南开大学722新闻传播学基础2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题
南开大学722新闻传播学基础2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题

南开大学722新闻传播学基础2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目:新闻传播学理论基础专业:新闻学传播学一、填空(1×30=30分)1.受众在大众传播过程中所享有的基本权利包括()()和()。
2.二十世纪60年代中期,德国社会学家格林把()与原子能、宇宙空间技术的发明称为“人类历史上具有划时代意义的三大事件”。
3.按照美国新闻的划分标准,报纸新闻一般表现为四种形式,即()()()和()。
4.列宁在强调党报党性原则的同时,也提出了()()的原则。
5.二十世纪50年代,台湾当局“报禁”包括三项内容,即()()和()。
6.目前,在中国期刊市场中,较有影响力的新闻周刊(含旬刊、双周刊)有()()()()。
7.二十世纪60年代初期,《人民日报》《北京晚报》和《前线》半月刊,分别开辟了()()和()三个杂文栏目,主要作者有()()()。
8.()在担任《新民晚报》总编辑期间,曾积极倡导“短些,短些,再短些;广些,广些,再广些;软些,软些,再软些”的方针。
9.在新中国成立初期,中共中央和毛泽东主席曾采用政治斗争的方式,发动了()()和()三次较大规模的学术文化讨论和批判运动,造成了严重的错误。
10.在日本的“锁国时代”,幕府了解海外信息的唯一渠道是()。
11.十九世纪40年代,俄国最杰出的民主主义思想家是()和()。
二、名词解释(3×10=30分)1.《海瑞罢官》2.约翰·弥尔顿3.文本分析4.新闻价值5.硬新闻与软新闻6.文化帝国主义7.让·保尔·马拉8.梁效9.路透社10.“电子乌托邦”三、简答题(10×5=50分)1.试述“伊利调查”的理论成果。
2.为什么说信息概念的引入引起了中国新闻界的一场革命?3.试述“珠江模式”对中国广播事业改革的启示。
4.恩格斯曾经指出:“诽谤法、叛国法和渎神法,都沉重地压在出版事业身上……英国出版5.自由一百年来苟延残喘,完全靠政府当局的恩典。
新闻与传播硕士新闻与传播专业基础综合历年真题试卷汇编6_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

新闻与传播硕士新闻与传播专业基础(综合)历年真题试卷汇编6(总分150, 做题时间150分钟)名词解释题1.群体传播(南开大学2004研)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4.5答案:群体传播是指群体与成员、成员与成员问的传播互动机制。
日本学者岩原勉认为:“群体传播就是将共同目标和协作意愿加以连接和实现的过程。
”这个过程形成群体意识和群体结构,而这种意识和结构一旦形成,又反过来成为群体活动的框架,对个人成员的态度和行为产生制约,以保障群体的共同性。
因此,群体传播是群体生存和发展的一条基本的生命线。
群体传播在群体意识的形成中起着重要的作用。
2.群体压力(武汉理工2007研;北师2003研)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4.5答案:群体压力是指群体中的多数意见对成员中的个人意见或少数意见所产生的压力。
在面临群体压力的情况下,个人和少数意见一般会对多数意见采取服从态度。
“个人服从集体、少数服从多数”是群体活动的一个基本原则。
它不仅是群体保持协调统一的前提,也是人的社会合作性的体现。
3.流言(华农2011研;南京理工2011研;人大2004研)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4.5答案:流言是一种信源不明、无法得到确认的消息或言论,通常发生在社会环境具有较高的不确定性,而正规的传播渠道(如大众传媒等)不畅通或功能减弱的时期。
流言是集合行为中的主要的信息形式。
流言的发生有两个特点:①流言通常是围绕人们比较关心的问题、涉及切身利益的重要问题发生的;②来自正式渠道的有证据的信息不足、状况的暖昧性增加,会推动人们去通过流言渠道寻求信息。
4.奥尔波特公式《电子科技大学2011研)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4.5答案:奥尔波特公式是指由传播学者奥尔波特提出的一个著名的流言流通量公式,他认为,在一个社会中,漉言的流通量,与问题的重要性和涉及的证据暖昧性之乘积成正比,即:R=I×A(流言流通量=问题的重要性》《证据的暧昧性)。
新闻与传播专业基础名词解释专项强化真题试卷10(题后含答案及解析)

新闻与传播专业基础名词解释专项强化真题试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1.1.《费加罗报》(华中师范大学,2010年)正确答案:《费加罗报》(Le Figaro)是法国的综合性日报,也是法国国内发行量最大的报纸。
《费加罗报》创立于1853年,其报名源自法国剧作家博马舍的名剧《费加罗的婚礼》中的主人公费加罗。
它的座右铭“倘若批评不自由,则赞美亦无意义”同样是取自博马舍的这一剧作。
费加罗是法国文学传统中的一个备受人们尊重的文学人物,包括左拉、莫里哀、纪德在内的很多文学大师都以其为主人公进行过创作。
通常,《费加罗报》也被认为是法兰西学院的公刊。
《费加罗报》隶属于沙克报业集团。
该集团在法国和比利时共拥有超过70种法语媒体。
其总部位于巴黎。
涉及知识点:法国新闻史2.《六合丛谈》(华中师范大学,2010年)正确答案:《六合丛谈》是上海第一家中文报刊,为月刊,是非纯粹宣传基督教教义的刊物,为综合性期刊。
其本意是想办成新闻刊物,又想让所有中国人成为自己的读者。
其内容主要为宗教宣传、自然科学、商业行情、中外新闻,包罗万象,成了大杂烩。
其发行区域大,但实际发行量非常有限,一年后停刊。
涉及知识点:中国新闻史3.萨子一汤姆逊事件正确答案:1826年10月,新南威尔士驻军士兵萨子和汤姆逊因开小差受到总督的严酷刑罚,最后被摧残致死。
《澳大利亚人报》和《监视者》公开报道了这件事,并抨击总督的凶残,引起轩然大波。
总督达令恼羞成怒,致电英国要求封闭两报,同时向新南威尔士大法官施压,要求立法取消私立报纸。
达令的请求没有被批准,大法官也没有屈服于他的压力。
达令只好利用手中的职权迫使报纸缴纳重税,并把豪尔以“诽谤总督”罪名投入监狱。
达令的专制引起各界强烈反响。
英国内政部令他回国“述职”,让一位开明的总督接替他的位置。
达令对报纸课以的重税被宣布无效,豪尔也被释放。
达令离开悉尼时,人们纵情欢饮,庆祝澳大利亚历史上争取新闻自由斗争的首次胜利。
南开大学人类学考研,2010年考研真题,考研参考书

南开大学人类学考研,2010年考研真题,考研参考书2010南开大学社会学理论真题一、名词解释1、小群体2、虚拟社区3、形式社会学4、敏化概念5、哈贝马斯6、《社会研究的新规则》二、简答题1、社会分层的社会反应2、韦伯对冲突社会学的影响3、布迪厄文化资本理论4、社会变迁的形式5、当代中国性别角色变迁6、布劳对交换轮的贡献复习时间内容进度准备阶段2016年1月-2016年6月育明教育课程:授课内容:学科框架考试重点复习任务:1.专业课:专业课大概复习二遍。
