儿科学教学课件:Tuberculosis in children

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小儿结核病-精品医学课件

小儿结核病-精品医学课件

病原菌 Etiology
❖分支杆菌属,抗酸性,需氧,革兰 阳性,抗酸染色红色。分裂增殖缓 慢,在固体培养基上4~6周才出现 菌落。环境中
❖分四型:人型、牛型、鸟型和鼠型
Characteristics
❖ Acid-fastness
▪ ziehi-Neelsen
❖ Slow-growing
流行病学 Epidemiology
The development of primary pulmonary tuberculosis
improve absorption
fibrosis calcification
Primary complex
progress
expansion, PE
EBTB +emphysema +atelectasis
临床表现 Clinical manifestation
❖一般起病缓慢,轻者无症状或低热、轻 咳、食欲减退等
❖较重者出现慢性 结核中毒症状 ❖婴幼儿及重症患儿可急性起病 ❖支气管和气管压迫的症状 ❖体征:肺部实变体征,少量干湿罗音 ❖淋巴结、结肝核脾变肿态大反应表现
转归
1. 吸收好转 2. 形成潜在病灶 3. 进展恶化
TB of
Bronchial
lymph node
bronchial
deteriorate metastasis
primary cavity
caseous miliary Pneumonia pneumonia
诊断和鉴别诊断
1. 病史、TB接触史、BCG接种史 2. 结核中毒症状 3. 体征 4. 实验室检查:ESR,结核菌检查
(1)未感染过结核菌; (2)结核感染后4-8周内 (3)免疫抑制状态 (4)技术误差或试剂失效

《儿科学》医学课件-PPT课件13份

《儿科学》医学课件-PPT课件13份

肺炎
讨论儿童肺炎的症状、预防和 治疗方法。
鼻炎
探讨儿童鼻炎的原因、症状和 治疗方法。
儿童消化系统疾病
Hale Waihona Puke 1便秘2探讨儿童便秘的原因、症状和预防措施。
3
腹泻
介绍儿童腹泻的常见原因、症状和治疗 方法。
胃炎
讨论儿童胃炎的症状和治疗方法。
儿童泌尿系统疾病
1 尿路感染
介绍儿童尿路感染的症状、 治疗和预防方法。
常见饮食问题
讨论儿童可能遇到的饮食问 题和解决方案。
婴幼儿常见疾病
1
病毒感染
介绍婴幼儿最常见的病毒感染,如感冒
皮肤问题
2
和腹泻。
讨论婴幼儿可能遇到的皮肤问题,如湿
疹和尿布疹。
3
呼吸道问题
介绍婴幼儿常见的呼吸道问题,如哮喘 和肺炎。
儿童心理健康
游戏与互动
探讨游戏和互动对儿童心理健康 的积极影响。
情绪管理
《儿科学》医学课件
这份医学课件共有13份幻灯片,涵盖了儿科学的各个方面。从儿科学概述到 不同系统的疾病,我们将为您详细介绍。
儿科学概述
1 儿科学定义
2 儿科医生的角色
儿科学是研究儿童生长发育、 疾病和健康的医学科学。
儿科医生负责诊断和治疗儿 童相关疾病,提供儿童健康 咨询。
3 重要性
儿科学对于儿童的成长和发展至关重要,确保他们获得良好的医疗照 顾。
压力管理
提供儿童情绪管理的技巧和策略。
探索儿童压力管理的方法,帮助 他们应对挑战。
儿童神经系统疾病
1 脑损伤
讨论儿童可能面临的头部损 伤和脑损伤,如脑震荡。
2 癫痫
介绍儿童癫痫的症状、诊断 和治疗。

小儿结核病幻灯片PPT课件

小儿结核病幻灯片PPT课件

⑤局灶性肺结核;
⑥浸润性肺结核;
⑦干酪性肺结核;
⑧慢性纤维空洞型肺结核;
⑨肺硬变;
⑩胸膜炎。
.
5
㈡美国分类法: 1990年美国胸科协会和美国疾病控制中
心联合公布了结核病分类法: 0、为无结核病接触史,未感染结核菌; 1、为有结核病接触史,但无感染结核菌; 2、为已有结核感染,而无结核病; 3、为临床活动性结核; 4、为结核病,无临床活动; 5、为可疑结核病。
.
9
传染途径: ▲呼吸道为主要传染途径:
吸入带结核菌的飞沫或尘埃引起感染。 ▲消化道为少见传染途径:
饮用未消毒、污染牛型结核杆菌的牛奶 或污染人型结核菌的食物。 ▲皮肤及胎盘传染是极少见的传染途径:
.
10
小儿结核发病常与遗传、种族、体型有一 定的关系。
初次与结核菌接触后,是否发展成为结核 病,有赖于细菌的毒力、数量及机体的免疫 力、机体在同结核菌作斗争的过程中,产生了 对结核菌的变态反应和免疫。
.
2
WHO报告(1995)全球已有19亿人感 染了结核菌,每年新增病人800万。全国有 3.3亿人感染结核菌,结核病人600余万、 结核死亡占各种病因死亡第7位,到2000年 全球有3000万人死于结核病,几乎每秒钟 就有1人因结核病丧生。
因此,我们要充分认识防治结核病的重要 性和紧迫性。卫生部自1991年9月起在全国 实施了《结核病防治管理办法》。
★结核菌素阳性判断标准:
PPD ( 纯 蛋 白 衍 生 物 ) 皮 下 注 射 48— 72 小 时 后 硬 结 直 径 不 足 5mm 为 阴 性 , 10mm为阳性,≥20mm或除硬结外,还 可见水疱和局部坏死者为强阳性反应。
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17

