英文诗歌的meter分析
meter格律
meter格律（原创版）目录一、什么是 meter 格律二、meter 格律的起源和发展三、meter 格律的应用四、meter 格律的重要性正文一、什么是 meter 格律Meter 格律是一种诗歌的音律规则，主要用来指导诗歌的韵律和节奏。
在英语诗歌中，meter 格律通常指的是诗歌的音步（foot）和韵律（rhyme）的规则，这些规则对诗歌的创作和阅读体验有着重要的影响。
二、meter 格律的起源和发展Meter 格律的起源可以追溯到古希腊和古罗马的诗歌。
在这些古老的诗歌中，诗人们已经开始运用各种音律规则来创作诗歌，包括音步、韵律和音韵等。
随着诗歌的发展，meter 格律也在不断地演变和完善。
在英国文学史上，meter 格律的发展可以分为几个阶段。
第一个阶段是中世纪，这一时期的诗歌主要是以拉丁语写成的，其 meter 格律规则也主要遵循拉丁诗歌的传统。
第二个阶段是文艺复兴时期，这一时期的诗歌开始采用英语写作，同时，诗人们也开始尝试运用各种新的音律规则来创作诗歌。
第三个阶段是 18 世纪和 19 世纪，这一时期的诗歌创作达到了高峰，诗人们创作了许多脍炙人口的诗歌作品，同时，meter 格律规则也在这一时期得到了进一步的完善和发展。
三、meter 格律的应用在英语诗歌中，meter 格律通常包括音步和韵律两个方面。
音步是指诗歌中每个诗行的节奏单位，通常由一个重音和若干个轻音组成。
韵律是指诗歌中每两行或更多行之间的押韵规则。
在实际应用中，meter 格律规则可以帮助诗人更好地掌握诗歌的节奏和韵律，使诗歌更加和谐动听。
同时，meter 格律规则也可以帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏诗歌，使诗歌的阅读体验更加愉悦。
四、meter 格律的重要性Meter 格律在英语诗歌中具有重要的地位。
一方面，meter 格律规则可以帮助诗人更好地掌握诗歌的节奏和韵律，使诗歌更加和谐动听。
另一方面，meter 格律规则也可以帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏诗歌，使诗歌的阅读体验更加愉悦。
meter格律
meter格律摘要：一、概述meter格律的定义与作用二、meter格律的分类及特点1.抑扬格2.扬抑格3.抑抑格4.扬扬格三、meter格律在文学作品中的应用四、如何运用meter格律提高作品可读性五、meter格律在现代文学中的演变与创新正文：meter格律是诗歌创作中的一种基本要素，它指的是诗歌诗句的音韵规律。
meter格律在诗歌发展史上具有重要地位，许多脍炙人口的文学作品都运用了meter格律，使其具有高度的艺术价值和可读性。
本文将对meter格律的定义、分类、应用以及如何在现代文学中创新进行探讨。
一、概述meter格律的定义与作用meter格律是诗歌创作中的一种音韵规律，主要体现在诗句的音节、音调、音长等方面。
通过对音韵的有规律排列，诗人能够创造出优美的诗歌节奏，从而增强诗歌的音韵美、节奏美和形式美。
meter格律在诗歌中具有举足轻重的作用，它是诗歌与散文、小说等其他文学形式的本质区别之一。
二、meter格律的分类及特点1.抑扬格：每个诗句的音节分为抑（短音）和扬（长音）两部分，按照一定的比例排列。
如五言诗、七言诗等。
2.扬抑格：与抑扬格相反，先扬后抑，如唐代诗人白居易的《赋得古原草送别》中的“离离原上草，一岁一枯荣”。
3.抑抑格：两个短音（抑）对应一个长音（扬），如唐代诗人王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》中的“白日依山尽，黄河入海流”。
4.扬扬格：两个长音（扬）对应一个短音（抑），如唐代诗人李白的《将进酒》中的“君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”。
三、meter格律在文学作品中的应用meter格律在我国古代诗歌中有着广泛的应用，如唐诗、宋词等作品，都遵循了一定的meter格律。
通过meter格律的运用，这些文学作品呈现出鲜明的民族风格和高度的艺术价值。
此外，meter格律在西方文学中也具有重要意义，如莎士比亚的戏剧作品、荷马史诗等，都采用了特定的meter格律。
四、如何运用meter格律提高作品可读性运用meter格律创作诗歌，需要注意以下几点：1.音韵搭配：合理搭配音韵，使之和谐悦耳。
如何分析英文诗歌韵律
如何分析英文诗歌韵律格律分析（Scansion of Meter）在一般情况下，格律分析只要标出诗行中的1）轻重音和2）说出诗行中音步类型和数目就行了。
在分析格律时，通常用 ̷表示重音节，用‘ˇ’表示轻音节，用‘/’把音步分开，如：Pípĭng / dówn thĕ /vállĕys /wíld,Pípĭng / sóngs ŏf /pléasănt/ glée,…上面两行都是四步扬抑格(Trochaic tetrameter)，即每行四音步，每音步都是由一重一轻两个音节的扬抑格（Trochaic foot）构成。
如果诗行是押韵的，则还需要用字母a,b,c,d…标出韵律；如果采用的是传统诗节则需要说明之。
例（1）Thĕ cúr- / fĕw tólls / thĕ knéll /ŏf párt- / ĭng dáy,aThĕ lów- / ĭng hérd / wĭnd slów- / lўó'er / thĕ léa,bThĕ plów- / măn hóme- / wărd plóds/ hĭs wéar- / ў wáy,aĂnd léaves / thĕ wórld / tŏ dárk -/nĕss ănd / tŏ mé.b(From Thomas Gray’s Elegy Writtenin a Country Churchyard)这是传统的“四行诗节”（quatrain），格律是抑扬格五音步(iambic pentameter)，韵律是a b a b，即隔行押韵。
例（2）Thĕíce / wăs hére,/thĕíce / wăs thére,aThĕíce / wăs áll / ăróund:bIt crácked / ănd grówled,/ ănd róared / ănd hówled,cLike nóis-/ ĕs ín / ăswóund!1b这是传统的“民谣诗节”（“ballad stanza”），抑扬格(Iambus)，一、三行每行四音节，二、四行每行三音节，韵律是a b c b，即二、四行押韵。
英语诗歌的音步
英语诗歌的音步、格和韵律潘学峰一、音步（韵步）和音节（Foot/feet vs. Syllable）（一）音步（韵步）是指由两个及以上的重音和非重音音节组织的一种韵律，在英语诗歌里有五种常见的“音步”，即每行两音步到每行六音步：A metrical foot consists of two or more accented and/or unaccented syllables that convey a rhythm (Meter). The five most common metrical feet in English-language poetry include:两音步（Dimeter）: 每行两音步（Two feet per line）三音步（Trimeter）: 每行三音步（Three feet per line）四音步（Tetrameter）: 每行四音步（Four feet per line）五音步（Pentameter）: 每行五音步（Five feet per line）六音步（Hexameter）: 每行六音步（Six feet per line）（二）节拍（Meter）诗歌的一行中诗歌节奏的测量，测量在重音节和非重音节，与音乐“拍子”具有非常相似的起源，用意也非常相似。
