管道专业词汇

管道专业词汇汉语词英语词英语缩写1.阀门类１．１常用阀闸阀Gate valve截止阀（球心阀）Globe valve节流阀Throttle valve TRV针型阀Needle valve角阀（角式截止阀）Angle valveＹ型阀（Ｙ型截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)球阀Ball valve三通球阀3-Way ball valve蝶阀Butterfly valve柱塞阀Piston type valve旋塞阀Plug valve三通旋塞阀3-Way cock valve旋塞Cock隔膜阀Diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀Check valve１．２其它阀安全泄汽阀（安全阀）Safety valve SV安全泄液阀（卸荷阀）Relief valve安　全　泄　压　阀Safety relief valve罐　底　排　污　阀Flush-bottom tank valve波　纹　管　密　封　阀Bellow sealed valve电　磁　阀Solenoid valve电　动　阀Electrically operated valve气　动　阀Pneumatic operated valve低　温　用　阀Cryogenic service valve蒸　汽　疏　水　阀Steam trap T呼　吸　阀Breather valve减　压　阀Reducing valve RV控　制　阀　．调　节　阀Control valve１．３　不表明结构的阀手　动　控　制　阀Hand control valve HCV 调　节　阀Regulating valve快　开　阀Quick opening valve快　闭　阀Quick closing valve隔　断　阀Isolating valve三　通　阀3-Way valve夹　套　阀Jacketed valve排　污　阀Blowdown valve排　液　阀Drain valve放　空　阀Vent valve VTV 卸　载　阀Unloading valve排　出　阀Discharge valve吸　入　阀Suction valve多　路　阀Multiport valve取　样　阀Sampling valve手　动　阀Hand operated valve, Manually operated valve旁　路　阀By-pass valve冲　洗　阀Flush valve根　部　阀Root valve, Primary valve, Header valve底　阀Foot valve２．　管子与连接２．１　管　子管子（标准规格　）Pipe管子（非标规格　）Tube钢　管Steel pipe铸　铁　管Cast iron pipe衬　里　管Lined pipe复合管（包复金属管）Clad pipe碳　钢　管Carbon pipe合　金　钢　管Alloy steel pipe不　锈　钢　管Stainless steel valve奥氏体不锈钢管Austenitic stainless steel pipe铁素体合金钢管Ferric alloy steel pipe无　缝　钢　管Seamless steel pipe焊　接　钢　管Welded steel pipe水煤气钢管Water-gas steel pipe塑料管Plastic pipe玻璃管Glass tube橡胶管Rubber tube壁厚系列号（管子表号）Schedule number Sch.NO 壁厚Wall thickness W.T ２．２　管子零件弯头Elbow异径弯头Reducing elbow长半径弯头Long radius elbow LRE短半径弯头Short radius elbow SRE１８０°弯头（回弯头）Return elbow三通（Ｔ型三通）Tee异径三通Reducing tee等径三通Straight tee４５°三通450Lateral正三通（Ｙ型三通）True"Y"四通（十字通）Cross异径管（大小头）Reducer RED同心异径管Concentric reducer CON偏心异径管Eccentric reducer ECC支管连接Branch connection支管台（凹台）Boss活接头Union管接头（管箍）Couling, Full coupling管帽Cap C短节（短管）Nipple NIP管堵（丝堵）Plug PLG焊接管帽welded cap WC盲板，管道盲板Blank, Blind, Line blank L.B８字盲板Spectacle blank特殊管件Special pipe fittings S.P２．３　连接对焊的Butt welded BW法兰的Flanged FLGD螺纹的Threaded THD承插的Belled对焊连接Butt welded joint BW法兰连接Flanged joint螺纹连接Threaded joint T管螺纹连接Pipe threaded joint承插焊连接Socket welding flange SW承插连接，套筒连接Bell and spigot joint整体法兰Integral pipe flange螺纹法兰Threaded flange THDF 承插焊法兰Socket welding flange松套法兰Lap joint flange LJF对焊法兰Weld neck flange WNF 平焊法兰Slip on flange, Slip on weld flange板式平焊法兰Welding plate flange松套板式法兰Loose plate flange滑套法兰（平焊法兰）Slip-on-welding flange法兰盖Blind flange,Blind孔板法兰Orifice flange异径法兰Reducing flange BCD 螺拴圆直径Bolt circle diameter法兰面Flange facing,facing of flange FOF光面，光滑面Plain face PF突面Raised face RF凹凸面Male-female(Seal contact )face MFM 凸面Male face MF凹面Female face FMF榫槽面Tongue groove face TGF榫面Tongue face TF槽面Groove face GF环连接面，梯型槽密封面Ring joint face RJF全平面，满平面Flat face,Full face FF光滑突面Smooth raised face SRF螺拴热紧Bolt hot tightening螺拴冷紧Bolt cold tightening螺纹管帽Threaded cap THDC 螺纹焊管座Threaded let THLET承插焊管座Socket welded let SWLET 垫片Gasket非金属包覆垫片Non-metallic jacked gasket金属包覆垫片Metallic jacket gasket缠绕式垫片Spiral wound gasket内环Inner ring外环Outer ring金属垫片Metallic gasket３．　