复习方法:第一遍,在明确重点的基础上,把握参考书的目录和框架。
育明教育咨询师认为,首先掌握每本书的目录和框架,对于建立学科体系有莫大裨益。
尤其是对于跨专业的考生来说,通过这种方法可以迅速建立学科体系,把握答题的思路和脉络。
在把握参考书的目录的时候,不是死记硬背,这样是没有用的。
作者在写书的时候,都是有一定的逻辑体系的,否则,岂不是每个章节之间都可以随意调换。
因此,把握了参考书写作的内在逻辑,记忆起来就简单多了。
第二遍,结合重点,把参考书认真研读一遍,不遗漏任何一个知识点。
这一遍主要是帮助进一步理解参考书的脉络,其次,对整个参考书的内容有一个宏观把握和了解。
但是,不要太拘泥于细小的知识点。
2.考研英语考研复习前期,主要是以单词为主,大概背诵两遍。
采取的复习方法是“反复,快速,多次“。
每天大概背诵的单词在150个以上为佳。
3.考研政治此阶段,可以先不去关注政治。
除非政治极差。
2016年7月-8月育明教育课程:1.专业课任务:记忆重要概念和知识框架这个阶段基本安排是在专业课上安排36个课时,代课老授课内容:1.明确专业课具体的考点2.开始记忆师会给你讲解难点,考点,需要你能做好笔记,并且按时完成作业,我们会随时抽查!另外对于重要的知识点和参考书的框架,要有一个简单的记忆,这个记忆是建立在理解的基础上的。
切记死记硬背。
全面关注考研公共课的考试大纲,购买最新的辅导用书,准备暑期复习。
育明考研:2010年南开大学社会学理论考研真题

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育明教育:2010年南开大学社会学理论考研真题
一、名词解释
1小群体
2虚拟社区
3形式社会学
4敏化概念
5哈贝马斯
6《社会研究的新规则》
二、简答题
1社会分层的社会反应
2韦伯对冲突社会学的影响
3布迪厄文化资本理论
4社会变迁的形式
5当代中国性别角色变迁
6布劳对交换轮的贡献
三、论述题
1从社会学理论发展的角度,对比评述涂尔干帕森斯加芬克尔社会秩序观2社会结构理论分析我国社会建设。
南开大学728基础英语2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题

南开大学728基础英语2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目:基础英语专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学Part one VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form if necessary. Eachand even parts of India---that people think of as ___with children.2 If population policy can do little to ___environmental damage, then the human race will have to rely on technology and governance to shift the world’s economy toward cleaner growth.3 Anger is like a(n)___horse. Unless we govern it, we are at its mercy. So we need to learn how to manage anger.4 They are so absorbed in their conversation that they are totally___to what is happening around them.5 When asked whether he gets ___with the industry, he states that he never gets disturbed since he is passionate with what he do and the people that surrounds him.6 Normally, at the beginning of war the spirit of the enemy is keen and irresistible. A certain period later, it will decline and___.7 The trick in fundraiser is to ___money out of p eople who don’t want to give it away.8 The new insurance policy is written without ___or mysterious terms.9 The grand jury ___her for murder.10 He hesitated about climbing such a small,___ladder.11 The chair has the power to ___a meeting. But the power must be exercised for proper purpose.12 American government paid vast ___to farmers to supplement their agricultural activities.13 ____on an island, this group of lions should have died out. Instead, in an evolutionary twist, they’ve learned to swim.14 Tobacco industry gives___support to anti-smoking laws.15___is a particular attitude to the social world, characterized by a distrust of other people.16 China unveiled its plan to double, by 2020, the___income of the 750mpeople in the countryside.17 People weep for him and___him that goes away, for he shall return no more, nor see his native country.18 The more she ___my love, the more it grows.19 They just talked about common practice and the toughest issues were___.20 During the run of TV show Friends, the___of characters all achieved household name celebrity