The rhythmic measure of a line of spoken or written poetry, measured in stressed and unstressed syllables, very similar in origin and intent to a musical time signature.音节“（A syllable）是一个单词的一部分，它包含一个元音(a、e、i、o和u为“元音，其他的为”辅音，又分“轻辅音”和“重辅音”)，并作为一个单位发音。
例如，“b“oo”k”虽有两个元音，但发音单位只是一个，所以算做一个音节。
英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry1.What is poetry?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language.“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.”Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.Poetry is the image of man and nature.“诗言志，歌咏言。
” ---《虞书》“诗言志之所以也。
在心为志，发言为诗。
情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。
情发于声；声成文，谓之音。
”---《诗·大序》“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。
” ---艾青：《诗论》2.The Sound System of English Poetrya. The prosodic featuresProsody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language.Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed.Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables.eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /brightIn the /forest /of the/ night,What im/mortal /hand or /eyeCould frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. BlakeLength: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect.eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.---Thomas GrayLong vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting.Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry.b. Meter or measure (格律)poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis;Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed andunstressed syllables.Four common meters:a) Iambus; the iambic foot (抑扬格)eg. She walks/ in beau/ty, like/ the nightOf cloud /less climes/ and star/ry skies;And all/ that’s best /of dark/ and brightMeet in /her as /pect and /her eyes. ---Byronb) Trochee; the trochaic foot（扬抑格）eg. Never /seek to/ tell thy/ love,Love that/ never/ told can/ be. ---Blake c) Dactyl; the dactylic foot （扬抑抑格）eg. Cannon to/ right of them,Cannon to/ left of them.Cannon in/ front of them,V olley’d and/ thunder’d. ---Tennysond) Anapaest; the anapestic foot（抑抑扬格）eg. Break,/ break, /break,On thy cold /grey stones,/ O sea!And I would /that my tongue/ could utterThe thought/ that arise /in me. ---Tennysonc) Other metersAmphibrach, the amphibrachic foot (抑扬抑格)；Spondee, the spondaic foot(扬扬格)；Pyrrhic, the pyrrhic foot (抑抑格)；d) Actalectic foot (完整音步) and Cactalectic foot（不完整音步）eg. Rich the / treasure,Sweet the / pleasure. (actalectic foot)Tiger,/ tiger, /burning /bright,In the/ forest/ of the/ night. (cactalectic foot )e) Types of footmonometer(一音步)dimeter（二音步）trimeter（三音步）tetrameter（四音步）pentameter（五音步）hexameter（六音步）heptameter（七音步）octameter（八音步）We have iambic monometer, trochaic tetrameter, iambicpentameter, anapaestic trimeter, etc., when the number offoot and meter are taken together in a poem.C. RhymeWhen two or more words or phrases contain an identicalor similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and theconsonant sounds that follow the vowel sound areidentical and preceded by different consonants, a rhymeoccurs.It can roughly be divided into two types:internal rhyme and end rhymeInternal rhymea) alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed syllables.eg. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free.---ColeridgeI slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,Among my skinning swallows.---Tennyson Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.---Shakespeare “Consonant cluster” (辅音连缀)“internal or hidden alliteration” (暗头韵) as in“Here in the long unlovely street” (Tennyson)The Scian & the Teian muse,The hero’s harp, the love’s lute,Have found the fame your shores refuse.---Byron b) Assonance (腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音)：the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sounds.eg. Do not go gentle into that nightOld age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right,Because their words have forked no lightning theyDo not go gentle into that night.c) Consonance (假韵): the repetition of the ending consonant sounds with different preceding vowels of two or more words in a line.eg. At once a voice arose amongThe bleak twigs overheadIn a full-hearted evensongOf joy illimited.---HardyEnd rhyme: lines in a poem end in similar or identicalstressed syllables.a) Perfect rhymePerfect rhyme (in two or more words) occurs in the following three conditions:identical stressed vowel sounds (lie--high, stay--play);the same consonants after the identical stressed vowels (park--lark, fate-- late);different consonants preceding the stressed vowels (first– burst);follow—swallow (perfect rhyme)b) imperfect/ half rhyme: the stressed vowels in two or more words are the same, but the consonant sounds after and preceding are different.eg. fern—bird, faze—late, like—rightc) Masculine and feminine rhymeeg. Sometimes when I’m lonely,Don’t know why,Keep thinking I w on’t be lonelyBy and by.---Hughes The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speedScarce seem’d a vision; I would ne’er have striven…---Shelley Rhyme scheme (韵式)a) Running rhyme scheme (连续韵)two neighbouring lines rhymed in aa bb cc dd:eg. Tiger, tiger, burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?b) Alternating rhyme scheme (交叉韵)rhymed every other line in a b a b c d c d:eg. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:---Shakespearec) enclosing rhyme scheme (首尾韵)In a quatrain, the first and the last rhymed, and the second and the third rhymed in a b b a:eg. When you are old and gray and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;---W. B. YeatsD. Form of poetry ( stanzaic form)a) couplet: a stanza of two lines with similar end rhymes:eg. A little learning is a dangerous thing;Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.b) heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter:eg. O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme:---DenhamThen share thy pain, allow that sad relief;Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.