管道附件３．１　组件气液分离器Gas-liquid separation阻火器Flame arrested(Flame trap)临时粗滤器Temporary strainer永久粗滤器（固定粗滤器）Permanent strainerＹ型粗滤器Y-type strainerＴ型粗滤器T-type strainer网状粗滤器Gauge strainer粗滤器Strainer过滤器Filter永久过滤器Permanent filter消音器（消声器）Silencer视镜Sight glass(Sight flow glass)浮球式视镜Floating ball sight flow indicator全视镜Full view sigh flow indicator取样冷却器Sample cooler喷嘴，喷头Spray nozzle喷射器Ejector洗眼器Eye washer E.W膨胀节（伸缩接头）Expansion joint波纹膨胀节Bellow expansion joint球型补偿器Ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器Slip type(packed type)expansion joint安全淋浴器Safety shower S.S ３．２　元件排液漏斗Drain funnel爆破板Rupture disk RP 限流孔板Restriction orifice RO 混合孔板Mixing orifice软管接头Hose connection HC 金属软管Metal hose橡胶管Rubber hose挠性管（柔性管）Flexible hose快速接头Quick coupling旋转接头Swivel joint减压器Reducer RED４．　材料４．１　金属材料碳钢Carbon steel C.S 合金钢Alloy steel合金结构钢Structural alloy steel工具钢Tool steel不锈钢Stainless steel S.S 奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel锻钢Forged steel铸钢Cast steel铸铁Cast iron C.I 灰铸铁Grey cast iron可锻铸铁Malleable iron M.I 球墨铸铁Nodular cast iron, Nodular cast graphite iron高硅铸铁High silicon cast iron铝Aluminum铜Copper黄铜Brass铝镁合金Aluminum magnesium蒙乃尔合金（镍铜合金）Monel钛Titanium铅Lead型钢Shaped steel槽钢Channel工字钢（工字梁）I-Beam宽翼线工字钢（Ｈ钢）Wide flanged beamＴ字钢T-Bar方钢Square Bar扁钢Flat Bar园钢Round steel,rod钢带Strap steel钢板Plate网纹钢板Checkered plate４．２　非金属材料塑料Plastic丙烯睛．丁二烯．苯乙烯橡胶Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber ABS聚乙烯Polyethylene PE聚氯乙烯Ploy vinyl chloride PVC氯化聚氯乙烯Chlorinated ploy vinyl chloride CPVC聚丙烯Polypropylene PP聚苯乙烯Polystyrene PS氯化聚醚Chlorinated polyether CPE聚碳酸酯Polycarbonate PC有机玻璃Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA聚四氟乙烯Polytetrafluoroethlene PTFE碳纤维Carbon fiber CAR聚三氟氯乙烯Poly chlorotrifluoroethylene PCTFE氯化聚乙烯Chlorinated poly ethylene CPE;CM氯磺化聚乙烯Chlorosulfonated polyethylene CSM;CSPR 环氧树脂Epoxy resin EP泡沫聚苯乙烯Expanded poly styrene EPS玻璃纤维增强聚酯Glass fiber reinforced polyester FRP丁腈橡胶Nitride butadiene rubber NBR氯丁橡胶Neoprene rubber天然橡胶Natural rubber NR丁基橡胶Butyl rubber PIBI丁苯橡胶Styrene-Butadiene rubber SBR顺丁橡胶Cis-polybutadiene rubber CBR不饱和聚酯Unsaturated polyester UP耐火砖Fire brick陶瓷Ceramic搪瓷Porcelain enamel石棉Asbest５．　设备安装５．１　布置装置边界Battery limit B.L边界内Inside battery limit I.S.B.L 边界外Outside battery limit O.S.B.L.