介词和介词短语.

Ⅱ.介词短语的功能
• 1.作名词短语的后置修饰语 • The people on the bus were singing. • 2.状语 • The people were singing on the bus. • In the afternoon, we went to Boston. • From a personal point of view, I find this a good solution to the problem. • In all fairness, she did try to phone the police. • On the other hand, he made no attempt to help her.
介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语
• Ⅰ.介词短语的结构 • Ⅱ.介词短语的功能 • Ⅲ.介词、连接词和副词 • Ⅳ.简单介词和复杂介词 • Ⅴ.介词的含义（重点）
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Ⅰ.介词短语结构：
（前置修饰语+）介词+介词补足语 on the table from what he said by signing a peace treaty in terms of money He worked deep into the night last night.
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• • • • • • • • • • • (The proposal that we meet) on Tuesday… (To meet) in March… (Meeting) during the vacation… ② 作补语（表语）用的准形容词功能 This machine is (very) out of date. This dress seems out of fashion. 因此可以与形容词短语并列或同位 They are happy and in good health. an old and out of date telephone 作其他连系动词的补语 They seem in good health.
①在下列句子中，介词和副词的区别并不明显： He is near to being mad. This seems next to impossible. Close to 200 people came. She is far from being weak. ②简单介词near和复杂介词near to和close to： near to和close to与形容词有同源关系，他们是仅有的 既有比较级又可加强调成分的介词： She sat very near to quite close to much nearer to me. much closer to next to closest to
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• ③在特殊的情形中（主要在固定短语中），副词或形容词 可以发挥介词补足语的功能。 • at last, at least, at once, at worst, before long, by far, in brief, in there, since when, until now…. • ④介词短语本身可以作介词的补足语，所以两个介词可以 连续出现 • He picked up the gun from under the table. • We didn’t meet until after the show. • The weather has been fine except in the north. • Food has been scarce since before the war. • ⑤介词作动词和形容词的补足语时，它和前面的词（如 look, sorry）的关系比它和后面的补足语关系更密切，介 词的选择是由它前面的词决定的。
Ⅲ.介词、从属连词和副词
1. 介词和连词都具有关联或连接功能，比较：
the day when she arrived of her arrival 注：①辨别两种词类的一个标准是：介词引导的是名词 性或名词化补足语，而与之相对的从属连词引导 一个从属分句（从句）。 ②在某些情况下，同一词项既可以作介词又可以 作连词，如after, as, before, since, until.
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• ③如果是非谓语动词，情况就比较复杂，因为在英语 • 中-ing分句可以用在介词的后面。 • On arriving she took a taxi. • ④思考下列三个词是什么词性：when, after, by? • 2.介词和副词 • She looked up the hill. (1) • She walked across the street. (2) • She looked up the word. (3) • She walked across. (4) •
③ She is about forty. She is (about) forty. She is about roughly forty. approximately 3.注意介词位置 (1)Has the room been paid for? He was not paid attention to. He’s impossible to work with. He’s worth listening to.
3.作动词和形容词的补足成分 We were looking at his awful paintings. I’m sorry for his parents. 说明： ①介词短语有时候可以做主语 A: When are we going to have the next meeting? B: On Tuesday will be fine. In March suits me. During the vacation is what we decided Between 6 and 7 may be convenient.