高中英语语法复习专题讲解形容词副词
形容词和副词用法一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。
以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;(1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。
如a man alive。
有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。
sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。
(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。
如:I have something important to tell you.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
(6)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。
如:We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后,行为动词前。
(8) 多个形容词修饰名词时的常见顺序:限定词(these,those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小/长短/高低等形体性形容词(large, long,high)+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词为了方便记忆,有以下口诀:限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老,颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。
如:an old brown wooden carpet an expensive red cotton dress2、形容词和副词的比较等级(1)平级比较1. 用as...as..., (与...一样)not...as/so...as...(不如...)引导如:Henry is a worker as good as Peter.=Henry is as good a worker as Peter.I have seldom seen my mother so pleased with my progress as she is now.口诀记忆:同级比较用原形,as...as...用不离,as...as加not,只言两者是同一,若是not...so...as,后强前弱不看齐。
2. as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+名词+形容词。
如:The building is as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall.3. 貌似同级比较结构的一些习惯用语:as/so long as 只要,as far as就...而言,as soon as 一...就;as well as 既...又...; as good as=very nearly 与...几乎一样,几乎,简直。
如:I will work as/so long as I live. 只要活着,我就要工作。
As far as I know, he is a reliable person.She is as good as her word. 她这个人很讲信用。
He has experience as well as knowledge. (注意此句翻译顺序)他既有知识又有经验。
用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as + 原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+ as + 原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。
如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.(2)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(3)比较级的用法。
①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+ than”的结构表示。
如:This picture is more beautiful than that one.②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级+ than”的结构表示。
如:This room is less beautiful than that one.③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。
如:He works even harder than before.注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。
如:She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。
用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
如:He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语+ 谓语),the + 比较级(主语+ 谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。
如:The harder he works, the happier he feels.⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+ and + 比较级”的结构。
如:The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。
这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人又可指物。
that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.⑧倍数表达法。
(A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。
The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
(B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europ e.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
(C)A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is thr ee times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用tw ice或double.(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。
这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
如:Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like 等词语所修饰。
如:This hat is by far/ nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。
如:He is the tallest(boy)in his class.⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
如:Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示“非常”。
如:He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。
如:who is the older of the tow boys?④在“the + 比较级…,the + 比较级…”结构中。
高考英语复习形容词和副词知识点讲解讲义(必考点)
高考英语必考点学案:形容词与副词一、形容词和副词基本用法(一)形容词基本用法1.作定语,修饰名词、代词。
如:I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的书。
2.作表语。
通常与系动词be , get , grow , bee , feel , appear, prove , seem, look, keep, smell, taste, sound , turn, remain 等连用。
如:The weather is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。
3.作宾补。
如:The news made every one happy.这则消息令每个人都很高兴。
The wall was painted green.墙被刷成了绿色。
4.作状语,用来说明主语的特征、状态。
表示伴随、原因、结果等。
如:Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a break.又累又热,我们不得不停下来休息。
He fell down dead.他倒下死了。
(二)副词基本用法1.作状语。
通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
如He runs fast.他跑得很快。
The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。
The bus came quite early.公共汽车到得很早。
She left shortly after the meeting.会议刚结束她就走了。
(修饰介词短语)Frankly, I don’t agree with you.说实话,我不同意你的意见。
(修饰句子)2.作表语。
如:Class is over.下课了。
Time is up.时间到。
3.作定语。
如:Do you know the girl upstairs? 你认识楼上的女孩吗?Soon you will be acquainted with the people around. 不久你就会熟悉这附近的人。
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词[知识梳理]一、形容词的概念与用法形容词(adjective)用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。
它可在句中充当定语,修饰名词、代词;可以作表语或宾(主)语的补足语,表示主语或宾语的状态、特征;有时也可以作状语。
如:This is a beautiful school.这是一所美丽的学校。
(作定语,修饰名词school)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你们。
(作定语,修饰不定代词something)Our school is beautiful.我们学校很美丽。
(作表语)We’ll make our school more beautiful.我们要使我们的学校更美丽。
(作宾补)Our school will be made more beautiful.我们的学校将会变得更美丽。
(作主补)He got home late that night, hungry and tired.那天晚上他很迟才回来,又累又饿。
(作状语)二、副词的概念与用法副词(adverb)用以修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。
它在句中主要作状语,个别副词也可作表语、定语、或宾(主)语补足语。
He studies hard.他学习很努力。
(作状语,修饰动词)I’m terribly sorry for being late. 非常抱歉,我迟到了。
(作状语,修饰形容词)This coat fits him very well.这件上衣他穿着很合适。
(作状语,修饰副词)The people here are kind to us.这里的人对我们很好。
(作定语,修饰The people)When will you be back? 你什么时候回来?(作表语)三、形容词与副词的转换有的形容词加上ly后可转换成副词,规则如下:注意:friendly, motherly, lovely等词虽然以ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词。
高中语法 专题13形容词和副词
选修八
英语
高考总复习人教版
二、副词 1.多个副词同时出现时的顺序
(1)方式副词→地点副词→时间副词
(2)小的时间/地点→大的时间/地点 2.以下以-ly结尾的词均为形容词,如:lovely, lively,likely,friendly等。
选修八
英语
高考总复习人教版
3.以下用法中的very均是错误的 (1)I very like English.改为:I like English very much.
