，在翻译成汉语时，可以保持原来的语态，只是在主谓语之间加上汉语中表示被动的介词：“为……所”就可以了。
二、转换成主动语态在有些情况下，可变换语态，将原来的被动语态转换成主动语态，使译文明确易懂。
商务英语翻译 第七章 被动语态翻译
If this suggestion is accepted, it should not be considered as a precedent. 如果此建议被接受，以后不得引以为 不得引以为例。 不得引以为 Problems should be resolved in good time. 有问题要及时加以解决 加以解决。 加以解决 The translation technique should be paid enough attention to. 翻译技巧应予以 应予以足够的重视 应予以
使用被动式与类被动式时表达的意义不同： My house won’t let.(类被动式）我的房子租不出去。 My house will not be let. (被动式）我的房子不出租。 The book does not sell. (类被动式）这本书销售不出去。 The book is not sold. (被动式）这本书尚未出售。 The shirt washed well. ( (类被动式）这衬衣很经洗。 The shirt was washed well. Passive Voice The passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writings of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse (hard to understand). This is a problem which is worth our attention.
商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译
商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译The Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business English学院（系）：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师（职称）：评阅教师：完成日期：I商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译［摘要］被动语态是语言学中较为常见的语法现象。
较汉语而言，英文中使用得更为广泛，尤其是在商务英语这一实用性语体中更是有着举足轻重的地位。
本文共分四章对此课题进行研究，首先对英汉语篇中被动语态做对比分析；接着进一步探究了商务英语中被动语态的分类、功能及运用，商务英语中被动语态的大量使用实现了正式、公正、礼貌、委婉等语用功能,是合作原则与礼貌原则的体现；然后具体介绍了商务英语中被动语态的翻译，由于汉语中较少使用被动语态,因此翻译上应注重功能对等,在措辞上遵循汉语表达的同等语用功能；最后做出总结。
［关键词］商务英语；被动语态；运用；翻译IIThe Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business EnglishEnglish MajorAbstract: The passive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in linguistics. Compared with the Chinese, it is used more widely in English, and it also has a pivotal position in the practical Business English language. This paper is divided into four chapters to discuss this subject. At first，we do comparative analysis of the passive voice in Chinese and English; And then further explore the classification, function and use of passive voice in English. The extensive use of passive voice has achieved formal, impartial, courteous, tactful and other pragmatic functions, which also shows the principle of cooperation and courtesy; then it specifically introduces the translation of passive voice in English. Because the passive voice is less used in Chinese, we should focus on the functional equivalence of translation that is, trying to make the Chinese wording have the same pragmatic function; At last we have a summary.Key words: Business English; passive voice; use; translation strategiesIIIContentsIntroduction (V)Chapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese (2)1.1 The forms of passive voice (2)1.1.1 The form of passive voice in English (2)1.1.2 The form of passive voice in Chinese (2)1.2 The features of passive voice (3)1.2.1 Format (3)1.2.2 The relationship of subject and object (5)1.2.3 The mobility (5)1.3 The factors of using passive voice (5)Chapter 2 Passive V oice in Business English (6)2.1 Classification (6)2.2 Pragmatic function (6)Chapter 3 The Translation Strategies of the Passive Voice in B usiness English (9)3.1 Using passive forms (10)3.2 Using active forms (10)Conclusion (12)References (14)Acknowledgements (XIX)IVIntroductionInternational business activities are increasing in today‟s economic globalization. The English used in the introduction of technology, foreign trade, investment, foreign contracting and labor service contracts, international finance, foreign insurance, overseas investment and other fields are all called Business English. Business communication is the bridge for people to explain views and achieve cooperation, which is inseparable from the speech activities. English as a universal language in the