status.Part two Cloze(10分)There are several things about motorcycling that the average citizen dislikes. A cyclist’s__1__has something to do with this dislike. Motorcyclists frequently took dirty ; in fact, they are dirty. On the road there is little to __2__ them from mud, crushed insects, and bird droppings. For practical reasons they often __3__in old clothing which looks much less __4__than the clothing of people who ride in cars. For the same reason motorcyclists usually wear __5__colors. Perhaps this helps to explain why they are sometimes__6__of having evil natures. In old__7__of long ago, evil characters usually wore black. In __8__movies the “bad guys” usually wear black hats,__9__the good guys wear lighter colors.And the machine itself also produces anger and fear. Motorcycles are noisier, though some trucks are even noisier. But trucks are big and carry heavy__10__.1 A behaviour B appearance C manner D attitude2 A protect B prevent C keep D restrain3 A clad B put on C wear D dress4 A respected B respective C respectable D respectful5 A black B dark C light D dull6 A thought B aware C suspected D capable7 A plays B stories C times D sayings8 A comic B light C horror D cowboy9 A as B when C though D while10 A goods B weights loads D dutiesPart three Reading Comprehension (50分)Question 1-7 are based on the following passageThe first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunter and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginning near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D.400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the European began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Instead, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun—the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves “children of the Sun” and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippian lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.1 What does the passage mainly discuss?A The development of agricultureB the locations of towns and villagesC The early people and cultures of the United StatesD The construction of burial mounds2 Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern Unites States?A The development of trade in North AmericaB The establishment of permanent settlementsC Conflicts with other Native American groups over landD A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.3 The word “bartering” in paragraph1 is closest in meaning toA producingB exchangingC transportingD loading4 The word “supplanted” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA conqueredB precededC replacedD imitated5 According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?A The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of foodB The Mississippians sold their food to other groupsC The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climatesD The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.6 Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves “children of the Sun”(paragraph 2)A To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefsB To argue about the importance of religion