---Popec) Triplet / tercet: a unit or group of three lines, usu. rhymedeg. He clasps the crags with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:He watches from his mountains walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.---Tennyson d) quatrain: a stanza of four lines rhymed or unrhymed.eg. O my luve is like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in Jun e;O my luve is like the melodieThat’s sweetly play’d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry.---Burnse) Sonnet: a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of14 lines that are characteristically in iambic pentameter:The Petrarchan / Italian sonnet (Francesco Petrarch):two parts: octave, asking question, presenting a problem,or expressing an emotional tension rhyming abba abba;while the sestet, solving the problem rhyming cde cde,cde cde, or cd cd cd.Shakespearean / English sonnet:arranged usually into three quatrains and a couplet,rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. The first quatrain introducesa subject, the second expands, and once more in the third,and concludes in the couplet.Spenserian sonnet: three quatrains and a couplet rhymingabab bcbc cdcd ee;Miltonic sonnet: simply an ltalian sonnet that eliminates thepause between the octave and sestet.f) Blank verse: the unrhymed iambic pentametereg. To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whe ther ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;---Shakespeareg) Free verse: poetry that is based on irregular rhythmiccadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases,images and syntactical patterns rather than theconventional use of meter.eg. DaysWhat are days for?Days are where we live.They come, they wake usTime and time over.They are to be happy inWhere can we live but days?Ah, solving that questionBring the priest and doctorIn their long coatsRunning over the fields.---Philip Larkin3.The semantic system of English poetrya. The meaning of poetryPoetry is “the one permissible way of saying one t hingand meaning another”. (Frost)The meaning of a poem usually consists of three levels,that is, the literal (the lowest), the sensory (the medium)and the emotional (the highest).b. Image---the soul of the meaning in poetrya) Definition: “language that evokes a physical sensationproduced by one or more of the five senses--- sight,hearing, taste, touch and smell.” (Kirszner and Mandell)A literal and concrete representation of a sensoryexperience or of an object that can be known by one ormore of the senses.b) Types of imagesIn terms of senses：visual image (视觉意象)auditory image（听觉意象）olfactory image（嗅觉意象）tactile image （触觉意象）gustatory image （味觉意象）kinaesthetic image （动觉意象）eg. Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king,Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!---Thomas Nashe In terms of the relation between the image and the object:Literal (字面意象) and figurative image （修辞意象）The former refers to the one that involves no necessarychange or extension in the obvious meaning of the words;or the one in which the words call up a sensoryrepresentation of the literal object or sensation.The latter is the one that involves a turn on the literalmeaning of the words.eg. Let us walk in the white snowIn a soundless space;With footsteps quiet and slow,At a tranquil pace,Under veils of white lace.