world plays an important role in business verbal communication. Business English is a branch of the English language system, which serves for the specific international business activities. It is based on English vocabulary, basic grammar and sentence structure, but it has a unique language phenomenon and content. From the stylistic features of Business English, we can easily find there are lots of passive sentences, which are not commonly used in Chinese, so we have encountered problems in the translation. It is necessary for us to have a comparison of the differences between English and Chinese. Exploring the use of passive voice in business English discourse and its translation is good for a translator to grasp the original style, make a rational wording and protect the speakers‟interests as well as manifest their courtesy and cooperation.VChapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese1.1 The forms of passive voicePassive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in English which is opposed to the active voice. It composed of different tense of “to be” followed by a verb‟s past participle form and the subject is the bearer of the action. Passive voice can avoid giving others the subjective feeling, so that the text is more objective and formal and the tone will be more tactful. “English passive voice has a variety of forms, and there are strict rules for the structure and syntax. While in Chinese only one word or phrase in the passive form can show the passive voice.”(何自然，1988:42) [1]1.1.1 The form of passive voice in EnglishA. The passive voiceThe passive voice is the most common form to manifest the English passive meaning, in general, it is composed of “be + past participle”or “get / become + past participle”.The passive voice composed of “g et / become + past participle” generally refers to the result of the action rather than the action itself.It often expresses the meaning that something is finally done, something takes place suddenly or someone has a chance encounter. It can also show the “gra dation” of the state, emphasis on action process. For example:[e.g. 1] History is made by the people.The more I hear, the more I get / become troubled.B. The active form expressing the passive meaningThere are some verbs with active form in English which actually are expression of passive meaning. For example,[e.g. 2] The man is drowning = The man is being drowned.1.1.2 The form of passive voice in ChineseUnlike English passive sentence，the Chinese passive sentence doesn‟t change the form. The difference between passive sentence and active sentence lies in the “mark words of the form”. If you don‟t take the semantic level into account, there is no different sign between the form of passive sentences and the general structure of the active sentences. Therefore, the Chinese passive sentence can be also divided into two categories: passive sentence with theVInegative mark and the active form expressing passive meaning. This presentation will help us to compare it in English and Chinese. Chinese passive sentence is verb-predicate sentence and its adverbial is preposition phrase composed of “被”. The subject is the bearer of the verb, and the object is the executer. For example, “敌人被我们消灭了。
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
10
被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
17
被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
商务英语被动语态翻译
商务英语被动语态翻译方法之增译法
增加动词
增加主语
增加修饰语
补充被动语态标志词
商务英语被动语态的翻译技巧
02
词汇翻译技巧
名词翻译：注重专业性和 准确性
动词翻译：强调动作的准 确性和生动性
形容词翻译：注重修饰和 表达方式
副词翻译：强调修饰和表 达方式
句型翻译技巧
动词+by+名词 be+动词的过去分词 be+动词的现在分词 be+动词的过去式
05.
商务英语被动 语态的翻译理 论探讨
06.
商务英语被动 语态的翻译人 才培养
商务英语被动语态的翻译方法