in their cultureC To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D To provide an example of their religious rituals.7 The phrase “charged with ” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA passed onB experienced atC interested inD assigned toQuestion 8-15 are based on the following passageThe cities in the United States have been the most visible sponsors and beneficiaries of projects that place art in public places. They have shown exceptional imagination in applying the diverse forms of contemporary art to a wide variety of purposes. The activities observed in a number of “pioneer’ cities sponsoring art in pubic places----a broadening exploration of public sites, an increasing awareness among both sponsors and the public of the varieties of contemporary artistic practice, and a growing public enthusiasm----are increasingly characteristic of cites across the country. With many cites now undergoing renewed development, opportunities are continuously emerging for the inclusion or art in new or renewed public environments, including building, plazas, parks, and transportation facilities. The result of these activities is a group of artwork that reflect the diversity of contemporary art and the varying character and goals of the sponsoring communities.In sculpture, the projects range from a cartoon-like Mermaid in Miami Beach by Roy Lichtenstein to a small forest planted in New York City by Alan Sonfist. The use of mutals followed quickly upon the use of sculpture and has brought to public sites the work of artists as different as the realist Thomas Hart Benton and the Pop artist Robert Rauschenberg. The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the use of art in public places: in Memphis, sculptor Richard Hunt has created a monument to Martin Luther King, Jr., who was slain there, in New York, Dan flavin and Bill Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit facilities. And in numerous cities, art is being raised as a symbol of the commitment to revitalize urban areas.By continuing to sponsor projects involving a growing body of art in public places, cities will certainly enlarge the situation in which the public encounters and grows familiar with the various forms of contemporary art. Indeed, cities are providing artists with an opportunity to communicate with a new and broader audience. Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions. They are working in new, often more durable media, and on an unaccustomed scale.8 What is the passage mainly about?A The influence of art on urban architecture in United States cities.B The growth of public art in United States cities.C The increase in public appreciation of art in the United StatesD The differences between public art in Europe and the United States9 All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as results of the trend toward installing contemporary art in public places in the United States EXCEPTA the transfer of artwork from private to public sitesB artworks that represent a city’s special characterC greater interest in art by the American publicD a broader understanding