(儿科学课件)14.PediatricTuberculosis

(儿科学课件)14.PediatricTuberculosis

5. the location of primary focus in lungs is special 6. prognosis is good in most children with primary
tuberculosis and lesion is healed with absorption, calcification or scleroma 7. Most of them have contact history with tuberculosis patients 8. The younger the patient, the more valuable of PPD test
In China
330 million infected 1 million new cases annually 250 000 deaths each year The infection rate is 9.6% in <14year old
childrem
Characteristics of pediatric TB
1. More severe tuberculosis infection 2. Tissues and organs are hypersensitivity to
tuberculosis bacili
Intrapulmonary:there is an extensive inflammation around primary focus
organs of rich vascularization such as brain, liver, bones&joints, kidney, lung-apex region under normal cell mediated immunity, they are silent foci (dormant) potential for reactivation

儿科学课件 8 结核性脑膜炎

儿科学课件 8 结核性脑膜炎
circulation:
---- TBM, inflammatory in base of skull, pathway blocked
(Ⅲ)decrease intracranial hypertension
1、dehydrant 20%mannitol:0.5~1.0(2.0)g/kg.次 iv q4h~q6h
film preparation and cultivation --- may be have a clear diagnosis
(Ⅳ) X-ray examination
Chest X-ray: About 85% have tuberculose focus
(Ⅴ)CT or MRI
early: normal
Ⅴ Clinical manifestation
Most typical cases ----slow onset
General symptom
nervous system symptom
Tuberculosis toxic symptom
meningeal irritation sign cranial nerve lesion irritative or destructive symptoms of encephalon
Ⅷ treatment
(Ⅰ)General treatment
bed rest Nutrition Nursing Care Coma Patients:nasogastric feeding、
pressure sore prevention attention Water-Electrolyte Balance
Hyponatremia(dilutional, Cerebral ) Hypokalemia (Ⅵ)follow observation at least 3~5years
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Clinical manifestations
1. Tuberculosis toxic symptoms
Low fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss,and fatigue
2. Lung clinical manifestatios:
Symptoms is mild:dry cough Signs are not obvious generally (signs in lung is not
Basic lesions : exudative lesions: epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts proliferative lesions: tubercle, tuberculous granuloma caseous necrosis
Lymphogenic spread lymphangitis
Hilar lymph nodes lymphadenitis
Primary complex
PAM: pulmonary alveolar macrophages
Primary focus Lymphangitis Lymphadenitis
2. Clinical manifestations :
Tuberculosis toxic symptoms Respiratory symptoms Manifestations of tuberculosis hypersensitivity
Pathogenesis
Droplet nuclei inhalation
alveoli Intracellular replication
of bacilli
destruction of PAM’S
Ingestion by PAM’S Destruction of bacilli
Tubercle formation Primary focus
Prognosis of primary palmonary tuberculosis:
Primary complex
Healing with
obsorption calcification scleroma
Deterioration :Hematogenic
spread
Progression
probof pediatric TB
1. More severe tuberculosis infection 2. Tissues and organs are hypersensitivity to
tuberculosis bacili 3. Lymphatic system involved widely 4. Systemic spread tendency
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Primary pulmonary TB is a tuberculosis that is caused by primary pulmonary infection of M. tuberculosis.
Primary pulmonary TB includes: Primary complex Tuberculosis of trachebronchial lymphnodes
5. the location of primary focus in lungs is special 6. prognosis is good in most children with primary
tuberculosis and lesion is healed with absorption, calcification or scleroma 7. Most of them have contact history with tuberculosis patients 8. The smaller the age, the bigger the PPD-test value
Expansion of lesions
Diagnosis
1. Epidemiology history :
History of contact with tuberculosis person BCG vaccination history History of infectious diseases recently
Tuberculosis in children
EPIDEMIOLOGY - TB
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
TB has affected human for a long time. Now, TB remains a leading public health

typical
atypical
Tuberculosis of
primary complex
trachebronchial lymphnodes
Primary palmonary tuberculosis
Pathology
Location of primary focus : low zones of lobus superior pulmonis or upper zone of lobus inferior pulmonis subpleural right lung mostly
consistent with the lesions in lung lesions not consistent)
Clinical manifestations
3. Oppression symptoms of Bronchial lymph node 4. Extrapulmonary clinical manifestations: 5. others:
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