太阳能电池专业英语
太阳能电池行业英语词汇3
KkT, 热学能量(k= Boltzmann常数, 1.381x10-23 J/K, T = Kelvin绝对温度)kWh：千瓦时，能量的单位。
1kW=1000瓦，是一千瓦的灯泡亮一个小时锁消耗的能量. kWp, peak：指的是最大的功率点，单位是千瓦，一般太阳能逆变器的功率就是指的是最大功率。
LLaminate：一种薄片材料，来保护电池板芯片，例如EVA或Tedlar。
通过该物质将电池板芯片整个用透明的物质密封起来，一方面保护电池板芯片，另外一方面还要保持阳光的穿透力。
Light trapping：光的增透，在光完全被电池板吸收前，进入电池板的光通过反射和内表面的阻碍，光的增透对薄层电池板有着非常特别的意义，表面处理技术起着重要的作用。
MMajority charge carrier：多子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在p型多子是空穴，n型多子则是电子。
Marginal cost payment time ：接收太阳能发电，向电网传输所获的收益，因此到一定的是将将收回太阳能设备的投资成本，这段时间叫做成本收回时间。
Metal-Insolator-Silicon：缩写MIS，金属绝缘硅，这种电池板类型包含与传统电池板的不同是没有PN结，这个电荷分离功能满足这里从打入铯原子的氧化硅里出来的电子反转层。
优点是简化生产过程，不需要高温来掺杂。
Minority charge carrier：少子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在n型多子是空穴，p型多子则是电子。
Module effinciency：电池板模块的效率。
Module rated power：额定功率，电池板最大可能的输出功率，当太阳垂直照在电池板上时，单位为瓦特。
Module：电池板模块，将很多的太阳能发电单元联接，然后封闭后的电池板单元。
之后可以灵活串联并联。
Mono crystal silicon：单晶硅Mono crystal Silicon：单晶硅，纯净的晶体硅MPP （max power point）：最大功率点，在这个点上更具I-U曲线，电池板可以提供最大的功率，通过MPP的跟踪和控制可以在各种情况下找到最大功率点从而使电池板的发电效率提高。
太阳的能电池行业英语的词汇3
KkT, 热学能量(k= Boltzmann常数, 1.381x10-23 J/K, T = Kelvin绝对温度)kWh：千瓦时，能量的单位。
1kW=1000瓦，是一千瓦的灯泡亮一个小时锁消耗的能量. kWp, peak：指的是最大的功率点，单位是千瓦，一般太阳能逆变器的功率就是指的是最大功率。
LLaminate：一种薄片材料，来保护电池板芯片，例如EVA或Tedlar。
通过该物质将电池板芯片整个用透明的物质密封起来，一方面保护电池板芯片，另外一方面还要保持阳光的穿透力。
Light trapping：光的增透，在光完全被电池板吸收前，进入电池板的光通过反射和内表面的阻碍，光的增透对薄层电池板有着非常特别的意义，表面处理技术起着重要的作用。
MMajority charge carrier：多子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在p型多子是空穴，n型多子则是电子。
Marginal cost payment time ：接收太阳能发电，向电网传输所获的收益，因此到一定的是将将收回太阳能设备的投资成本，这段时间叫做成本收回时间。
Metal-Insolator-Silicon：缩写MIS，金属绝缘硅，这种电池板类型包含与传统电池板的不同是没有PN结，这个电荷分离功能满足这里从打入铯原子的氧化硅里出来的电子反转层。
优点是简化生产过程，不需要高温来掺杂。
Minority charge carrier：少子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在n型多子是空穴，p型多子则是电子。
Module effinciency：电池板模块的效率。
Module rated power：额定功率，电池板最大可能的输出功率，当太阳垂直照在电池板上时，单位为瓦特。
Module：电池板模块，将很多的太阳能发电单元联接，然后封闭后的电池板单元。
之后可以灵活串联并联。
Mono crystal silicon：单晶硅Mono crystal Silicon：单晶硅，纯净的晶体硅MPP （max power point）：最大功率点，在这个点上更具I-U曲线，电池板可以提供最大的功率，通过MPP的跟踪和控制可以在各种情况下找到最大功率点从而使电池板的发电效率提高。
光伏太阳能专业英语词汇集锦
AC交流电Alternating currentAmorphous silicon solar cell 非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-film solar cells are usually produced by evaporating several semi-conductor films onto a so-called "substrate"Ampère 安培Unit indicating the strength of electric currentAssembling system 集成系统System to install solar modules on roofs, façades or in the field.Azimuth angle 方位角Describes the deviation from the South towards East-western directionBuilding-integrated PV (BIPV)Used to describe a structure where PV replaces conventional materials and is integrated into the building. Typically, a photovoltaic array is incorporated into the roof or walls of a building. Roof tiles with integrated PV cells can now be purchased. Arrays can also be retrofitted into existing buildings; in this case they are usually fitted on top of the existing roof structure. Alternatively, an array can be located separately from the building but connected by cable to supply power for the building.By-pass diode 旁路二极管Conducts the electricity automatically past a module in case it is shadowed in one series. This is supposed to prevent any destruction due to overheating.Circuit 电路A system of conductors that convey electricity.CdTe solar cell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-film solar cell made of very thin CdTe semi-conductor films (< 3 microns)CIS solar cellThin-film solar cell made of several films of differently doped copper-indium-diselenideCircuit breaker 断路开关A safety device that