高考英语全国试题语法分类汇编之动词和动词短语

（精校附解析）

【2012江西卷】30．We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.

A．make B．turn C．take D．have

30答案：A考点：考察动词的用法

解析：我们一致同意，这个小舍将会给我们的家庭营造一个完美的假日家园。make表“可以用作，可发展为”，与for连用。Turn表示“变为”，一般后跟into。

【2012辽宁卷】26. Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.

A. taking apart

B. giving away

C. making up

D. turning off

A8[2012陕西卷]【答案与解析】D 考查动词短语辨析。break in打断；闯入；开始工作；break up结束，散开；分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉；出毛病；抛锚。题干意思是：他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空掉出毛病了。选D。

【2012全国II】12. We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

A. set about

B. set up

C. set out

D. set down

【答案】C

【解析】此处set about开始做. . .，后接名词、动名词；set up建立；set out开始做. . .，后接不定式；set down写下，记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意：那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。

【考点定位】考查动词短语的含义。

13.【2012天津卷】 Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand 【B】

each other better.

A.open

B. narrow

C. widen

D. leave

【答案】B

【解析】此处put out熄灭； put down记下，写下；put away收拾，把东西放好；put together放在一起。句意：Mary非常擅长在课上记笔记。她能把她的老师说得每个词写下来。

【考点定位】考查动词短语的含义及语境理解。

【2012浙江卷】15. ___________________________ A rmed with the information you have gathered, you can_______ preparing your business plan.

A. set out

B. set about

C. set off

D. set up

15.【考点】动词词组词义辨析

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意：有这么些个你所收集的信息，你可以着手（set about doing sth）准备你的商

业计划了。Set out to do sth着手；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。

【难度】中等

【2012浙江卷】12. ________________________ According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to______ __________________________________ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.

A. differ

B. shrink

C. fail

D. decline

12. 【考点】动词词义辨析

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意：根据科学家研究，我们的精神气在22岁达到高峰值之后便从27岁开始下滑（decline）。Differ不同；shrink缩水；fail失败、衰竭，均不符合语境，故排除。

【难度】稍难

【2012湖北卷】21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago

A. sponsor

B. launch

C. organize

D. plan

21.A【命题立意】考查动词辨析。难度中等。

【解题思路】该句意为：两位律师捐赠了5，0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动……

A项意为“赞助”，符合句意；B项意为“发射，开办”，C项意为“组织”，D项意为“计划”，都与句意不同。故A项正确。

【2012湖北卷】22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.

A. approved

B. quoted

C. polished

D. folded

22.C【命题立意】考查动词辨析。难度中等。

【解题思路】句意为：最后，我要感谢我的辅导老师，他给我的论文提出了很多批评和建议，并对每张稿件作了推敲。C项意为“推敲”,符合句意,故C项正确。A项意为“通过”，B项意为“引用”，D项意为“折叠”，都与句意不符。

【2012湖北卷】23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.

A. hold up

B. keep up

C. set up

D. take up

23. B【命题立意】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。

【解题思路】句意为：独自在黑暗中行走，男孩吹口哨保持勇气。B项意为“维持，不使低落”，符合句意。

A项意为“举起”，C项意为“建立”，D项意为“拿起”，都与句意不符。

【2012湖北卷】24. I’m so glad you’ve come here to ________ this matter in person.

A. lead to

B. see to

C. turn to

D. refer to

24. B【命题立意】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。

【解题思路】句意为：很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。B项意为“负责”，符合句意；A项意为“导致”，C项意为“向……求助”，D项意为“参考”，都与语意不符。

【2012江苏卷】26. — OK, I've had enough of it. I give up.

—You can't ______ your responsibilities.

A. run off with

B. run up against

C. run out of

D. run away from

26. 【考点】动词短语辨析

【答案】D

【解析】run away from意为“逃离，躲避”，run off with意为“偷走；与……私奔”；run up against 意为“偶遇”；run out of意为“用完”。句意为：——好了，我已受够了，我放弃。——你不能逃避你的责任。根据句意，应选D项。

【难度】一般

【2012安徽卷】28. The athlete's years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

A. went on

B. got through

C. paid off

D. ended up

答案C .本题考查动词词组，pay off 有很多含义：1 付清某人的工资并解雇他偿清欠款等等 2. 对某人或某事进行报复 3.使人得益，有报偿 4.贿赂