of the varieties of contemporary art10 According to the passage, new settings for public art are appearing as a result ofA communities that are building more art museumsB artists who are moving to urban areasC urban development and renewalD an increase in the number of artists in the Unites States11 The author mentions Roy Lichtenstein and Alan Sonfist in Paragraph 2 in order toA show that certain artist are famous mostly for their public artB introduce the subject of unusual works of artC demonstrate the diversity of artworks displayed in publicD contrast the cities of Miami Beach and New York12 It can be inferred from the passage that the city of Memphis sponsored a work by Richard Hunt because the city authorities believed thatA the sculpture would symbolize the urban renewal of Memphis.B Memphis was an appropriate place for a memorial to Martin Luther King, JrC the artwork would promote Memphis as a center for the artsD the sculpture would provide a positive example to other artists13 The word “revitalize” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA show the importance ofB promise to enlargeC bring new life toD provide artworks for14 The word “executing” in line paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA judgingB sellingC explainingD producing15 According to paragraph 3, artists who work on public art projects are doing all of the following EXCEPTA creating artworks that are unusual in sizeB raising funds to sponsor various public projectsC exposing a large number of people to works of art.D using new materials that are long-lastingQuestion 16-20 are based on the following passageTaking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems: to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more education merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent”. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A true indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of everyday.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D-Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent” people do not have N.B.D.’s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.16 According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of one’s ability to read, write and compute____A is a widely held but wrong conceptB will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC is the root of all mental distressD will contribute to all mental distress17 It is implied in the passage that holding a university degreeA may result in one’s inability to solve complex real-life problemsB does not indicate one’s ability to write properly worded documentsC may make one mentally sick and physically weakD does not mean that one is highly intelligent18 The author thinks that an intelligent person knowsA how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB how to find the best way to achieve success in lifeC how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD how to persuade others to compromise19 In the last paragraph, the author tells us thatA difficulties are but part of everyone’s lifeB depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence20 