2016年托福写作真题及解析

2016年托福写作真题及解析为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题解析,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

2016年托福阅读真题及解析1托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加原文回顾：欧洲经济发展相关，工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。

高速城市化：人们开始从乡下往城镇转移，因此带来了工作，生活资料等一系列的变化。

细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别，考了两个题。

最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。

学习：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of WesternEurope experienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Manycountries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through thenineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances andimproved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases andplagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided abetter diet for the poor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination ofgreater public order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous.The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise andolder people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasants were no longer able to provide land for their children, who wereforced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the citiessuffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in theirown workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrialization isunclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were lateto industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its relatedproblems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demandfor both food and manufactured goods and provided an abundance of cheap labor toproduce them.托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。

注意这篇阅读有地图。

学习：(1)The African Iron Age is traditionally considered that period in Africabetween the second century AD up to about 1000 AD, when iron smelting waspracticed. In Africa, unlike the Europe and Asia, the Iron Age is not prefacedby a Bronze or Copper Age, but rather all the metals were brought together. Theadvantages of iron over stone are obvious--iron is much more efficient at cutting trees or quarrying stone than stone tools. But iron smelting technologyis a smelly, dangerous one. This brief essay covers Iron Age up to the end ofthe first millennium AD.Pre-Industrial Iron Ore TechnologyTo work iron, one must extract the ore from the ground and break it intopieces, then heat the pieces to a temperature of at least 1100 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions.African Iron Age people built a cylindrical clay furnace and used charcoaland a hand-operated bellows to reach the level of heating for smelting. Oncesmelted, the metal was separated from its waste products or slag, and then brought to its shape by repeated hammering and heating, called forging.African Iron Age LifewaysFrom the 2nd century AD to about 1000 AD, the Chifumbaze spread ironthroughout the largest portion of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. The Chifumbaze were farmers of squash, beans, sorghum and millet, and kept cattle,sheep, goats and chickens.They built hill top settlements, at Bosutswe, large villages likeSchroda,and large monumental sites like Great Zimbabwe. Gold, ivory, and glass beadworking and trade was part of many of the societies. Many spoke a form of Bantu;many forms of geometric and schematic rock art are found throughout south andeastern Africa.(2)In Africa, where there was no continent-wide universal Bronze Age, theuse of iron succeeded immediately the use of stone.[14] Metallurgy was characterized by the absence of a Bronze Age, and the transition from stone tosteel in tool substances. Sub-Saharan Africa has produced very early instancesof carbon steel found to be in production around 2000 years ago in northwestTanzania, based on complex preheating principles. Nubia was one of the relatively few places in Africa to have a sustained Bronze Age along with Egyptand much of the rest of North Africa. The Meroitic script was developed in theNapatan Period (c. 700–300 BC).Iron Age finds in East and Southern Africa, corresponding to the early 1stmillennium Bantu expansion.托福阅读第三篇美国铁路的发展和影响原文回顾：说的是讲美国铁路发展和影响，先说了铁路给人们带来了很多好处，后面还说铁路比其他交通工具更为广泛。

然后大概说17世纪的几个铁路说明跨越疆域的时间变得有多短。