shuts off power when it senses too much current.Combiner box 和路箱Where the electrical wiring from the PV modules is joined together in parallel to combine electrical currents.Conductor 导体A material that is used to convey electricity, i.e. wires.Conversion efficiency 转换效率The percentage of electricity that is created by a solar cell as compared to the amount of energy needed to generate that electricity.Current 电流The flow of electricity between two points. Measured in amps.DC 直流电Direct currentEnergetic amortization period 能量偿还期Period of time a photovoltaic system requires to produce the energy required for production. Efficiency 功率The ratio of output energy to input energy.Electrical grid 电网A large distribution network that delivers electricity over a wide area.Electrode 电极A conductor used to lead current into or out of a nonmetallic part of a circuit.Energy 能量Usable power. Measured in kWh.Energy audit 能量审核A process that determines how much energy you use in your house or apartment.Energy yield 能量输出Electric energy indicated in kWh yielded by a photovoltaic systemENSEquipment to control the grid with attributed all-pole control element in series. The ENS includes a redundant voltage and frequency control of the electricity grid and evaluates any leaps ascertained in the grid impedance. If the set limits are exceeded, the ENS will switch off the inverter. When the line voltage is re-established, the inverter will restart operation automatically. European efficiency rateWeighted efficiency rate is calculated by weighting different partial load efficiency rates and the full-load efficiency rate in line with the frequency of their appearance.Facade system 正面系统Photovoltaic system installed on the facade of a building or an integral part of a facade.Feed-in meter 输入计Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy into the public power grid (unit in kWh) Mismatching interconnection of better and worse modules in one string as a consequence of which the worst module of one series determines the electricity.Field system 野外系统Photovoltaic system installed in a fieldFlat-roof system 平台屋顶系统Photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof.Fossil fuels 矿物燃料Fuels that are formed underground from the remains of dead plants and animals. i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal are fossil fuels.Global radiation 总辐射Sum of diffuse, direct and reflected solar radiation onto a horizontal surface.Greenhouse effect 温室效应When heat from the sun becomes trapped in the Earth's atmosphere due to certain gases. Greenhouse gases 温室气体The gases responsible for trapping heat from the sun within the Earth's atmosphere. i.e. water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.Grid 电网A distribution network, including towers, poles, and wires that a utility uses to deliver electricity. Grid-connected PV system 并网光伏系统When the electricity grid is available but electricity from a clean source (solar) is desired, solar panels can be connected to the grid. Provided that sufficient panels are placed, the appliances inthe house/building will then run on solar electricity. A grid-connected solar electricity system basically consists of one or more solar panels, an inverter, cables, the electric load and a support structure to mount the solar panels.Hertz (HZ) 赫兹The frequency of electrical current described in cycles per second, i.e. Appliances in the United States use 60 HZ.Inverter 逆变器Converts the DC output of the PV system into usable AC output that can be fed directly into the building load.Irradiance 辐照度the amount