According to the passage, what kinds of people are rare?A Those who don’t emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happinessB Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappinessC Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer form N.B.D.’s.D Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.Part four Translation(50分)1 Translate the following passage into Chinese (20分)A:All humans face a serious social and political challenge in the modern world: Living in two different worlds of exchange at once, the worlds of personal and impersonal exchange. It is impossible to understand how these two worlds relate, and to discuss human and resource diversity play such a huge role in the extend order of impersonal cooperation through markets. Commodity and service markets are the foundation of wealth recreation. Stock markets serve by supplying capital for new consumer products explains why they are inherently uncertain, unpredictable, volatile, and, given investor behaviour, why they tend to bubble and crash. World stock markets must anticipate innovations----the new commodities and services of the future.B:Public awareness of the environment has created a surge of interest in home gardening and urban horticultures and has led to the increased use of landscaping to modify the functional and aesthetic aspects of the surroundings. People in every walk of life are becoming more interested in plants, in the environment, and in quality food for better health. Whether it be for homes, business, or recreational facilities, this awareness has created a demand for homes, business, or recreational facilities, this awareness has created a demand for horticultural products that make a more natural, pleasing, and functional environment. Almost every home or business has potted plants, shrubs, and trees in the landscape, and sometime fruit and vegetable gardens. The horticulture industry and related industries play an important role in preserving and enhancing the beauty and productivity of the environment. Gardening ---whether backyard or balcony----fills a heretofore unmeet need. The growing of, plants is both therapeuticand recreational in nature.2 Translate the following passages into English. (30分)A:天津是我国北方重要经济中心,现代化港口大都市。
2010年南开大学社会学考研社会理论真题及答案解析

2010年南开大学社会学考研社会理论真题及答案解析一、名词解释1、小群体2、虚拟社区3、形式社会学4、敏化概念5、哈贝马斯6、《社会研究的新规则》二、简答题1、社会分层的社会反应2、韦伯对冲突社会学的影响3、布迪厄文化资本理论4、社会变迁的形式5、当代中国性别角色变迁6、布劳对交换轮的贡献三、论述题1、从社会学理论发展的角度,对比评述涂尔干帕森斯加芬克尔社会秩序观2、社会结构理论分析我国社会建设专业课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧,虽然每个考生的专业不同,但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。
以下就是针对考研专业课的一些十分重要的复习方法和技巧。
一、专业课考试的方法论对于报考本专业的考生来说,由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基础和知识储备,相对会比较容易进入状态。
但是,这类考生最容易产生轻敌的心理,因此也需要对该学科能有一个清楚的认识,做到知己知彼。
跨专业考研或者对考研所考科目较为陌生的同学,则应该快速建立起对这一学科的认知构架,第一轮下来能够把握该学科的宏观层面与整体构成,这对接下来具体而丰富地掌握各个部分、各个层面的知识具有全局和方向性的意义。
做到这一点的好处是节约时间,尽快进入一个陌生领域并找到状态。
很多初入陌生学科的同学会经常把注意力放在细枝末节上,往往是浪费了很多时间还未找到该学科的核心,同时缺乏对该学科的整体认识。
其实考研不一定要天天都埋头苦干或者从早到晚一直看书,关键的是复习效率。
要在持之以恒的基础上有张有弛。
具体复习时间则因人而异。
一般来说,考生应该做到平均一周有一天的放松时间。
四门课中,专业课(数学也属于专业课)占了300分,是考生考入名校的关键,这300分最能拉开层次。