hottest biggest
easy early
easier earlier
easiest earliest
词尾是辅音加y,先把y改为 i,再加-er或-est
选修八
英语
高考总复习人教版
(2)多数多音节形容词,前面加more或most
原级 useful important 比较级 more useful more important 最高级 most useful most important
选修八
英语
高考总复习人教版
三、形容词和副词的级 1.比较等级的构成
(1)单音节和少数双单节形容词
原级 great clever brave simple hot big 比较级 greater cleverer braver simpler hotter bigger 最高级 greatest cleverest bravest simplest 构成方法 一般的单音节及少数双音节 词,在词尾加上-er或-est 词尾是不发音的e时,只加-r 或-st 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音 字母,需重复辅音字母,再 加-er或-est
靠近,nearly几乎;short短,shortly不久;close靠近,
2025届高考英语语法总复习形容词副词课件
however然而,otherwise否则,though尽管,yet虽然,instead相 反 besides而且,moreover而且,still还是,furthermore而且
表结果
therefore因此,thus因而
表让步
anyway不管怎样,无论如何
George didn’t study law.Instead,he decided to become an actor.
friend朋友→friendly友好的;time时间→timely 名词/动词
有……特征的 及时的;day一天→daily日常的;love爱→lovely
构成 意义
例词
end终止→endless无穷无尽的;aim目标→aimless无目 名词/动词 没有……
标的;home家→homeless无家可归的;use使用 +-less 的
形容词有时也作状语,通常说明主语的情况,主要表示原因、 结果、伴随、时间、条件或方式,可位于句首、句中或句末, 一般用逗号将其与其余部分隔开。
Hot and wet,you couldn’t imagine the climate here in summer.
又热又潮湿,你根本无法想象这儿的夏天(形容词作状语,表示原因)
……的 →comfortable舒适的;admire钦佩→admirable
able
可钦佩的
attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的;create创造 名词/动词
有……性质的 →creative创造性的;expense花费→expensive +-ive
昂贵的;effect效应→effective有效的
比较级、最高级的变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化
【高中英语】高考英语语法复习讲解: 英语语法形容词副词及比较级最高级讲解
【高中英语】高考英语语法复习讲解:英语语法形容词副词及比
较级最高级讲解
【高中英语】高考英语语法复习讲解:英语语法形容词副词及比较级最高级讲解
标题:
高考
英语语法复习与讲解:英语语法形容词、副词和比较最高级
(一)形容词、副词及比较级最高级
一、形容词的修饰和位置
一般来说,从构词法角度来看,后缀”ly”往往是副词,但有的以“ly’结尾的词是形容词而不是副词,这点要注意;形容词一般可以在句子中做定语,表语等成份,但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语;这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意,下面做了一下归纳:
1.形容词而非副词以-ly结尾:
costly昂贵的lonely孤独的
死气沉沉
friendly友好的silly傻气的
尽可能地善良热情
leisurely悠闲的ugly长得丑的
兄弟月刊
earthly尘世的
许多以“a”开头的形容词只能用作表达:
afraid害怕的alike相象的
独自醒来
alive活着的ashamed羞愧的
意识到睡着了
well健康的content满意的
无能的无能的
3只作前置定语的形容词
地球是由地球构成的,在地球的日常后者后面 golden金子般的weekly每周的inner里面的丝绸一般月刊外页
wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年长的前羊毛,前羊毛,仅限
only惟一的sheer纯粹的very恰好的。
高中英语语法总复习(形容词和副词)
形容词的类别-形容词的类别 按含义分类
按含义分类 1. 品质 品质形容词 表示人或事物的品质。通常能用于比较级,数量很大。 如:active, big, dear等。 2. 类属 类属形容词 表示人或事物的类别归属。通常不能用于比较级。 如: agricultural, basic, daily等。 3. 强调 强调形容词 是一种“强意词”,即用于加强或减弱语义的词,起强调 作用 ,数量不多。 如:real,complete, perfect, pure, total, true等。 4. 颜色 颜色形容词 表示颜色。 如:blue, red, purple等。
形容词的等级比较
1
1. 形容词等级的构成 1)改变词尾 用于单音节词和以-y/-ow/-er/-te结尾的双音节词。闭 改变词尾 音节词要双写结尾的辅音字母。比较级加-er, 最高级加-est。 2)加副词 上述类别以外的加副词more构成比较级,加副词most构 加副词 成最高级。 3)不规则变化 不规则变化 good/well better best bad worse worst much/many more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest
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3. –ed形容词 即词尾是ed的形容词。 形容词 1)由及物动词的过去分词转化而来。 A. 多为品质 品质形容词,具有被动含义,如:amused, bored, 等。 品质 B. 有些是类属 类属形容词,不能用于比较级,如:required, 类属 infected armed, fixed, cooked等。 2)由不及物动词的过去分词转化而来,不能用于比较级,而且只 能 做定语,如existed等。 3)加有副词前缀的过去分词转化来的形容词, 如:wellequipped, powerfully-built, highly-developed等。 4) 与过去分词无关的ed结尾的形容词,如:beloved。 5) 名词+ed构成的形容词,如:winged, flowered, salaried等。 此
高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词
高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词一、形容词:表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用。
e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.1、成分:在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分.He is a good student. ()I have something important to tell you. ()当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.e.g.Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper ?The trees turn green in spring. ()We are alone on the island. ()只能作表语,不能作定语的形容词:alone afraid awake asleep alive able形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语.We must keep the classroom clean. ()He made us happy. ()Colour it green. ()Attention :有些单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、timely 、brotherly 、sisterly 、motherly fatherly 等。
形容词的原级句型:1)as+形容词原形+asTom is as tall as Mike.Tom is three times as old as Mike.There are as many students in our school as yours.2)否定not as+形容词原形+as “和… 不一样”或not so+形容词原形+as “不及/不如…Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike.3)so+ 形容词原级+that丛句/such+名词+that丛句He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door .4)… too+原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army.5)形容词原级+ enough to do sth.This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.形容词比较级的句型:1)比较级+than…Our school is larger than theirs.This bridge is longer than that one.表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is+ 比较级,…or…?”Which is longer, this one or that?2)表示不及另一方时,使用“less+原级+than…”This park is less beautiful than that one.3)“The+比较级…,the+比较级…”The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat.4)“…比较级+and+比较级…”In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.可修饰比较级的词:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等典型例题:1)--- Are you feeling ____?--- Yes,I'm fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better2)The experiment was ____ easier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time 注意:no/ not + 比较级+ than 的特殊含义• A is no more careful than B.•A和B两人都不仔细。