中心线Center line接续线Match line M.L.Equipment arrangment; Equipment layout;Plot plan设备布置标高，高程，立面图Elevation EL绝对标高Absolute elevation坐标Coordinate坐标原点Origin of coordinate装置北Plant north真实北true north TN方位Orientation危险区Hazardous area铺砌区Paving area非铺砌区Unpaving area楼面Floor地面标高Ground level GL平台Platform PF场地Yard管廊Pipe rack电缆槽（架）Cable tray(channel)建筑物Building钢结构Steel structure基础Foundation柱Colun; Post; Stanchion梁Beam桁架Girder墙Wall吊装孔Erection opening吊梁Hoisting beam HB架顶面Top of support TOS 钢结构顶面Top of steel TOS 混凝土顶面Top of concrete TOC 梁顶面Top of Beam TOB 板表面Plat face PLATF 吊勾Hook顶面，上面Top TOP 底面，底下Bottom BOT 支撑点Point of support POS固定点Fixed point FP建筑北Construction north设计北Design north DN电缆沟Electric cable duct; Electrical trench管沟Pipe trench明沟Open trench明火地点Open fire place散发火花地点Send-out spark place防火间距fire protection spacing支架间距Support spacing地面坡度Ground grade吊装孔Erection opening道路Road地面Ground;Ground level GRD 内径Inside Diameter ID外径Outside Diameter OD公称直径Nominal diameter;Nominal(pipe)size DN公称压力Nominal pressure PN切线Tangent line TL中心线Center line门Gate窗Window地下Under ground UG底板底面Bottom of base plate BBP 控置室Control room配电室Substation变压器室Transformer room通风室Ventilation room更衣室Locker room贮藏室Storage room维修室Maintenance room盥洗室，厕所Closte;Toilet;Washroom W.C 办工室Office门卫室，传达室Entrance guard room;Janitor's room接待室，会客室Reception room地秤室Weigh-bridge room泵房Pump house;Pump room压缩机室Compressor house(room)电池室Battery room消防栓Fire plug FPL 电气盘Electrical panel仪表盘Instrument panel就地盘Local panel５．２　设备塔Tower;Column洗涤塔Scrubber吸收塔Absorber冷却塔Cooling tower精馏塔Fractionating tower换热器Heat exchanger空冷器Air cooler水冷却器Water cooler冷却器Condenser螺旋板换热器Spiral plate exchanger套管换热器Double pipe heat exchanger石墨换热器Graphite heat exchanger板片换热器Plate type heat exchanger板翅式换热器Plate-fin heat exchanger板式塔Plate tower填料塔Floating distillation tower浮阀塔Valve tower贮罐Tank缓冲器Knock-out drum混合罐Mixing tank(drum)浮顶罐Floating roof tank;Pontoon roof tank内浮顶罐Floating internal roof tank固定顶罐Stationary roof tank卧式储罐Horizontal tank球罐Spheroid;Spherical tank罐，鼓，筒，桶Drum气柜Gas bolder螺旋式气柜Helical gas-holder湿式气柜Wet gas holder干式气柜Dry gas- holder离心泵Centrifugal pump涡轮泵Turbine pump旋涡泵Vortex pump转子泵Rotary pump齿轮泵Gear pump内啮合齿轮泵Internal gear rotary pump;Crescen gear pump螺杆泵Screw pump柱塞泵Plunger pump双作用往复泵Double action reciprocating pump计量泵，定量泵Metering pump泥浆泵Slurry pump;Sludge pump;Mud pump管道泵Inline pump手摇泵Hand pump; Wobble pump深井泵Deep well pump输送泵Transfer pump; Delivery pump屏蔽泵Shielding can-type pump; Canned pump液下泵Submerged pump; Submersible pump潜水泵Submerged pump; Immersible pump多级泵Stage pump; Multistage pump立式泵Vertical pump;Magnetic transmission pump; Magnetic coupled pump 磁力泵气动泵Pneumatic pump轴流泵Axial flow pump混流泵Mixed flow pump陶瓷泵Ceramic pump陶制泵Stoneware pump自吸泵Self suction pump; Self priming pump消防泵Fire pump真空泵Vacuum pump叶片式真空泵Vane vacuum pump水环式真空泵（压缩机）Water ring vacuum pump(compressor)液环泵（压缩机）Liquid ring pump(compressor)活塞式压缩机Piston compressor螺杆压缩机Helical screw compressor离心压缩机Centrifugal compressor多级压缩机Multiple stages compressor往复式压缩机Reciprocating compressor风机，风扇Fan; Van鼓风机Blower离心机Centrifuger离心分离机Centrifugal separator离心过滤机centrifugal filter压滤机Pressure filter板框式压滤机Plate and frame filter press厢式压滤机Box type filer press带式过滤机Belt filter转鼓式过滤机Rotating drum