国际经济与贸易全英试题
经贸英语试题及答案
经贸英语试题及答案一、单选题（每题1分，共10分）1. The term "FOB" stands for:A. Free On BoardB. For OrderC. Forwarding OrderD. Full Overload2. In international trade, the most commonly used currency is:A. USDB. EURC. GBPD. JPY3. Which of the following is NOT a function of a letter of credit?A. Payment guaranteeB. Risk mitigationC. Currency conversionD. Settlement of trade disputes4. The "CIF" term in international trade means:A. Cost, Insurance, and FreightB. Cost, Insurance, and Freight paid toC. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to be paidD. Cost, Insurance, and Freight payable5. The abbreviation "BOP" refers to:A. Balance of PaymentsB. Business Operating PlanC. Bureau of PersonnelD. Board of Professionals6. The "T/T" payment method stands for:A. Telegraphic TransferB. Trade TransferC. Total TransferD. Time Transfer7. Which of the following is a non-tariff barrier to trade?A. Import quotaB. Customs dutyC. SubsidyD. Trade embargo8. The term "GATT" is associated with:A. General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeB. Global Alliance for Trade and TechnologyC. Global Association of Trade and TransportD. Global Agreement on Trade Terms9. The "D/P" term in trade documents refers to:A. Documents against PaymentB. Documents against PresentationC. Documents against PerformanceD. Documents against Promise10. The "L/C" is commonly understood to mean:A. Letter of CreditB. Letter of ComplaintC. Letter of ConfirmationD. Letter of Commitment答案：1-5 A A D A A6-10 A D A A A二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The abbreviation "GDP" stands for ________, which is a measure of the economic performance of a country.2. In international trade, the term "EXW" means ________, indicating that the seller delivers the goods to the buyer's premises.3. A "proforma invoice" is a ________ document that outlines the details of a transaction but is not a legally binding contract.4. The "BOP" consists of two parts: the current account and the ________ account.5. The term "DAP" stands for Delivered At Place, which means the seller has fulfilled their obligations once the goods are ________ at the agreed place.6. The "UNCTAD" is an abbreviation for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, which focuses on promoting ________ and development.7. The "FCA" term in Incoterms means Free Carrier, where the risk of loss or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the goods are ________ to the carrier.8. The "H.S. Code" refers to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, which is used for ________ purposes.9. The "CFR" term stands for Cost and Freight, where the seller pays for the cost and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of ________.10. The "TIR" system is an international customs transit system for road transport, which facilitates the movement of goods under cover of a single, internationally recognized________.答案：1. Gross Domestic Product2. Ex Works3. preliminary or non-contractual4. capital5. ready and available6. trade7. handed over8. customs classification9. destination10. customs guarantee三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the main differences between a documentary collection and a documentary credit?2. Explain the concept of "Most Favored Nation" (MFN) in international trade.3. What are the key components of a sales contract in international trade?4. Describe the role of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in the context of international trade.答案：1. A documentary collection is a method of payment where the bank acts as an intermediary to collect payment on behalf of the seller. A documentary credit, on the other hand, is a commitment by a bank at the request of the buyer to pay a specified amount to the seller under specific terms and conditions.2. The Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment is a principle in international trade where a country grants another country the。
国际贸易英文习题（含答案）