01
商务英语被动语态翻译方法-直译法
直接翻译成汉语 被动句
符合汉语表达习 惯
保留原句主语和 谓语中心词
翻译时无需添加 被动词
意译法
定义：根据原文的意思进行翻译 优点：表达准确，流畅自然 缺点：可能会失去原文的被动语态 应用场景：商务英语翻译中，需要注重原文意思的准确表达
语篇翻译技巧
理解原文：注 意词汇、语法 和语境，确保 准确理解原文
含义。
保持原文风格： 在翻译过程中 保持原文的语 言风格和文体 特点，尽可能 传达原文的情
感和语气。
符合目标语言 习惯：翻译后 的句子要符合 目标语言的语 法和表达习惯， 避免生硬翻译。
保持连贯性： 翻译后的句子 要与整个语篇 保持连贯性， 注意上下文的 逻辑关系和语
翻译人才培养模式
理论学习与实际操作相结合 多元化培训方式，包括课堂教学、实践操作和模拟场景等 培养目标明确，注重翻译技能和专业知识相结合 翻译人才应具备的素质，包括语言能力、专业知识、文化意识和职业道德等
商务翻译被动语态讲解 PPT
人们相信,越来越多得中国人将离开城市搬到郊区去住。
It is hoped that you will be back after you plete your Ph、 D、 in the USA、
被动句式(1):译成汉语得主动式 ① 保留原文中得主语
On their domestic stations, the trade issues were dismissed briefly、 在他们国内电台得广播中,贸易问题只是轻描淡
写地报导了一下。
The president was offered some support from his board of directors、 总经理得到了董事会得一些支持。
众口相传,有关合并得消息不胫而走。 Visitors are requested to e by appointment、 来访者请提前预约。 On such a basis has the question of restructuring the pany been raised、
公司重组得问题就是在这样得基础上提出来得。
their lives in that tedious but unavoidable process known as waiting、 据估计,美国人一生中在乏味却又无法躲避得等待上所花得 时间竟达五年之多。
被动句式(1):译成汉语得主动式 ⑧ 以it为形式主语得被动句得翻译
有些以it为形式主语得英语被动式句子,在翻译成汉语得 时候常要改变成主动形式。译文有时不用加主语,有时则需 要加入一些不确定得主语,比如:“大家、有人、人们、我们” 等,或者将其处理成独立句。例如:
商务英语翻译Unit7详解
汉语有时采用无主句来保持句子的主动式。 应该尽量告诉年轻人吸烟的危害，特别是吸烟上瘾后的可怕后果。 【参考译文】 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. 汉语还可以使用通称或泛称保持句子的主动形式。 It is said that… (有人说，据说) It is well known that… - 大家知道，众所周知 It is generally considered that… - 人们普遍认为 Voices were heard calling for help. 有人听见呼救的声音。
汉语常用主动形式表达英语的被动意义。
Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. - 人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了思想。 Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love. (Romeo and Juliet) - 我宁可死在他们的仇恨之下，也不愿意延长这可恨的生命而 得不到你的爱。
Unit 7
Handshaking or Kissing This Is a Question
A handshake is always considered professional and courteous, and being on the safe side of formal is never a bad thing in a work place situation.
商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译[精]
![商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a1e43f8a5ef7ba0d4a733bd8.png)
2. Two days are given to her for repairing this car. 给了她两天时间来修这辆车。 3. She ate less and less in the evening so that her weight may be decreased. 她晚上吃的越来越少，为的是减肥。
2. It is generally agreed that organizations that with effective manages will likely be successful, whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail. 人们普遍认为，拥有高效胜任的管理人员，公司成 功的可能性更大，而管理人员能力低下的公司则大 多会失败。
第八章被动语态的翻译动语态的翻译汉语和英语的一个重要区别是汉语被动语态的使 用频率远远低于英语。因此，在英汉翻译中如何 处理被动语态显得极为重要。有些英语被动句着 重被动的动作，翻译时为了突出被动意义，可以 译成汉语表示被动的“被”字结构或相似结构， 如，“受、遭、叫、让、给、由、把、得到、受 到、加以、得以、为……所、由……来”等。
3. It may be said without fear of exaggeration that the newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person.
可以毫不夸张地说这种新设计的微型计算 机能够充任盲人的向导。
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补充主语，如“有人、人们、大家、我们” If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them. 如果有人 有人向你提问有关私事的问题，你尽可不答。 有人 Do not be surprised if you are offered milk, coffee or soda with a meal. Be trusted rather than feared feared. 人家相信，不要人家害怕 人家害怕。 宁要人家相信 人家相信 人家害怕
A. Translation into active voice: The novel The Dream of Read Mansion has been translated into many foreign languages. 小说《红楼梦》已译成许多外 editorial “Frankly Speaking” though sometimes turgid and repetitious is read by millions. 他每周的长篇专栏“坦率的话”有时未免有华而不 实、老生常谈的毛病，却仍有千百万人读它。
Translate the following into English: 下午好！ 欢迎大家来到这个完美净白、闪耀钻石光 彩得“美白十进制”得世界，参加OLAY净白莹采系 列大型新闻发布会，见证OLAY净白莹采系列新品---OLAY透白美肌水凝粉底乳在中国正式全面上市。 Good afternoon. Welcome to the perfect whitening and crystal shining world of the “Decimal System”. Thanks for attending the press conference of OLAY white radiance series ----OLAY Translucent Fairness Aqua Foundation in China.
