北京林业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导
考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWe have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “ beyond dispute”. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each is special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved. “ To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.1．It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A．there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexesB．the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuousC．the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of cultureD．the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes正确答案：D解析：细节题。
北京林业大学2015年考博英语阅读理解精读方法
北京林业大学2015年考博英语阅读理解精读方法很多同学都听说过一种提高考博英语阅读能力行之有效的方法——精读，但却苦于只知道这两个字，不知道精读是读什么、怎么读。
下面文都考博辅导老师就以今年新出炉的2014考博英语真题翻译部分第一段为例来为大家介绍我们精读的内容和方法。
①Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.②But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.③“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar,a Harvard professor.④According to Ben-Shahar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.精读的内容：以句子为单位，把句式、句中表达和每个词或词组都要弄得清清楚楚、明明白白，最好把相关词或词组的用法也都弄清楚。
精读的方法：以具体句子为例，为大家进行讲解。
第①句：先看句子整体结构，句子整体由define…as…(把…定义为…)这个表达支撑起来,with 引导的是一个补充修饰成分，修饰“being endlessly happy”,表示“怀着、带着……”。
词汇：“optimism(about/for)”n.乐观主义，词根optim(最好)+ism---反义：pessimism(about/over)悲观主义相关单词：同根词optimize vt.使完善、使最优化、充分利用optimist(n.乐观的人、乐天派)---反义：pessimist悲观的人optimistic(adj.~about/that...)乐观的---反义：pessimistic悲观的optimistically adv.乐观地----反义：pessimistically悲观地“perpetually”永久地、接连不断地，是“perpetual(长久的、终身的、没完没了的)的副词形式。
2015北京林业大学考博英语真题翻译复习思路
中国考博辅导首选学校2015北京林业大学考博英语真题翻译复习思路充分利用真题复习同学们在复习过程中，尽量多研究真题。
充分掌握历年考博翻译常考词组和短语。
最终达到这样一个目标：至少要把近十年的真题中出现的(包括划线句子以及上下文中的)词组都认真总结一遍，进行重复性的记忆。
育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，大家要总结历年常考句型及特殊结构，掌握翻译技巧。
真题中出题频率较高的句型从高到低依次为：定语从句、状语从句、被动语态、名词性从句以及一些特殊结构，像比较结构、否定结构、代词和非谓语动词的翻译。
长难句结构划分要清晰划分英语长难句结构，是理解英语句子含义的基础。
许多同学反映，一看到长句就恐慌；再加上几个不认识的单词，根本无从下手，不知道原文在表达什么，所以只能认识几个单词就翻译几个单词，写出的译文自己都不知所云。
育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，要成功翻译一篇英文文章，既要对英语原文理解正确无误，又要把汉语表达得流畅通顺。
但在这两者中，正确理解原文既是起点也是关键。
而要做到正确理解原文，就需要有扎实的英语语言基础，特别是英语句型结构知识和正确分析英语句子结构的能力。
词意把握要到位一位语言学家曾经说过：“在新的上下文里使用的每一个词都是新词。
”英语中普遍存在一些一词多义、一词多类的现象，除了一些专有名词之外，几乎没有绝对等值的词语。
正是词的这种多义性和变义性，决定了对英语词义的理解及其汉语表达是英译汉的难点所在。
所以，对于英译汉中每个词语的翻译都需要仔细斟酌，不可轻易凭经验而译。
育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，在翻译一个词时，看到的绝不应该仅仅是这个词本身，必须充分考虑它在上下文中所处的地位以及与其他词的搭配关系，孤立的译词是下下之策。
育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
六、育明考博专业课辅导班以及英语辅导班简介(联系扣扣：416925559)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionRoger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason other than the racial identity of the author? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eight years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it. Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open, Rosenblatt s thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and is forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. (444 words)1．The author of the passage objects to the Black fiction made by Addison Gayle because itA．emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fictionB．misinterprets the ideological content of such fictionC．overlooks the notions of Black identity contained in such fictionD．substitutes sociopolitical criteria for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction正确答案：D解析：文章第一段已清楚地表明，Addison Gayle最近出的书用的是社会政治标准来评价黑人小说，是不对的。
北大考博真题英语答案解析
北大考博真题英语答案解析北大考博是中国高等教育领域的重要考试之一，英语是其中的一门科目。
随着竞争的激烈，考生对于北大考博英语真题的解析和答案掌握变得尤为重要。
本文将针对北大考博英语真题进行深入解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。
首先，我们先来看一道真题，然后对其进行解析。
以下是一道典型的北大考博英语阅读理解题：Passage 1It is tempting, but misleading, to picture the history of African-Ameri-cans hid-den, waiting passively for progress to come. In fact, what we find over and over again in black history is the story of black people shaping their own lives and destinies. At the heart of this struggle has been the quest for education, knowledge, and just treatment— issues that have defined a people fighting for dignity and opportunity.Which of the fol-lowing would be the best title for the passage?A. The Struggles of African-AmericansB. The Importance of EducationC. African-American HistoryD. Resilience and Progress解析：本题是一道主旨题，要求找出这篇文章的最佳标题。
我们可以通过文章的主要内容和观点来选择正确答案。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWould you like to know if your body is older or younger than it should be? Dr David Wikenheiser has been studying ageing in Vancouver, Canada, for the past 10 years and has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically. He says: “We all know people who are 30 but look over 40, and others who are 70 yet look 50. The difference comes down to lifestyle. Some people’s bodies get rusty faster than others, and this makes them age more quickly. “Virtually every ageing process is related to the oxidative compounds or free radicals produced by our body as a reaction to pollution, ultraviolet light, stress, smoking, alcohol and pesticides. But these can be neutralised by antioxidants. After conducting more than 3 000 tests, Dr. Wikenheiser believes that, on average, you can lower your biological age by 10 years in three months with the right lifestyle changes. “You can’t alter your genetics but you can make other changes, such as eating the right food, drinking enough water to flush out toxins, exercising and managing stress,”he says. But exercising too much is just as bad as not doing enough. Walking out for more than two hours at a time every day puts too great a strain on your heart. “Multivitamin and antioxidant supplements are important even if you’re eating the right amount of fruit and vegetables. Today’s soil tends to lack essential minerals so these are no longer found in the food we eat, in large enough quantities. We should also swap (交换)bleached white table salt for natural sea salt which is much better for us. “It’s also important to eat three meals a day. Missed meals put a strain on your brain as your blood sugar level drops. Many of us are also eating the wrong fats or avoiding fat altogether, so we miss out on important nutritional oils. “You should also ask your dentist what kind of fillings you have. Amalgam fillings in your teeth are not stable and will contribute to toxic metal levels in your body.” says Dr. Wikenheiser. (351 words)1．From the first paragraph, we can see______.A．Wikenheiser is an American scientistB．Wikenheiser is a doctorC．a lot of us look older than our actual ageD．we don’t know we are 15 years older than others正确答案：C解析：第一段里有…has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically。