type filter盘式过滤机Tray filter板式塔Plate tower填料塔Packed tower; Packed column浮阀塔Valve tower; Floating distillation tower带式（皮带）运输机Ribbon conveyer; Belt conveyerScrew convery; Spirla conveyer; Worm conveyer 螺旋输送机加热器Heater搅拌器Agitator炉子Furnace烟囱Stack火炬Flare锅炉Boiler发电机Generator汽轮机Steam turbine电动机Motor起重机，吊车Crane板式起重机Bridge crane吊车梁Crane beam; Hoist beam电动葫芦Motor hoist; Electric hoist; Electric block成套设备Package unit附属设备，附件Attachment equipment干燥器Dryer混合器Mixer蒸发器Evaporator萃取器Extractor结晶器Crystalliger澄清器Gravity settler喷射器Ejector喷头Sprayer分离器Separator旋风分离器，旋风除尘器Cyclone;Cyclone separator device布袋收尘器Cloth envelop collectionElectrostatic precipitator; Electridust precipitator电除尘器除尘器，吸尘器Duster; Dust arrester振动筛Vibrating screen;Riddler;Oscillating sieve破碎机Breaker; Cracker mill; Crusher; Crushing mill颚式破碎机Jaw breaker; Jaw crusher; Alligator粉碎机，磨碎机Grinder; Pulverizer; Disintegrator;Atomizer提升机，卷扬机Hoister; Lifter; Gig; Elevator斗式提升机Bucket elevator电梯Electrical lift; Elevator泡沫站Foam station软管站Hose station H.S ６．　管道布置６．１　设计文件管道布置Piping assembly; Piping layout管道布置平面Piping arrangement plan PAP 管道研究Piping study＂Ｘ＂　视图View "X"＂Ａ－Ａ＂　视图Section "A-A"详图Detail drawing轴测图，空视图Isometric drawing索引图Key plan接续图Continue on drawing COD 管道及仪表流程图Piping and Instrument diagram P&ID 工艺控制图Process control diagram工艺流程图Process flow diagram公用工程流程图Utility flow diagram UFD 总　图Genera plan总平面布置图General arrangement plan放大图Enlarged view节点Node地上Above ground AG 地下Under ground UG 地面Ground GRD 附图Figue草图Sketch图例Legend符号Symbol比例Scale蒸汽伴管Steam tracing热水伴管Hot-water tracing电伴热Electrical tracing夹套管Jacketed tracing高压High pressure H.P.中压Medium pressure M.P.低压Low pressure L.P.大气，大气压Atmosphere ATM 工作压力，操作压力Operating pressure; Working pressure设计压力Design pressure工作温度，操作温度Operating temperature设计温度Design temperature管口Nozzle取样接口Sampling connection S.C清除口，清洗口Clean out C.O排出口Exhaust出口Outlet; Discharge DISCH 入口Inlet; suction INLET 连接，接头Connection管口方位Nozzle orientation排液Drain放空Vent VENT 污水坑，污水池Sump pit地坑，井Pit地漏Floor drain F.D下水管Sewer人孔Manhole M.H 手孔Handhole H.H关闭后加铅封（封关）Car seal close C.S.C 开启后加铅封（封开）Car seal open C.S.O 关闭后加锁（锁关）Locked closed L.C开启后加锁（锁开）Locked closed L.O正常时关闭Normally close N.C正常时开启Normally open N.O故障时关闭Valve closes on failure of actuating energy FC故障时开启Valve opens on failure of actuating energy FO垂直，正交Perpendicular平行Parallel管顶Top of pipe TOP 管底Bottom of pipe BOP 管内底Invert,Inside bottom of pipe INV底平Flat on bottom FOB 顶平Flat on top FOT 水平的，卧式的Horizontal HOR 立式的，垂直的Vertical VERT 水平安装Horizontal installation垂直安装Vertical installation管件直连Fitting to fitting FTF管间距Line spacing管道跨距Line span管道等级Piping class管道材料规定Piping material specification等级分界Material Specification break隔热分界Insulation break管道附件Piping attachment管道元件Piping element面至面Face to Face F-F中心至面Center to Face C-F 中心至中心Center to Center C-C 中心至端面Center to End C-E 坡度Slope; Grade公称直径Nominal Diameter DN公称压力Nominal pressure PN外径Outside Diameter OD内径Inside Diameter ID螺栓圆直径Bolt circle B.C 软管接头Hose connection HC管段，短管Spool piece; Spool可拆短管Removable joint spool RSP 直管Run pipe; Straight pipe弯管Bend管内底标高Invert elevation IE不许出现袋形Not allow pocket NO.P 孔板Orifice plate孔，洞Hole低点标高Low point elevation LP.LE 低点Low point LP高点High point HP平台Platform; Flat; Floor; Surface plate PF袋形管Bag-Shape pipe外壳(outside)Shell;Case(shell);Casing;Cover６．