国际贸易英⽂习题（含答案）国际经济学模拟习题（3）⼀、True or F al se （10*1’=10’）1. Trad e i s a zero-su m activi t y; i f one country gain s, the oth er must lose.2. A nation maxi mi zes satisfaction b y reachin g th e highest possibl e indi fference curve, and inthe absence o f t rad e will p roduce where it s productio n possibili ties sch edule is tangent to an indifference curve.3. Th e factor endo wment s mod el predict s th at int ernational trad e will t end to equali ze theprices o f trade-abl e good s amon g nations, but to in crease the wage gap b et weencapit al-abundant and labo r-abundant nations.4. A tax o f 10 percent on i mport s o f sho es would be an exampl e o f a sp eci fi c tari ff.5. An i mport quot a wi ll not rai se the do mesti c pri ce o f the produ ct as would a t ari ff, becau seit is not a t ax on i mport s.6. In bal anc e-o f-payment s account, a t ran saction resultin g in receipt o f a p ayment is recordedas a credit, wh ereas a tran saction resul ting in a p ayment to other n ations is recorded as adebit.7. Becau se they do not in clude an exchan ge o f goods or servi ces, unil at er al transfers do notappear on a n ation's b al ance o f payment s account.8. David Hu me was one of th e fi rst econo mi sts to provide an al yti cal support fo r mercan tili sttrad e polici es.9. A nat ion would be mo st li kel y to find it s trad e balan ce i mp rovin g aft er a curren cydepreci ation i f th at nation’s d emand fo r i mport s and forei gn d emand fo r i ts expo rts was ver y inelasti c.10. A nation with n eith er a bal ance o f p ayment s surplus nor a bal ance o f p ayments defici t i s saidto be in int ernal bal ance.⼆、choi ces（15*3’=45’）1. The law o f co mp arati ve advant agea). was rati fied b y th e Wo rld Trad e Organizationb). explains ho w all countries can ben efit when each specializes in producin g it ems in wh ich i t hasthe great est relati ve effi ci encyc). explain s ho w onl y the mo st effi ci ent nations can benefi t fro m traded). is used to evalu at e a country’s mi lit ary stren gth2. The theory o f absolut e advant age was developed b ya. the Mercantili stsb. David Hu mec. Ad am S mithd. David Ricardo3. David Ricardo developed the pr inciple o f co mparative advantage sho win g th ata. a nation must b e th e least-cost produ cer o f a good in order to export th at it emb. no nation could have an absolut e ad vantage in all goodsc. in a t wo-country exampl e, onl y one nation can have a co mp arati v e ad vantaged. even a nat ion that has lower producti vit y in all goo ds can ben efi t b y export ing the it em in which it is rel ati vel y l ess inefficient4. An indi fferen ce curvea. sho ws th at most p eople reall y are indifferent abou t intern ational tradeb. sho ws th e demand preferences o f con su mersc. refl ects th e rel ati ve co sts o f product ion within a n ationd. indicat es ho w mu ch l ab or a country h as5. To maxi mize it s sati sfaction, a nation will ensure that it s t erms-o f-trad e lin ea. is tan gent to its produ ct ion possibiliti es fronti er at one point (production po int) and also to th e highest att ainabl e indi fference cu rve at another poin t (consu mption point)b. is t angent to it s product ion possibilit ies fronti er and intersects an indi fferen ce curvec. int ersects its p roduction possibili ties frontier and is t angent to an indi fferen ce curved. intersect s it s productio n possibilit ies fronti er at one point and an indi fference curve at another point6. Facto r-p rice equali zatio n predicts th at with int ern ational trad ea. the price o f a n ation’s abundant factor will rise an d that o f it s scarce factor will fallb. the pri ce o f a n ation’s abundant factor will fall an d that o f it s scarce factor will risec. the prices o f a nation’s abundant and scarce factors both will rised. the pri ces o f a nat ion’s abundant and scarce factors both will fall7. The effecti ve rat e o f p rotect iona. distingui shes bet ween t ari ffs th at are effecti ve an d those th at are ineffecti veb. is the mini mu m level at which a t ari ff b eco mes effecti v e in li mitin g i mportsc. sho ws th e increase in value-added for do mestic production that a parti cular tari ff st ructure makes po ssibl e, in p ercent age t ermsd. sho ws ho w effecti ve a t ari ff is in rai sin g revenu e8. The institut ional frame wo rk developed in 1947 to pro mote trade lib erali zati on is kno wn asa. the GATTb. the WTOc. the IMFd. The World Ban k9. Developing n ationsa. have very li mited invol vement in int ern ational tradeb. trad e mo stl y with each otherc. rel y heavil y on export s of pri mary pr oducts to ind ustri al nationsd. rel y h eavil y on exports of manu factured product s10. A custo ms union i s uni que in that ita. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ationsb. has no t ari ffs on trade among memb er n ations and a co mmon set o f t ari ffs on i mpo rt s fro mnon-membersc. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ations, a co mmon set o f tari ffs on i mports fro mnon-members, and free mo bilit y o f factors o f product ion such as labor and capit al amon g membersd. allo ws unrest ricted l abo r i mmi gration fro m non-memb er n ations11. A n ation's b al ance o f p ayments st at ementa. is a record o f th at n atio n's assets abro ad and it s li abiliti es to those fro m oth er nationsb. is an accounting adjust ment pro cess en surin g that a nation's exports will be equal to its i mpor tsc. does not includ e transactions o f forei gn citi zen s o r co mp ani es l iving o r operatin g wi thin thatnation d. i s a record of th e econo mic t ran sactio ns bet ween resid ents o f th at nation and the rest o f th e world, usual l y for a p eriod o f one year.12. Since b alan ce-o f-p ayments accountin g is a doubl e-entry accounting syst em, an export o f U.S.wh eat to M exico p aid for b y a d eposit to the U.S. exporters account in a M exican ban k would b e recorded on the U.S. b al ance o f payment s asa. a credit fo r merch andi se exports and a credit to sh ort-term finan ci al flo wsb. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to sh ort-term finan ci al flo ws.c. a credit fo r merch andise exports and a d ebit to uni lat eral transfersd. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to o ffi ci al set tlements13. The fo rei gn-exchan ge marketa. is locat ed in New Yorkb. is a market in Chi cago for the int ern ational trading o f co mmoditi es such as wh eat or copper.c. is a mechani sm fo r individual s and insti tutions to exch ange one nation al or regional cu rren cy o rdebt inst ru ment for those of oth er n ations or region s.d. is open fro m 9:00 a.m. t o 3:00 p.m. New Yo rk ti me, Monday throu gh Frid ay.14. Market fund ament als t hat mi ght be exp ected to i nflu ence exchan ge rat e mo vements in clude all o fthe follo wing factors excepta. di fferences in real in co me gro wth rat es b et ween countriesb. differences in real interest rates bet ween countriesc. sp ecul ati ve opinion abo ut futu re exch ange rat esd. chan ges in p ercei ved profit abili t y o f econo mi c in ve st ment s b et ween t wo countries15. If in fl ation is high er i n Mexico th an in the Unit ed States, th e law o f on e price would predict thata. t rad e bet ween M exi co and th e Unit ed States would declin eb. the dollar pri ce o f au tos purchased in Mexi co would be hi gher th an the dollar pri ce ofco mp arable autos purchased in the Unit ed Statesc. the p eso would appreci ate relati ve to th e dollar b y an amount equal in p ercen tage t erms to thedifference bet ween th e t wo infl ation rat esd. the peso would depreci ate rel at ive to the dollar b y an amount equal in percen tage t erms to thedifference bet ween th e t wo infl ation rat es三、Questi ons（45’, answer these questi ons i n Chi nese）1. Assu me that l abor i s th e onl y factor used in production, and that the cost s o f producing b utt er and cloth are gi ven b y the t abl e belo w.(8’)Cost in labor-hours to produce Home Foreign1 unit of butter 1/8 11 unit of cloth 1/4 1/2(1) Express the pri ce o f bu tter rel ati ve to th e pri ce o f cloth in t erms o f l abor content for Ho me and Forei gn in the ab sen ce o f t rade.(2) Wh at do these relati ve prices reveal about each country’s co mparati ve advantage?(3) Wh at do these rel ati ve prices su ggest about the wo rld pri ce o f butt er rel at ive to cloth th at wi ll exist on ce these countri es trad e wi th each oth er?(4) If the world price st abilizes at 1 wi th trad e, what are the gain s b y the Ho me country achieved through trade with th e Forei gn country?2. Expl ain th e i mmi seri zi ng gro wth and li st the case for i mmiserizin g gro wth to be occur. (8’)3. Expl ain the ex chan ge rate o vershootin g theory (8’)4. Suppose that the no min al interest rate on 3-month Treasury bill s is 8 percent in the United Stat esand 6 percent in th e Unit ed Kingdo m, and the rat e o f infl ation i s 10 percent in the Unit ed Stat es and 4 percent in th e Unit ed Kingdo m.(9’)(1) Wh at i s the real interest rat e in each nation?(2) In whi ch direction wou ld intern ational invest men t flo w in response to these real int erest rates?(3) Wh at i mpact would these in vest ment flo ws h ave on the dollar’s exch ange value?5. Wh at effects do es labor mi gration have on th e country o f i mmi gration? Th e country o f emi gration?Th e world as a whole?(12’)国际经济学模拟习题（3）参考答案⼀、判断题（每题1分，共10分）╳√ ╳╳╳√ ╳╳╳╳⼆、选择题（每题3分，共45分）bcdba acacb dbccd三、简答题（共45分）1、(1) 封闭条件下，本国可以⽤⼀半的⽣产⼀单位布的劳动时间⽣产⼀单位黄油。
国际贸易英语考试题型汇总