商务英语翻译 第七章 被动语态翻译
Homework 1. Translation the following into Chinese Today , I am delighted to have this opportunity to attend the Annual Meeting of World Economic Forum, and discuss with distinguished statesmen, entrepreneurs and scholars from many countries the prospect of the world economy in the 1990s. 我今天十分高兴有机会参加世界经济论坛年会， 与来自各国的政治家、企业家和学者们讨论90年大 世界经济形式展望。
形式主语“it” 之后的被动式： It may be safely said that … 可以有把握地说 It must be pointed out that… 必须指出 It can be clearly seen that… 可以清楚地看到 It is estimated that… 据估计 It has been calculated that… 据（人们）计算 It has been reported…据报道 It is found that … 有人发现 It was so decided…就此决定 It was made beyond any doubt that…毫无疑问
转换句子成分 1. 把动作发出者译作主语： The poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre. 诗歌吟唱是由 是由七弦琴伴奏的. 是由 伴奏的. 伴奏的 The credit system in American was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美国的学分制是一八七二年在哈佛大学首先实施的。 是
在此，我谨代表宝洁公司，对各位得的光临表示热烈欢 迎，感谢各位朋友对OLAY玉兰油品牌的一贯支持。 Please allow me, on behalf of P & G to extend our warmest welcome to all the guests presenting here today.
原句中没有动作发出者，译作无主句： Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names. 介绍时往往是连名带姓。 Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university as founded at Turku. 赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，在图尔库还建成了一所 大学。
Translation of Passive Voice The passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writings of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse (hard to understand). This is a problem which is worth our attention.
Please allow me to extend my greetings to the President of the Annual Meeting and all the ladies and gentlemen present here. My greetings also go to the government and people of our host, the Swiss Confederation. 请允许我向大会主席，以及与会的女士们、先生们致意； 同时还要对东道主瑞士政府和人民致意。
关于“类被动式” False Active (or: Quasi-Passive) is a language phenomenon, frequently seen in English. It is different from Active and also from Passive. False Active tells the gap between the sentence structure and the sentence meaning, revealing the complication and the inherent law of the language. Studying the difference between Active and False Active, between Passive and False Active can help us obtain a better idea of the original and an accurate version.
补充学习：翻译中概念的引伸 翻译中概念的引伸 1. 具体含义的引申 They have their smile and tears tears. 他们也有自己的欢乐与悲哀。 Every life has its rose and thorns thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜又有苦。 During the war, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medical team. 在战争中，他是一个初出茅庐的外科医生，参加了 巡回医疗队。
使用被动式与类被动式时表达的意义不同： My house won’t let.(类被动式）我的房子租不出去。 My house will not be let. (被动式）我的房子不出租。 The book does not sell. (类被动式）这本书销售不出去。 The book is not sold. (被动式）这本书尚未出售。 The shirt washed well. ( (类被动式）这衬衣很经洗。 The shirt was washed well. (被动式）这衬衣洗得很干净。
A program called a compiler was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer. 编译程序有专家用机器代码编写 用 编写好，然后储存在计算机 编写 中。 Two third of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch. 面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉和白桦林所覆盖 由 所覆盖。 所覆盖 The cyclist was knocked down by a truck. 那个骑车人让一辆卡车撞倒了。
The match wouldn’t strike.(类被动式） 那火材划不着。 He wouldn’t strike the match.(主动式） 他不划那火材。 The pen writes smoothly. (类被动式） 这支书写流畅。 David writes a good hand. (主动式）