of solar energy that strikes a surface during a specific time period. Measured in kilowatts.I-V curve IV曲线A graph that plots the current versus the voltage from the solar cell as the electrical load (or resistance) is increased from short circuit (no load) to open circuit (maximum voltage). The shape of the curve characterizing cell performance. Three important points on the IV curve are the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak or maximum power (operating) point. Junction box The point on a solar module where it connects, or is strung, to other solar modules. In-roof installation 镶嵌屋顶系统Photovoltaic system which is integrated into the roof claddingIsland system 独立系统Grid-independent power supply systemkWh – kilowatt hourUnit indicating energy/work and corresponding with the performance of one kilowatt during a period of one hourkWp - Kilowatt peakUnit indicating the maximum performance under standard test concitions (STC)Load 负载The amount of electrical demand used in the building at any given time.Mono-crystalline silicon solar cell 单晶硅太阳能系统Basic raw material is a monocrystal drawn from melted silicon.Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池Basic raw material is solar silicon cast in blocks.National Electrical Code (NEC) 国家电气代码The U.S. minimum inspection requirements for all types of electrical installations, including solar systems.National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 国家电力生产商协会The U.S. trade association that develops standards for the electrical manufacturing industry. NREL The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 国家可再生能源实验室A national lab that concentrates on studying and developing renewable energy sources.Open circuit voltage 开路电压Maximum voltage in an electric circuit which is generated when the electricity I equals zero (depending on termperature).Performance guarantee 性能质保Extended guarantee of the module producer for the performance of the solar modules. Performance tolerance 性能公差Tolerance stated by the producer with regards to the nominal power.Poly-cristalline solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池See multi-crystalline silicon solar cell.PSC 电力供应公司Power supply companies.Peak load 最大负荷The largest amount of electricity being used at any one point during the day.Photovoltaic (PV) 光伏the conversion of light into electricity. The term "photo" comes from the Greek "phos," meaning light. "V oltaic" is named for Alessandro V olta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity for whom the term "volt" was named. Photovoltaics, then, means "light electricity."Photovoltaic (PV) module 光伏组件A number of photovoltaic cells electrically interconnected and mounted together, usually in a sealed unit of convenient size for shipping, handling and assembling into arrays. The term "module" is often used interchangeably with the term "panel.Photovoltaic array 光伏阵列An interconnected system of solar modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. Photovoltaic cell 光伏电池（格）This is the basic unit of a solar module that collects the sun's energy.Photovoltaic system 光伏系统A complete set of components that converts sunlight into usable electricity.Rectifier 整流器Transforms alternating current into direct currentRoof inclination 屋顶倾斜度Angle of a roof towards the horizontalRated power 额定功率Nominal power output of an inverter; some units cannot produce rated power continuously. Semiconductor A material that has an electrical conductivity in between that of a metal and an insulator. Typical semiconductors for PV cells include silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium elluride.Short-circuit electricity 短路电流Maximum electricity in an electric circuit, which is generated when the voltage U at the terminals equals zero (proportional to solar radiation).Solar generatorSum of solar modules.Specific energy yield 能量生产率（比能率）Electric energy indicated in kWh and yielded by a photovoltaic system divided by the installed performance (kWp).Standard Test Conditions – STC 标准测试条件General conditions under which the perfomance of a solar module is measured in a laboratory. Constant factors for measuring are: Irradiance of 1,000W/m²5f; light spectrum after penetration of 1.5fold density of the atmosphere (AM1,5); temperature of the solar cell 25°C.Supply meter 电源表Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy from the public power grid (unit in kWh) Termperature coefficient 温度系数Indicates to what extent the individual factor changes with the temperature. Temperature-independent factors are voltage, electricity and consequently also performance.Thin-film solar cell 薄膜太能能电池Roughly a hundred times thinner than crystalline cells. Industrial production procedure (evaporation, atomization procedure…) onto the substrate lowers the cost. Doping specif ic contamination of purest silicon with impurity atoms. In a so-called diffusion procedure, impure atoms (e.g. borum, phosphor), which can give off electrons, are transported below the surface of the wafers.Three-phase voltage control 三相电压控制器Equipment to control the grid. Voltage control of the three phases. If a voltage falls below a stipulated limit, the equipment will be switched off.Tilt angle 倾斜角The angle of inclination of a module measured from the horizontal.Transformer 变压器Used to step up or down the voltage emerging from the inverter to match the required voltage of the onsite load or the utility interconnection.V olt 伏特Unit indicating the voltage.Watt 瓦特Unit indicating the performance.WhUnit indicating the watthour.WpUnit indicating the wattpeak.。
太阳能电池专业英语
太阳能电池行业英语词汇A,Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorphous silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁到导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。
Absorptions coefficient, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。
交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。
不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。
以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。
AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。
amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。
Anode, 阳极, 正极.BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值. Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义. Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.CCadmium-Tellurium, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。
太阳能英语专业术语
太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母AAA, Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorph silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于到禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。
Absorptions coefficien t, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。
交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。
不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。
以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。
AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。
amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。
Anode, 阳极, 正极.太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值.Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义.Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母CCadmium-Tellurid, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。