题型:1.选择题20*1ˊ=20分2.简答题4*5ˊ=20分3.翻译英译汉——3*10’=30分汉译英——5*3ˊ=15分4. 问答15ˊUnit1一.选择题（二）. 即从所给短语中选择恰当的短语填入括号Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms from the box.depend upon be defined as put an end tobe justified by engage in be determined by be dominated by specialize in because of in terms of1 . international trade （）between two or more partners from different countries.2 . Traditionally, international trade（）in economics （）comparative advantage theory.3 . No nation can meet all of its people’s needs, and every nation（）some trade with other nations.4 . The nations are not willing to allow their international economic relations only （）market forces.5 . The theory of comparative costs suggested that countries will（）producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage.6 . International economics is growing in importance as a field of study（）the rapid integration of international economic markets.7 . Mercantilism is the economic theory that a nation’s prosperity （）its supply of gold and silver, that the total volume of trade is unchangeable.8 . Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand and liberal theory of economics gradually （）the dominance of mercantilism.9 . International trade continues to （）the advanced industrialized countries.10.（）physical volume, world trade has grown faster than world production of commodities.二.翻译题（一）汉译英. Translate the following sentences into English with the phrases given.1 . 通过国际贸易, 可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和服务。
2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We take the liberty____writing to you with a hope to get your best offers for Chinese bicycles.A.toB. inC.ofD.with2.【单选题】The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A.aboutB. forC.ofD.as3.【单选题】Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter of credit ______ you.A.getsesC.arrivesD. reaches4.【单选题】We agree to the amendments to the contract _____requested in your letter of May5.A.asB.likeC. to beD. when5.【单选题】Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A.levelsB.ratesC.basesD.percentage6.【单选题】We regret the need for you to write to us and hope the steps we are taking____the safe arrival of all your orders in the future.A.insureB. assureC.sureD.ensure7.【单选题】On receipt of your instruction, we shall carry out this order ______.A.in returnB.without least delayC.with least delayD.without delays8.【单选题】The importer will go to the wharf and____delivery of the goods.A.makeB.effectC.fulfillD.take9.【单选题】After unpacking the case we found the goods did not____with the original sample.pareB. matchC.agreeD.measure10.【单选题】____shipment, please amend the L/C to allow transshipment.A.RegardingB.CoveringC.ConcerningD. Referring11.【单选题】We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A.due toB.owing toC.becauseD.on account of12.【单选题】Because there is no direct steamer from here to your port, we suggest that you____trans-shipment at Hong Kong.A.may acceptB.acceptC.must acceptD. can accept13.【单选题】Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided into product________.A.categoriesB.mixC.brandsD.lines14.【单选题】We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A.openingB.opportunityC. stepD.advantage15.【单选题】We have received your enquiry of October 15_____we learn that you are interested in our Sewing Machines.A.from whichB.in whichC. whichD.at which16.【单选题】______our catalogues for your reference.A.EnclosingB. Please find encloseC.Enclosed please findD.Enclosure17.【单选题】No discount will be allowed ____ you could place an order for more than 5,000pcs.A.untilB. exceptC.besidesD.unless18.【单选题】The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A. acceptB.pay forC. receiveD.obtain19.【单选题】To comply with your request, we are quoting you _____.A.as followingB.as followC. as followsD.follow20.【单选题】As we are ____ the market for Table cloth, we should be glad if you would send us your best quotation。
国际经济与贸易全英试题
国际经济与贸易全英试题国际经济与贸易期末考（全英）时间：2⼩时班级学号姓名成绩I.Please explain the following definitions.( 3 for each, totally 15 )1. Stolper-Samuelson theorem2. internal economies3. effective tariff rate4. trade creation5.The law of comparative advantage:II. Drawing Figures without explanations. ( 5 for each, totally 20 )1.（5）The Effects of an Import Quota under Monopolist Conditions2. （5）Rybczynshi theorem3. （5）Different Tastes as a Basis For Trade（即需求偏好不同所导致的国际贸易）4.（5）D umpingIII.Briefly answering the follow question.(10 for each, totally 20. )1. (10) The concept and conditions necessary for immiserizing growth.2. (10) Describing the changes of the factor intensity during the product cycle.IV.Calculation.( totally 15 )1. ( 5 ) Assumption : US is a large country in importing steel. There is same elastisity both importing demand curve and exporting supply curve.（进⼝需求曲线和出⼝供给曲线的弹性相同）。
国际贸易英文选择题
Which of the following is NOT true regarding international capital markets? Currency fluctuations can cause the value of assets in the market to become unstable. Many countries regulate foreign investment. The value of assets traded in the market has fallen since the debt crisis of 1982.
Nations may be able to default on their debt.