---Elinor WylieIn terms of the readers: fixed and free image（稳定意象和自由意象）By fixed or tied image, it is the one so employed that itsmeaning and associational value is the same ornearly the same for all readers.By free image, it is the one not so fixed by the context thatits possible meanings or associational values are limited, itis therefore, capable of having various meanings or valuesfor various people.eg. SnakeI saw a young snake glideOut of the mottled shadeAnd hang limp on a stone:A thin mouth, and a tongueStayed, in the still air.It turned; it drew away;Its shadow bent in half;It quickened and was gone.I felt my slow blood warm.I longed to be that thing,The pure, sensuous form.And I may be, some time. ---Theodore Roethkec) The function of image:to stimulate readers’ senses;to activate readers’ sensory and emotional experience;to involve the readers in the creation of poetry with personal and emotional experience; to strike a responsive chord in the hearts of readers;eg. FogThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on.---Carl Sandbergeg. Fire and iceSome say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I’ve tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice. ---R. FrostC. The means of expressing meaninga) Phonetic devicesonomatopoeiaA widow birdeg. A widow bird was mourning for her loveUpon a wintry bough;The frozen wind crept on above,The freezing stream belowThere was no leaf upon the forest bare,No flower upon the ground,And little motion in the airExcept the mill-wheel’s sound. P. B. Shelley Puneg.The little black thing among the snowCrying “’weep, ’weep” in notes of woe!b) figures of speechA. comparison: metaphor; simile (tenor 本体, vehicle 喻体)B. conceitC. personificationD. metonymy (换喻)E. apostropheF. synaesthesia （“通感”或“联觉”）G. symbolismH. hyperboleI. Allusion （典故）c) Deviation (变异)：the digression from the normal way ofexpressionsLexical deviation (self-made words)Grammatical deviation (slang, vernacular)Deviation of registersDeviation of cultural subjects。
3-英文诗歌的格律和赏析1
音步 (foot)
The meter of a poem is determined
by the predominant metrical foot,
and by the number of feet per line
that predominates in the poem.
pattern of stressed and unstressed
syllables in a poetic line.
I．英语诗歌的格律
In English poetry, meter is determined by the number of stresses per line, and usually a poem written in metrical verse will keep to a basic, identifiable pattern, though variation may be achieved through deliberate substitution of different metrical feet into the basic pattern.
Lecture 3 英文诗歌的格律与赏析 The Appreciation of the Metrical Patterns of English Poetry
I．英语诗歌的格律
The word "meter" comes from the Greek
word for "measure." The term refers to a
aabb型。 I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight.
meter格律
meter格律摘要：1.什么是meter 格律2.meter 格律的种类3.meter 格律在英文诗歌中的运用4.meter 格律在中文诗歌中的运用5.meter 格律对诗歌创作的影响正文：meter 格律是诗歌创作中的一种重要元素，它是指在诗歌中，每个词或每个音节的发音和长度都按照一定的规律重复出现。
这种规律通常包括音节的数量、音韵的分布以及重音的位置等。