北京林业大学考博英语阅读真题解析
北京林业大学考博英语阅读真题解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.ForQuestions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G tofit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10points)The time for sharpening pencils,arranging your desk,and doingalmost anything else instead of writing has ended.The first draftwill appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable andsit,stand up,or lie down to write.(41)Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from onepoint to the next,but do not permit it to railroad you.If a relevantand important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revise.Concentrate on what you are saying.Good writing most often occurswhen you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous searchfor errors.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)(43)Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,and,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere,you will notlose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor,you can take advantageof its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entireparagraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.Somesoftware programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44)These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper,you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing.The student who wrote"The A&P as a State of Mind"wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.(45) Remember that your initial draft is only that.You should go through the paper many times-and then again-working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper.Rewrite.The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier,leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words,sentences,and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper,pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.It's probably best to write the introduction last,after you know precisely what you are introducing.Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader witha final impression.[C]It's worth remembering,however,that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific,it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it.Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write,just so you do.Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis,you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue,it has nothing to do with the thesis,which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job.Instead of including that paragraph,she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A&P"policy"he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in"A&P,"the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel's store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say,you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested.Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
北京林业大学2015考博英语作文答题技巧
中国考博辅导首选学校北京林业大学2015考博英语作文答题技巧众所周知，考博英语总分为100分，其中作文所占分值：英语(一)为20分;英语(二)为15分，所占分数比值之大，可见一斑。
因此，考生对这部分应该加以重视。
下面，育明考博命题研究中心就考博英语作文部分提供一些答题技巧。
第一步：审题审题能否科学合理，是决定作文好坏的关键。
审题内容包括：仔细阅读题目要求和相关信息，如图表、数字、图画等。
其目的是为了能够准确领悟出出题者的意图，找出写作得分点。
英语作文最忌不认真审题就提笔而写，想到哪写到哪，甚至天马行空，胡编乱造，最后的结果可想而知。
如2013年考博英语大作文图画是一群毕业生在毕业之际面临着“求学、考博、出国和创业”四条道路，仔细审题，不难发现，出题者的意图是想让考生写一篇关于“毕业生面临各种选择”的文章。
可是，有的考生草草审题，根本不对其认真考虑，偏离主题，写成“求学的必要性”、“出国的利与弊”、“创业需要具备的因素”等作文。
文不对题，势必会影响英语得分数，进而影响整个考博成绩。
第二步：构建框架由于时间有限，好多考生担心时间不够，认为没有时间去构造一个细致的提纲。
但是，勾勒出一个粗略的内容梗概或者列出关键词，还是十分必要的。
实际上，归纳并分析原始材料，进而形成一个基本的文章结构是寻求作文考试捷径的一个有效方法。
这个框架包括：Directions要求包含哪些内容，作文要传达的主题是什么，文章段落结构应该如何组织等，将此基本框架成竹于胸之后，接下来，考生只需组织语言将其填充丰满即可。
所以，构建框架对于写作，定会起到事半功倍的效果。
第三步：组织语言考生要尽量避免语法、词汇、符号等明显的错误，尤其是单词拼写错误和语法错误。
因此，选择自己最有把握的词汇、短语和句式，是保证考试不失分的有效方法。
切忌为了追求文章的华丽而堆积出一些自己没有把握的单词，或者追求层次而写出一些自己都不知对错的复杂长句，这些都是败笔，应该根据自己的语言水平，量力而行。
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北京林业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written
clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)
In his autobiography,Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual
powers with extraordinary modesty.He points out that he always
experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and
concisely,but(46)he believes that this very difficulty may have
had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and
intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors
in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession
of any great quickness of apprehension or wit,such as distinguished
Huxley.(47)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and
purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason
he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) His memory,too,he described as extensive,but hazy.So poor in one
sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days
a single date or a line of poetry.(48)On the other hand,he did not
accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,
while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.This,he
thought,could not be true,because the"Origin of Species"is one
long argument from the beginning to the end,and has convinced many
able men.No one,he submits,could have written it without possessing
some power of reasoning.He was willing to assert that"I have a fair share of invention,and of common sense or judgment,such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have,but not,I believe,in any higher degree."(49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was"superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully."
Writing in the last year of his life,he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years.Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure.Formerly,too,pictures had given him considerable,and music very great,delight.In1881, however,he said:"Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry.I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music."
(50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only
a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。