Chapter 2: World Trade: An Overview
In 2003, the US had the largest total amount of imports from and exports to Germany. Canada. Mexico. the United Kingdom. China.
A system of floating exchange rates has currencies whose values
高二英语国 际贸易单选题40题
高二英语国际贸易单选题40题1.International trade mainly involves the exchange of goods and services between different _____.A.countriesB.citiesC.townsD.villages答案：A。
本题主要考查国际贸易的主体。
国际贸易主要是不同国家之间的商品和服务交换，所以答案是countries。
cities（城市）、towns（城镇）和villages（村庄）通常不是国际贸易的主要主体。
2.One of the important factors in international trade is _____.A.priceB.quantityC.qualityD.color答案：C。
在国际贸易中，质量是一个重要因素。
价格（（price）、数量（（quantity）和颜色（（color）虽然也有影响，但质量往往是决定能否长期合作的关键。
3.International trade can bring many benefits, such as _____.A.increased productionB.lower pricesC.better quality productsD.all of the above答案：D。
国际贸易可以带来很多好处，包括增加生产、降低价格和提供更好质量的产品。
4.The term “tariff” in international trade refers to _____.A.a tax on imports or exportsB.a subsidy for exportsC.a bonus for importsD.a discount on exports答案：A。
“tariff”在国际贸易中指的是进出口关税。
补贴出口是subsidy for exports；进口奖金不是一个常见的国际贸易术语；出口折扣是discount on exports。
国际贸易实务英文版考试题及答案
国际贸易实务英文版考试题及答案1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)1.1. Which of the following is not a term of Incoterms 2020?a) EXWb) DAPc) FOBd) CNFAnswer: d) CNF1.2. What does the acronym "CIF" stand for in international trade?a) Cost, Insurance, Freightb) Cost, Insurance, and Freightc) Cost, Insurance, and Freightd) Cost, Insurance, FreightAnswer: a) Cost, Insurance, Freight2. True or False Questions2.1. The Incoterms are a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in international trade.Answer: True2.2. Letters of credit are always issued by the buyer to the seller in international trade.Answer: False (Letters of credit are issued by a bank on behalf of the buyer.)3. Short Answer Questions3.1. Define the term "FOB" in international trade.Answer: FOB stands for "Free On Board," which meansthat the seller fulfills their obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship's rail at the named port of shipment.3.2. What is the role of a freight forwarder ininternational trade?Answer: A freight forwarder is responsible for organizing the transportation of goods from the point oforigin to the point of destination. They handle the logistics, documentation, and coordination of the shipment.4. Case Study Questions4.1. A company in China exports goods to a buyer in the United States. The contract terms are CIF New York. What are the responsibilities of the seller and the buyer under these terms?Answer: Under CIF terms, the seller is responsible for paying the cost of the goods, insurance, and freight to the port of destination (New York). The buyer is responsible for paying for the goods upon arrival and for any additionalcosts incurred after the goods have been delivered to the carrier.4.2. A buyer in Germany has ordered goods from a supplierin India with the payment term being a documentary collection. What documents will the buyer receive and what are the risks involved for both parties?Answer: The buyer will receive the shipping documents against payment or acceptance. The risks for the sellerinclude non-payment if the buyer refuses to pay or accept the documents. The risks for the buyer include receiving goodsthat do not match the description or are damaged, as they do not have control over the goods until they pay or accept the documents.5. Essay Questions5.1. Discuss the importance of understanding Incoterms in international trade.Answer: Understanding Incoterms is crucial in international trade as they define the responsibilities ofthe seller and the buyer regarding the costs and risks associated with the delivery of goods. This clarity helps in avoiding disputes and ensures that both parties are aware of their obligations, which can lead to smoother transactionsand reduced legal complications.5.2. Explain the role of a letter of credit infacilitating international trade.Answer: A letter of credit is a financial instrument used in international trade to ensure that payment is made to the seller under specific conditions. It provides a guarantee from a bank that the seller will receive payment as long asthe terms of the letter of credit are met. This reduces therisk for both parties, as it ensures that the seller will receive payment and the buyer will receive the goods as agreed upon in the contract.。