太阳能行业专业术语中英文对照汇总
太阳能行业专业术语中英文对照汇总1. 太阳能发电系统 Solar Power Generation System2. 光伏板 Photovoltaic Panel3. 太阳能电池 Solar Cell4. 太阳辐射 Solar Radiation5. 光伏效率 Photovoltaic Efficiency6. 光伏薄膜 Photovoltaic Film7. 太阳能阵列 Solar Array8. 阳光能够转换的源能量 Potential Energy Converted by Sunlight9. 太阳能热发电 Solar Thermal Power Generation10. 光伏发电 Photovoltaic Power Generation11. 太阳能板 Solar Panel12. 逆变器 Inverter13. 太阳能光伏发电系统 Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System14. 太阳能热水系统 Solar Water Heating System15. 太阳能电池组 Solar Battery Pack16. 漏电保护器 Leakage Protector17. 太阳能光伏电池组 Solar Photovoltaic Battery Pack18. 太阳能光伏电动车 Solar Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle19. 太阳能光伏发电机组 Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Unit20. 太阳能发电塔 Solar Power Generation Tower21. 太阳能发电站 Solar Power Generation Plant22. 太阳能光伏逆变器 Solar Photovoltaic Inverter23. 太阳能电池板 Solar Cell Panel24. 太阳能电力系统 Solar Power System25. 碳排放 Carbon Emissions26. 绿色能源 Green Energy27. 可再生能源 Renewable Energy28. 太阳集热器 Solar Collector29. 太阳能集热器箱体 Solar Collector Box30. 太阳能热发电站 Solar Thermal Power Plant31. 太阳能发电设备 Solar Power Generation Equipment32. 光伏组件 Photovoltaic Module33. 太阳能光伏组件 Solar Photovoltaic Module34. 太阳能发电功率 Solar Power Generation Capacity35. 太阳能发电效益 Solar Power Generation Efficiency36. 太阳能热发电效率 Solar Thermal Power Generation Efficiency37. 太阳能供暖系统 Solar Heating System38. 太阳能温水器 Solar Water Heater39. 太阳能光伏装置 Solar Photovoltaic Device40. 太阳能热力系统 Solar Thermal System41. 太阳能电池片 Solar Cell Wafer42. 太阳能热发电板 Solar Thermal Power Generation Board43. 太阳能热发电效益 Solar Thermal Power Generation Benefit44. 太阳能热发电塔式反应器 Solar Thermal Power Generation Tower Reactor45. 光伏面板 Photovoltaic Panel46. 太阳能光伏面板 Solar Photovoltaic Panel47. 太阳能热板 Solar Thermal Plate48. 太阳能直驱泵 Solar Direct Drive Pump49. 太阳能冷水机组 Solar Cooling Unit50. 太阳能蓄电系统 Solar Battery Charging System。
太阳能电池行业英语词汇
Photovoltaic (PV) Array— An interconnected system of PV modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. The modules are assembled as a discrete structure, with common support or mounting. In smaller systems, an array can consist of a single module.Photovoltaic (PV) Cell— The smallest semiconductor element within a PV moduleto perform the immediate conversion of light into electrical energy (direct currentvoltage and current). Also called a solar cell.Photovoltaic (PV) Conversion Efficiency— The ratio of the electric power produced by a photovoltaic device to the power of the sunlight incident on the device.Photovoltaic (PV) Device— A solid-state electrical device that converts light directly into direct current electricity of voltage-current characteristics that are a function of the characteristics of the light source and the materials in and design of the device. Solar photovoltaic devices are made of various semiconductor materials including silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide, and in single crystalline, multicrystalline, or amorphous forms.Photovoltaic (PV) Effect— The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the "particles" in a beam of light, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. When this property of light is combined with the properties of semiconductor s, electrons flow in one direction across a junction, setting up a voltage. With the addition of circuitry, current will flow and electric power will be available.Photovoltaic (PV) Generator— The total of all PV strings of a PV power supply system, which are electrically