２　管道安装管托Shoe管卡Clamp管架Piping support支耳LugＵ型卡Clevice带状卡Strap clamp托座Stool吊耳Ear导向板，夹板Cleat底板Base plate顶板Top plate予埋件Embedded part; Inserted plate 支承环Ring加强板Stiffener垫片（垫平用）Shim锚固件Clip预焊件（设备上）Clip(on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate连接板Tie plate连接杆Tie rod限制杆Limit rod鞍座Saddle裙座Skirt支承架Resting support滑动架Sliding support固定架Anchor导向架Guide吊架Hanger弹簧架Spring support弹簧托Resting type spring support 弹簧吊架Spring hanger恒力吊架Constant hanger滚动支架Rolling hanger减振器Snubber悬臂架Cantilever support三角架Triangular support支腿Legｎ型管架n-type supportＬ型管架L-type support柱式管架Pole type support墙架Support on wall管墩，低管架Sleeper特殊管架Special support（予埋螺栓）伸出长度Extrusion对中心，找正Alignment跨度Span力矩Moment弯矩Bending moment扭矩Torque荷载Load反力Reaction位移Displacement角位移Angular rotation冷紧，冷拉Cold spring约束Restraint固定点Fix point; Anchor point应力Stress惯性矩Moment of inertia断面系数Section modules安全系数Safety factor６．３　焊接与热处理电弧焊Arc welding电熔焊Electric fusion welding EFW 气熔焊Fusion gas welding FGW 电阻焊Electric resistance welding ERW 气焊Gas welding; flame welding等离子焊Plasma welding电渣焊Electroslag welding焊条Welding electrode(rod)焊丝Welding wire平焊Flat welding角焊Fillet welding间断焊Intermittent welding点焊Spot welding对焊Butt welding搭焊Lap welding现场焊Field weld F.W 工厂（车间）焊接Shop weld坡口Groove无损检验Non-Destruction testing肉眼检验，外观检验Visual testing超声波探伤Ultrasonic test磁粉探伤Magnetic particle test荧光渗透试验Fluorescent penetrate inspection水压试验Hydraulic testing气压试验Pneumatic testing退火Annealing回火Tempering正火Normalizing淬火Quenching调质Quenching and tempering高频淬火Induction hardening渗氮Nitrogen case-hardening渗碳Carbonization６．４　隔热及涂漆玻璃棉Glass wool岩棉Rock wool泡沫玻璃Foam glass; Cellular glass硅酸钙Calcium silicate硅酸铝纤维Aluminosilicace fiber珍珠岩Perlite泡沫混凝土Foamed concrete; Cellular concrete蛭石Vermiculite矿渣棉Mineral wool硅藻土Kieselguhr; Diatomite石棉板Asbestos board石棉布Asbestos cloth聚氨酯Polyurethane泡沫聚苯乙烯Cellular polystyrene玻璃布Glass(fiber) cloth沥青Asphalt油毡Asphalt felt镀锌铁丝Galvanized wire镀锌铁丝网Galvanized wire mesh管壳Shell毡（被）Blanket镀锌铁皮Galvanized (sheet) iron铝板Aluminum sheet隔热，隔离，绝缘Insulation INS 保温Hot instruction保冷Cold instruction人身保护Personal protection隔音Sound insulation吸声Sound-absorbing导热系数Thermal conductivity factor支承环Support ring分贝Decibel涂漆Painting底漆Primary coat; Bottom coat面漆Finishing coat防锈漆Antirust paint醇酸瓷漆Alkyd enamel酚醛漆Phenolic paint沥青漆Bituminous paint聚氨酯漆Polyurethane paint有机硅漆Organic silicon paint环氧树脂漆Epoxy resin paint过氯乙烯漆Ethylene perchloride paint无机富锌漆Inorganic zinc-rich paint６．