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国际经济与贸易期末考（全英）时间：2小时班级学号姓名成绩I.Please explain the following definitions.( 3 for each, totally 15 )1. Stolper-Samuelson theorem2. internal economies3. effective tariff rate4. trade creation5.The law of comparative advantage:II. Drawing Figures without explanations. ( 5 for each, totally 20 )1.（5）The Effects of an Import Quota under Monopolist Conditions2. （5）Rybczynshi theorem3. （5）Different Tastes as a Basis For Trade（即需求偏好不同所导致的国际贸易）4.（5）D umpingIII.Briefly answering the follow question.(10 for each, totally 20. )1. (10) The concept and conditions necessary for immiserizing growth.2. (10) Describing the changes of the factor intensity during the product cycle.IV.Calculation.( totally 15 )1. ( 5 ) Assumption : US is a large country in importing steel. There is same elastisity both importing demand curve and exporting supply curve.（进口需求曲线和出口供给曲线的弹性相同）。
In free trade, US imported steel 100 tons in the price of $100 per ton. Now US imposed $20 tariff on importing steel, and imported 67tons. Question: what is the gain of US from the importing tariff ?what is the net loss of the whole world ?2. (10) In free trade , steel price is $1000 per unit, including coke（焦炭）400 and iron ore（铁矿石）500 .Before entering WTO, the importing tariffs are 100%, 50% and 50%. After entering WTO, the importing tariffs are reduced to 5% (coke)，6% (iron ore )。
Question: After entering WTO, what will be the tariff rate of steel in order to keep ERP constant ?（入世后，要保持与入世前相同的有效保护率，钢铁的进口税率是多少？）V. Answer the following question in details.( 15 for each, totally 30)1. (15) Describing the impacts of decreasing tariff rates on China ?2. (15) Describing the impacts of TBT（技术性贸易壁垒）on the Chinese exporting firms ? ( negative and positive )广东外语外贸大学国际经贸学院《国际贸易》2010—2011学年第一学期期末考试A卷评分标准考核对象：09级金融经济保险各班时间：2小时班级学号姓名成绩I.Please explain the following definitions.( 3 for each, totally 15 )1. Stolper-Samuelson theoremfactor used intensively in the rising-price industry (land) and lowers the returns of the factor used intensively in the falling-price industry (labor), regardless of which goods the sellers of the two factors prefer to consume.Or: free trade reduces the real income of the nation’s relatively scarce factor and increases the real income of the nation’s relatively abundant factor.2. internal economiesIn the case of internal economies, expanding the firm's own scale of production raises its productivity and cut its average cost.3. effective tariff ratethe REP is defined as the percentage change in the value added in an industry because of the imposition of a tariff structure by the country rather than the existence of free trade.4. trade creationplace whenever economic integration leads to a shift in product origin from a higher-resource-cost domestic producer to a lower-resource-cost member producer. This increases welfare.5.The law of comparative advantage:comparative advantage comes from the relative difference of productivities based on the relative difference of technologies. A nation should produce and export the commodities of comparative advantage, and import the commodities of comparative disadvantage.II. Drawing Figures without explanations. ( 5 for each, totally 20 )1.（5）The Effects of an Import Quota under Monopolist ConditionsP QPw+tS0S t D2D1D02. （5）Rybczynshi theoremA0A1B0B1Good B(L-intensive) 注：该题也可以使用教材中110页的盒型图。
3. （5）Different Tastes as a Basis For Trade（即需求偏好不同所导致的国际贸易）（也可以使用99页的图形）beefwine4.（5）D umping国内市场国外市场.P dP dMC MCD DMR MR Qd注：该题也可以使用教材中90页的图型。
III.Briefly answering the follow question.(10 for each, totally 20. )1. The conditions necessary for immiserizing growth.(1)The country's growth must be biased toward the export sector.(2)The foreign demand for the country's export must be price inelastic,so that an expansion in export supply leads to a large drop in price. (3)The country must already be heavily engaged in trade for the welfaremeaning of the drop in the TOT to be great enough to offset the gains from being able to supply more.(4)It is a large country case.2. (10) Describing the changes of the factor intensity during the product cycle.As the product moves through its life cycle, the factor proportions will change in a systematic fashion.1. The new-product stage depends on scientists, engineers, and other highly skilled labor. In this stage, production is technology-intensive rather than capital-intensive.2. In the growth-product stage, the factor inputs shift from skilled to semiskilled labor, and from technology-intensive to capital- intensive.3. In the third and forth stage, labor skills become relatively unimportant, and production becomes more capital-intensive or labor-intensive.IV.Calculation.( totally 15 )1. (5) Assumption : US is a large country in importing steel. There is same elastisity both importing demand curve and exporting supply curve.（进口需求曲线和出口供给曲线的弹性相同）。