interconnected.Photovoltaic (PV) Module— The smallest environmentally protected, essentially planar assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, [and protective devices such as diodes] intended to generate direct current power under unconcentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate).Photovoltaic (PV) Panel— often used interchangeably with PV module (especially in one-module systems), but more accurately used to refer to a physically connected collection of modules (i.e., a laminate string of modules used to achieve a required voltage and current).Photovoltaic (PV) System— A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process, including the array and balance of system components.Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) System— A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form. Also called a total energy system.Physical Vapor Deposition— A method of depositing thin semiconductor photovoltaic films. With this method, physical processes, such as thermal evaporation or bombardment of ions, are used to deposit elemental semiconductor material on a substrate.P-I-N— A semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) device structure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor。
太阳能电池英语单词
太阳能电池英语单词Solar Cells: The Heart of Photovoltaic Energy Generation.Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy. They are the fundamental building blocks of solar panels and play a crucial role in harnessing the vast and renewable resource of solar energy. The concept of solar cells dates back to the early 19th century, but it was not until the20th century that significant progress was made in their development and commercialization.Working Principle of Solar Cells.Solar cells work on the photovoltaic effect, a physical process whereby photons from sunlight knock electrons out of their atoms, creating a flow of electricity. This flow of electricity, known as a photocurrent, can be harnessed and used to power electronic devices.The core of a solar cell is typically made up of silicon, a semiconductor material. When sunlight hits the silicon surface, it excites the electrons in the atoms, causing them to jump out of their original orbit and leave behind positively charged atoms, known as holes. These electrons and holes then migrate to different sides of the cell, creating a separation of charges and resulting in a voltage difference, or a potential difference, across the cell.Types of Solar Cells.Solar cells can be classified into several types based on their structure and materials used. Some of the common types include:1. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: These are the most common type of solar cells and are made from silicon wafers. They are further classified into monocrystalline and polycrystalline varieties. Monocrystalline solar cells are made from a single crystal of silicon and have higherefficiency but are more expensive to produce. Polycrystalline solar cells are made from multiple silicon crystals and are less efficient but cheaper to produce.2. Thin-Film Solar Cells: These solar cells are made from very thin layers of semiconducting materials, such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and amorphous silicon. They are less efficient than crystalline silicon solar cells but are cheaper to produce and can be applied to flexible substrates, making them suitable for use in curved surfaces and lightweight applications.3. Multi-junction Solar Cells: These solar cells are composed of multiple layers of semiconducting materials, each optimized to absorb a different part of the solar spectrum. They are typically used in spacecraft and high-efficiency solar power systems where weight and space are limited.4. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC): These solar cells use a photosensitive dye to absorb sunlight and convert itinto electricity. They are relatively new and still in the research and development stage but offer the potential for low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion.Applications of Solar Cells.Solar cells have a wide range of applications, from powering small electronic devices to large-scale solar power plants. Some of the common applications include:1. Residential Solar Power Systems: Solar cells can be installed on rooftops or in open spaces to generate electricity for household use. This reduces dependency on grid electricity and can help homeowners save money on their utility bills.2. Utility-Scale Solar Power Plants: Large-scale solar power plants use thousands of solar cells mounted on trackers or fixed mounts to generate electricity for commercial use. These plants can supply power to utilities and distribute it to customers through the electric grid.3. Mobile and Portable Devices: Solar cells are often used to power mobile phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices. They can be integrated into the devices themselves or attached as external power packs.4. Spacecraft and Satellites: Solar cells are essential for powering spacecraft and satellites. They provide a reliable and efficient source of electricity in space, where there is no access to fossil fuels or othertraditional power sources.Advantages and Challenges of Solar Cells.Solar cells offer several advantages as a renewable energy source:Renewable and Sustainable: Solar energy is an infinite resource, and solar cells convert it into electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or other pollutants.Low Maintenance: Solar cells have no moving parts and require minimal maintenance once installed.Scalable: Solar cells can be scaled up or down to meet different power requirements, from small devices to large-scale power plants.However, there are also some challenges and limitations to solar cell technology:Cost: Although solar cell technology has become more affordable in recent years, the initial investment cost can still be high compared to traditional power sources.Efficiency: The efficiency of solar cells, measured as the percentage of sunlight converted into electricity, is still relatively low compared to fossil fuel-based power plants.Weather Dependence: Solar cells rely on sunlight to generate electricity, so their performance can be affected by cloudy or rainy weather.Conclusion.Solar cells are a crucial component of solar energy systems and play a vital role in harnessing the vast potential of solar energy. With continued research and development, solar cell technology is expected to become more efficient, affordable, and widely used, contributing to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.。
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英文：Recombination Loss
解释：在被电极收集之前电子与空穴的复合使电能流失。
12.中文：副栅线
英文：Fingers
解释：太阳能电池的电极的一部分，用于收集积累于电池表面的电荷从而形成外电路电流。副栅线通常由丝网印刷金属浆料或者电镀金属形成，宽度小于130微米，与主栅（bus bar）相连。
英文：Grid-connected Systems
解释：并网系统指由光伏组件供电的，接入公用电网的光伏系统。这类系统无须蓄电池
7.中文：薄膜太阳能电池
英文：Thin-film Solar Cells
解释：薄膜太阳能电池是通过在衬底上镀光伏材料薄层制成的，厚度从几微米到几十微米不等。成本较低但效率普遍较低
英文：Contact Resistance
解释：指电流流过半导体与电极金属界面所克服的电阻。该电阻是电池总串联电阻的一部分
11.中文：间接带隙半导体
英文：Indirect Band-gap semiconductor