５　紧固件螺栓Bolt六角头螺栓Hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓Square head bolt双头螺栓Stud bolt环头螺栓Eye bolt沉头螺栓Countersunk(head) screw地脚螺栓Anchor bolt; Foundation bolt松紧节，花兰螺栓TurnbuckleＵ型螺栓U-boltＴ型螺栓T-bolt自攻螺钉Self tapping screw膨胀螺栓Expansion bolt六角螺母Hexagonal nut方螺母Square washer蝶形螺母Wing nut锁紧螺母Lock nut垫圈Washer方垫圈Square Washer斜垫圈Slant Washer弹簧垫圈Spring washer开口销Cotter pin定位销Dowel pin铆钉Rivet右螺纹Right hand thread管螺纹Pipe thread锥管螺纹Taper pipe thread直管螺纹Straight pipe thread美国标准直管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread NPT 管子内螺纹Internal pipe thread IPT 梯形螺纹Trapezoid thread公制螺纹Metric thread粗牙螺纹Coarse thread通长螺纹，全螺纹Full thread粗制的Coarse精制的Finished; Fine７．　相关词语基础设计Basic design详细设计Detail design规划布置阶段Planning stage初步阶段Preliminary stage分析设计阶段Analytical Engineering phase成品设计阶段Production design phase先期确认图纸资料Advanced certified final ACF最终确认图纸资料Certified final CF数据表Data sheet设计文件Design document设计注释Design note设计规定Design specification SPEC设计规定汇总表Design specification summary sheet DSSS详细设计版Detail design issue DDI用户变更通知Client change notice CCN命名表，管道表Nomenclature规划研究版设计布置图Planning plot plan概略版设备布置图Conceptual plot plan投标版设备布置图Proposal plot plan合同版设备布置图Award plot plan送审版设备布置图Approval plot plan成品版设备布置图Production plot plan施工版设备布置图Construction plot plan工作程序Working procedure界区条件Battery limit condition标准Standard STD;STAND 参考，基准Reference开工会议Kick-off meeting K.O.M项目审核会Project review meeting厂商协调会Vender co-ordinative meeting VCM项目进展情况报告Project status report PSR顾客Client; Customer承包Contractor安装Erection建设Construction试车Commissioning说明Description待定Hold版次Issue修改，修订Revision; Modify REV审核提纲Check list审定Approved APVD校核Checked CHKD制图By BY部门Department部，科，室Division专业Discipline图号Drawing number DWG.No.项目Project项目号Job No.Job.No.工厂，装置Plant买方（供货）By buyer B.B卖方（供货）By seller B.S制造厂（供货）By vender B.V由仪表（专业负责）By instrument B.INST 铭牌Name plate询价Inquire净正吸入压头Net positive suction head静电接地Static grounding分散控制系统Distributed Control Systems DCS附件Attachment合同号Contract number Cont.No.外汇Foreign exchange备忘录Memorandum公章Official seal索赔Claim indemnity交货付款Cash on delivery C.O.D摄氏Centigrade C华氏Fahrenheit F国际单位制System International SI美国材料试验协会American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM阀门及配件制造工业标准Manufacturers'Standardization Society of Valve MSS化协会（美）and Fittings Industry全国消防协会（美）National Fire Protection Association NFPA石油管线协会（美）Association of Oil Pipe Lines AOPL美国国家标准协会（美）American National Standard Institute ANSI美国机械工程师学会American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME国际标准化组织International Organization for Standardization ISO国际电工技术委员会International Electrotechnical Commission IEC美国石油学会American Petroleum Institute API美国自来水厂协会American Water Works Association AWWA 美国仪表学会Instrument Society of American ISA全国电气制造商协会（美）National Electrical Manufactures Association NEMA 日本工业标准Japanese Industrial Standard JIS加拿大标准协会Canadian Standard Association CAS英国标准British Standard BS德国工业标准Deutsche Industrie Norm DIN。