meter 格律在英文诗歌和中文诗歌中都有广泛的应用。
首先，meter 格律的种类有很多。
在英文诗歌中，最常见的是抑扬格（iambic）、扬抑格（trochee）、抑抑扬格（dactyl）等。
而在中文诗歌中，则有五言、七言、词、律等不同的形式。
这些不同的形式都有各自的meter 格律，为诗歌创作提供了丰富的可能性。
其次，meter 格律在英文诗歌中的运用非常普遍。
许多著名的英文诗歌，如莎士比亚的《十四行诗》、约翰·济慈的《夜莺颂》等，都运用了meter 格律。
通过巧妙的运用meter 格律，诗人们可以在诗歌中创造出美妙的音韵效果，增强诗歌的节奏感和韵律感。
同样的，meter 格律在中文诗歌中的运用也具有重要意义。
古诗词中的平仄、押韵等技巧，都是对meter 格律的运用。
通过这些技巧，诗人们可以在中文诗歌中创造出独特的音韵美和节奏感。
最后，meter 格律对诗歌创作产生了深远的影响。
无论是英文诗歌还是中文诗歌，meter 格律都为诗歌创作提供了一种规范和约束。
在遵循meter 格律的同时，诗人们需要发挥自己的想象力和才华，使诗歌在形式和内容上都达到高度的统一。
这使得诗歌成为了一种兼具形式美和内容美的文学形式。
总之，meter 格律在诗歌创作中具有举足轻重的地位。
英语诗歌的韵律
英语诗歌的韵律(metre)英诗节奏(Rhythm) 构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律(metre)。
在希腊语中，“metre”这个字是“尺度(标谁)”的意思。
英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度(标准)”来计算韵律的。
英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。
各诗行不达到每页页边，每行开始词首大写。
几行成为一节(stanza)，不分段落。
各行都要讲究一定的音节数量，行末押韵或不押韵，交错排列。
……音节重读(stressed)，非重读(unstressed)。
……这就是一种正规的重读形式，在诗歌中即体现为韵律。
研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学(Prosody)。
1．音步(Foot)：英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。
一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。
分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。
这种音步划分叫scansion。
根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。
Is this | a fast, | to keepThe lard | or leanAnd clean? (Herrick)2．韵律(Metre)：英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。
传统英诗的音步有六种：即:抑扬格(Lambus)、扬抑格(Trochee)、抑抑扬格(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及：扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)：“⌒”非重读音节；“／”重读音节。
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Stanza 诗歌的一段。
比如十四行诗一般是由四段组成，莎士比亚式的十四行诗是四行，四行，四行，两行的四段结构，每一段就是一个Stanza。
一般一个Stanza都有完整独立的意思。
比如上面所说的莎士比亚式十四行诗的结构，前两个段落可以是描述事情，第三段可以是提出问题或者矛盾冲突或者转折点，而最后一段时回答或者解决问题。
每个Stanza根据所含的行数不同也分为很多种类：两行(deux)的段的叫"couplet"，三行(trois)行的"tercet"，四行(quatre)"quatrain"。
比较常用的是行数更多的段落，五行到八行为一段的段落分别叫：(cinq)quintet,(six)sestet,(sept)septet,(huit)octet。
A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, seen as a unit. Many poems are divided into stanzas that are separated by spaces. Stanzas often function like paragraphs in prose. Each stanza states and develops one main ideas.
Stanzas are commonly named according to the number or lines found in them, as follows:
1. couplet: a two-line stanza
2. tercet: a three-line stanza
3. quatrain: a four-line stanza
4. cinquain: a five-line stanza
5. sestet: a six-line stanza
6. heptastich: a seven-line stanza
Meter 是诗歌的轻重音的结构，是诗歌的节奏感。
每个英语的词都根据原音音素的数量不同而又不同数量的音节数，而meter就是一行或者多行诗歌的音节的轻重结构。
用"_"和"/"分别表示轻读音节和重读音节的话，分析一般常见的诗歌meter种类：
iamb (iambic：轻重_ / )
trochee (trochaic:重轻/ _ )
anapest (anapestic:轻轻重_ _ / )
dactyl (dactylic:重轻轻/ _ _ )
spondee (spondaic:重重/ / )
pyrrhic (pyrrhic:轻轻_ _ )
其中iambic是最常见的。
一行诗歌里面一般会包裹不止一组的轻重组合，根据所含的轻重组合的数量不同又分叫不同的名字：
一组轻重音组合：monometer
两组轻重音组合：dimeter
三组轻重音组合：trimeter
四组轻重音组合：tetrameter
五组轻重音组合：pentameter
六组轻重音组合：hexameter
七组轻重音组合：heptameter
八组轻重音组合：octameter
i.e.
约翰济慈的“致秋天”里：
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
_ / _ / _ / _ / _ / 这是一行由五个轻/重组合组成的，所以是iambic pentameter
威廉姆布莱克的“老虎”里面：
Tyger, Tyger, burning bright
/ _ / _ / _ /
前三个组合都是trochee但是最后是打乱了轻重，这样的叫做非规律meter。