解释：指半导体的能带图上导带底与价带顶不在同一动量上。需要光子与声子共同作用来激发电子孔穴对。硅就是常见的间接带隙半导体
解释：穿过电池而未被吸收的长波光会被电池背面的金属或染料反射回电池，增大吸收概率
4.中文：本底掺杂
英文：Background Doping
解释：电池衬底的掺杂浓度
5.中文：表面制绒
英文：Surface Texturing
解释：用物理或化学的方法将平滑的硅电池表面变得粗糙，增大光捕获，减小反射
6.中文：并网系统
5.中文：电池互联
英文：Cell Interconnection
解释：将电池板串联一起组成电池组件
6.中文：电池降格
英文：Cell Degradation
解释：电池降格指组件在户外工作一段时间后，效能降低。对晶硅电池来说原因包括：电极脱落或被腐蚀，电极金属迁移透过P-N节而降低了并联电阻，减反膜老化，P型材料中形成了硼氧化物等
解释：对于p-n节来说,指n-type接高电势，p-type接低电势
2.中文：方块电阻率/薄层电阻率
英文：Sheet Resistivity
解释：通常表征发射极掺杂浓度的高低。高掺杂则电阻率低但削弱蓝光响应。可通过四点探针测量
3.中文：非晶硅/无定形硅
英文：Amorphous Silicon
解释：硅的一种同素异形体，它的原子间的晶格网络呈无序排列，不存在晶体硅的延展性晶格结构。无定形硅中的部分原子含有悬空键(dangling bond)，虽然可以被氢所填充，但在光的照射下，氢化无定形硅的导电性能将会显着衰退。
A
1.中文：暗饱和电流
英文：Dark Saturation Current
解释：没有光照的条件下，将PN结反偏达到饱和时的电流。降低暗饱和电流利于提高电池品质
在以下的理想二极管公式中，I=流过二极管的总电流;I0=“暗饱和电流”,V=加在二极管两端的电压
B
1.中文：包装密度
英文：Packing density
2.中文：扩散
英文：Diffusion
解释：是粒子通过随机运动从高浓度区域向低浓度区域的网状的传播。在光伏应用中，扩散用于向衬底中参杂施主或受主原子以形成p-n结或高低结
解释：又名传导带，是指半导体或是绝缘体材料中，一个电子所具有能量的范围。这个能量的范围高于价带（valence band），而所有在导带中的电子均可经由外在的电场加速而形成电流。
4.中文：电池工作温度
英文：Cell Operating Temperature
解释：太阳能电池在受到光照激发产生电流时的实际温度。工作温度通常高于标准测试条件（STC)规定的25摄氏度，并且会影响电池的开路电压
7.中文：电流电压特性
英文：Current-Voltage Charateristic
解释：又称为伏安特性，是电子器件的在外部电压偏置的情况下电流随外部变压变化的特性，常用伏安特性曲线来表征。
8.中文：电子空穴对
英文：Electron-hole Pair
解释：半导体中，吸收了一个光子能量的电子离开原子束缚，成为自由载流电子，原来的原子则产生了正电荷，等效于一个孔穴，它们合称电子空穴对
解释：一种镀膜技术。常用于在晶硅电池表面镀氮化硅，二氧化硅，氧化铝等薄膜。
E
1.中文：额定功率
英文：Rated Power/Rated Watt
解释：太阳能电池板在国际通行标准条件下（光谱AM1.5，光强1000W／平米，温度25C）测试出来的输出功率，实际的输出功率受使用环境影响
F
1.中文：反偏
英文：Reverse Bias
解释：由新南威尔士大学研究中心开发的电极设计。激光刻槽使副栅线深埋入电池，在减少电极遮光的同时保持良好的导电。
2.中文：寄生电阻
英文：Parasitic Resistance
解释：电池串联电阻与并联电阻的总称。
3.中文：价带
英文：Valence Band
解释：通常是指半导体中在绝对零度下能被电子占满的最高能带。全充满的价带中的电子不能在固体中自由运动。
4.中文：分布式光伏系统
英文：Distributed PV Systems
解释：小型模块化、分散式、布置在用户附近的，依靠光伏组件发电的电力系统。
5.中文：分流电阻/并联电阻
英文：Shunt Resistance
解释：在太阳能电池等效电路中，并联于电池两端的漏电阻。该电阻会分流掉部分光电流，因此并联电阻越大越好
4.中文：交错背接触电池
英文：Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Cell
解释：电池的正负极接触都在背面，并且相互交叉，其结构如图所示。
5.中文：减反膜
英文：Antireflection Coating
解释：在电池表面镀上的薄膜，它使入射光由于干涉相消而减少反射率，理想情况下，单层减反膜可使一个特定波长的光的反射率降为零
解释：指电池对不同波长的单色光的响应。通常以量子效率来呈现这种响应。
5.中文：光学损失
英文：Optical Loss
解释：入射光由于受到电池的表面反射，电极遮挡等因素影响而无法在电池中激发载流子形成的损失。通过光陷阱的设计和对电极遮挡的优化可以有效减少光学损失。
6.中文：光照强度
英文：Light Intensity
解释：这是一个等效概念，表征一天中太阳的辐射总能量。数值上等于一天中太阳的总辐射能量(千瓦时/平方米)除以1千瓦/平方米
9.中文：伏安特性曲线
英文：I-V Curve
解释：用来表征电子器件的在外部电压偏置的情况下电流随外部变压变化的特性曲线。
10.中文：复合
英文：Recommbination
解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。
8.中文：复合
英文：Recommbination
解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。
9.中文：表面复合速率
英文：Surface Recombination Velocity
解释：当少子在表面消失时，由于浓度梯度，少子会从电池体流向表面。表面复合速度表征表面复合的强弱。
H
1.中文：耗尽区/耗尽层
英文：Depletion Region
解释：指在P-N节中P型与N型的交界面周围的区域，通常有几个微米宽。由于该区域内建电场的存在，多数载流子被排斥而形成耗尽区。
J
1.中文：激光刻槽埋栅太阳能电池
英文：LaserＧrooved, BuriedＣontactＳolar Cells
6.中文：金属化（形成电极）
英文：Metallisation
解释：在电池的正表面或背表面上加上金属使电池形成电极接触
7.中文：金字塔（表面制绒结构）
英文：Pyramids
解释：碱溶液对单晶硅的腐蚀是各项异性的，在制绒过程中单晶硅的特定晶面会暴露出来，使得制绒后的硅表面出现数微米高的金字塔
8.中文：禁带
D
1.中文：大气质量/大气光学质量
英文：Air Mass
解释：定义为1/cos(太阳与法线夹角）。表征太阳光到达电池前穿越的大气厚度。不同的AM值还对应不同的太阳光谱
2.中文：带隙
英文：Band Gap
解释：半导体导带与价带之间的能级差。常温下，本征硅的带隙是1.1eV
3.中文：导带
英文：Conduction Band
英文：Building Integrated PV (BIPV)
解释：是使用太阳能光伏材料取代传统建筑材的一种应用方式，通常利用天窗和外墙是作为最大的接光面，使建筑物本身能够为自身提供能源，可以部分或全部供应建筑用电，而不必用外加方式加装太阳能板。由于在建筑设计阶段提前规划，所以发电率和成本比值最佳。
英文：Forbidden Gap
解释：在能带结构中能态密度为零的能量区间。常用来表示价带和导带之间的能态密度为零的能量区间。
9.中文：单晶硅/晶体硅
英文：Crystalline Silicon/Monocrystalline Silicon
解释：硅的单晶体，具有基本完整的点阵结构，纯度高。
10.中文：接触电阻
6.中文：封装
英文：Encapsulation
解释：指将已互联的电池通过层压密封到电池组件里。封装可以实现电池组件防水，防潮，并且增强电池的机械性能。
7.中文：峰瓦
英文：Peak Watts
解释：组件在理想的标准测试条件下的输出功率，该功率值也是组件的额定功率。
8.中文：峰值日照小时数
英文：Peak Sun Hours
9.中文：独立系统
英文：Stand-alone Systems