高中英语语法形容词和副词
2. 几种变化形式: as much + 不可数名词 + as There is as much water in this bottle as in that one. as many +可数名词复数 + as
Bob has read as many books as Mary.
as + 形容词 + 不定冠词 + 可数名词单数 + as German is as difficult a language as Chinese. as + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + as Bread is as important food as rice.
4. 作状语
It’s raining heavily.
It’s a rather interesting job.
This is just what I said.
Eventually he arrived in Beijing.
注意:1. 有些副词有两种形式,一种与形容词同形,一 种以ly结尾,但它们的含义不同。 The station is quite near. He lives near.
后置定语: 少数以a开头的形容词(absent, alike, alive, available) 及 其他形容词(concerned, present) 作定语时后置。 He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot. People concerned will attend the meeting.
“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注 意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词
高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词一、形容词:表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用。
e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.1、 成分:在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分. He is a good student. ( )I have something important to tell you. ( )当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g.Is there anything interesting in today ’s newspaper ? The trees turn green in spring. ( ) We are alone on the island. ( )只能作表语,不能作定语的形容词:alone afraid awake asleep alive able 形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语.We must keep the classroom clean. ( ) He made us happy. ( ) Colour it green. ( )Attention :有些单词以-ly 结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively 、lonely 、lovely 、deadly 、 friendly 、ugly 、silly 、likely 、 timely 、 brotherly 、sisterly 、 motherly fatherly 等。
2、形容词的比较级和最高级 词 尾 变 化 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e 接尾的词加-r 或-sttall 、large 以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er 或est big 、 hot 、 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变为i 再加-er,或-est happy 少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词可加-er 或-estNarrow 、多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more 和most difficult不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 巧记 Good/ well better best 特殊形式比较级 共有三对二合一 坏病两多并两好 little 意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远Bad/ illworseworst Many/ much more most far farther furtherfarthest furthest oldOlder /elderoldest/eldest形容词的原级句型:1)as+形容词原形+asTom is as tall as Mike.Tom is three times as old as Mike.There are as many students in our school as yours.2)否定not as+形容词原形+as “和… 不一样”或not so+形容词原形+as “不及/不如…Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike.3)so+ 形容词原级+that丛句/such+名词+that丛句He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door .4)… too+原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army.5)形容词原级+ enough to do sth.This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.形容词比较级的句型:1)比较级+than…Our school is larger than theirs.This bridge is longer than that one.表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is+ 比较级,…or…?”Which is longer, this one or that?2)表示不及另一方时,使用“less+原级+than…”This park is less beautiful than that one.3)“The+比较级…,the+比较级…”The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat.4)“…比较级+and+比较级…”In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.可修饰比较级的词:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等典型例题:1)--- Are you feeling ____?--- Yes,I'm fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better2)The experiment was ____ easier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time 注意:no/ not + 比较级+ than 的特殊含义• A is no more careful than B.•A和B两人都不仔细。
高中英语语法讲解--形容词和副词
这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest
的单音词和少数 large(大的) larger largest
以- le结尾的双 able(有能力的) abler ablest
音节词只加-r,-st
以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错) He is an ill man.
(对) The man is ill.
(错) She is an afraid girl.
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
4. 形容词和副词
4.1 形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常, 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