例如,专业课考试中,分值最低的一道名词解释一般也有4分或者更多,而其他专业课大题更是动辄十几分,甚至几十分,所以在时间分配上自然也应该适当地向专业课倾斜。
根据我们的经验,专业课的复习应该以四轮复习为最佳,所以考生在备考的时候有必要结合下面的内容合理地安排自己的时间:第一轮复习:每年的2月—8月底这段时间是整个专业复习的黄金时间,因为在复习过程遇到不懂的难题可以尽早地寻求帮助得到解决。
南开大学722新闻传播学基础2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题

南开大学722新闻传播学基础2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题南开大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目:新闻传播学理论基础专业:新闻学传播学一、填空(1×20=20分)1.人们获取、交流信息的渠道,可以归纳为( )( )( )三个类型。
2.美国报纸新闻的表现形式大体分为四种,即()()()()。
3.中国的报纸教育始于1918年,当时北京大学成立新闻研究会,蔡元培为会长,聘()和()为会长。
4.世界上早期创立的四家著名通讯社是()()()()。
5.符号的基本功能有三个方面,即()()()。
6.1912年5月5日,布尔什维克在()创办了大型的群众政治日报()。
7.大公报在()年6月17日创刊于()。
二、名词解释(4×5=20分)1.“报章文体”2.选择性理论3.《经济学家》4.信息主权5.“掏粪运动”三、简答(10×4=40分)1.简述社会责任论对报刊的基本要求2.举例说明议程设置理论在新闻实践中的应用3.举例说明受众对新闻媒介的影响4.简述普利策的办报实践对现代报业的启示四、论述题(25×2=50分)1.网络暴力形成的原因是什么,结合具体事例进行分析和论证2.近年来,三农问题引起了党和政府有关部门的高度关注,这与新闻媒介所发挥的作用密不可分,试运用相关的新闻传播学知识对这一现象进行分析和论证。
五、综合题(10×2=20分)1.请列举中国新闻史上的十位代表性人物及其著作。
2.请列举外国新闻史上的十位代表性人物及其著作。
4.1.1 2009年真题答案一.填空1.略(书中找)2.略(书中找)3.徐宝璜和邵飘萍4.路透社、美联社、5.圣彼得堡、《真理报》6.1902 天津法租界二.名词解释1.报章文体:是指出现在报刊上,不同于当时流行文坛的桐城派古文的,比较通俗浅白的文体。
王韬发明。
这种文体的特点表现为:半文半白,平易畅达,笔锋常带感情。
有时还加以口语和外来语。
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南开大学722新闻传播学基础2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目:新闻传播学理论基础专业:新闻学传播学一、填空(1×30=30分)1.受众在大众传播过程中所享有的基本权利包括()()和()。
2.二十世纪60年代中期,德国社会学家格林把()与原子能、宇宙空间技术的发明称为“人类历史上具有划时代意义的三大事件”。
3.按照美国新闻的划分标准,报纸新闻一般表现为四种形式,即()()()和()。
4.列宁在强调党报党性原则的同时,也提出了()()的原则。
5.二十世纪50年代,台湾当局“报禁”包括三项内容,即()()和()。
6.目前,在中国期刊市场中,较有影响力的新闻周刊(含旬刊、双周刊)有()()()()。
7.二十世纪60年代初期,《人民日报》《北京晚报》和《前线》半月刊,分别开辟了()()和()三个杂文栏目,主要作者有()()()。
8.()在担任《新民晚报》总编辑期间,曾积极倡导“短些,短些,再短些;广些,广些,再广些;软些,软些,再软些”的方针。
9.在新中国成立初期,中共中央和毛泽东主席曾采用政治斗争的方式,发动了()()和()三次较大规模的学术文化讨论和批判运动,造成了严重的错误。
10.在日本的“锁国时代”,幕府了解海外信息的唯一渠道是()。
11.十九世纪40年代,俄国最杰出的民主主义思想家是()和()。
二、名词解释(3×10=30分)1.《海瑞罢官》2.约翰·弥尔顿3.文本分析4.新闻价值5.硬新闻与软新闻6.文化帝国主义7.让·保尔·马拉8.梁效9.路透社10.“电子乌托邦”三、简答题(10×5=50分)1.试述“伊利调查”的理论成果。
2.为什么说信息概念的引入引起了中国新闻界的一场革命?3.试述“珠江模式”对中国广播事业改革的启示。
4.恩格斯曾经指出:“诽谤法、叛国法和渎神法,都沉重地压在出版事业身上……英国出版5.自由一百年来苟延残喘,完全靠政府当局的恩典。
”请结合英国报业的史实,谈谈你对这段话的理解。
6.试述新闻业务的三个主要环节与新闻选择的关系。
四、论述题(20×2=40分)1.试运用传播学的相关理论,结合现实问题,论述电视和网络媒体所应担负的社会责任。
2.试论新闻媒介在现代民主政治中的地位和作用。
4.2.1 2010年真题答案一、填空题1.知情权、表达权、监督权2.电视3.略4.略5.略6.《新闻周刊》、《凤凰周刊》、《》(不确定)7.略8.赵超构9.文化大革命、整风运动和~10.《荷兰传闻书》11.赫尔岑车尔尼雪夫斯基(不是很确定,以书中的为准)二、名词解释1.《海瑞罢官》:1959年4月,毛泽东针对干部中不敢讲真话的问题,提倡学习海瑞“刚正不阿,直言敢谏”的精神。
北京市副市长、著名明史专家吴晗遂于6月间发表了《海瑞骂皇帝》一文。
之后,他又相继写出《论海瑞》、《海瑞罢官》等文章和剧本。
1962年,江青提出要批判《海瑞罢官》。
1965年初,江青到上海秘密策划炮制批判文章。
19 65年11月10日,上海《文汇报》刊出由江清、张春桥等共同策划,姚文元执笔的批判文章《评新编历史剧〈海瑞罢官〉》,捕风捉影地把《海瑞罢官》中所写的“退田”、“平冤狱”同“单干风”、“翻案风”联系在一起。
1966年4月,《人民日报》、《红旗》杂志等报刊先后发表《〈海瑞骂皇帝〉和〈海瑞罢官〉的反动实质》、《〈海瑞骂皇帝〉和〈海瑞罢官〉是反党反社会主义的大毒草》等文章,进而把皇帝罢了海瑞的官,同庐山会议上撤消了彭德怀职务一事联系在一起,使对《海瑞罢官》的批判带上更为浓重的政治色彩。
史学界、文艺界、哲学界等社会科学领域开始进行全面的“揭盖子”。
对《海瑞罢官》的批判,成为发动“文化大革命”的导火线。
2.约翰•弥尔顿约翰·弥尔顿(John Milton,1608~1674)英国诗人、政论家,民主斗士。
1644年为争取言论自由而写了《论出版自由》,为新闻传播事业开辟了道路,也为新闻自由理论奠定了基础。
3.文本分析:文本(text),与讯息(message)的意义大致相同,指的是有一定的符号或符码组成的信息结构体,这种结构体可采用不同的表现形态,如语言的、文字的、影像的等等。
文本是由特定的人制作的,文本的语义不可避免地会反映人的特定立场、观点、价值和利益。
因此,由文本内容分析,可以推断文本提供者的意图和目的。
文本分析是指对文本的表示及其特征项的选取;文本分析是文本挖掘、信息检索的一个基本问题,它把从文本中抽取出的特征词进行量化来表示文本信息。
4.新闻价值:所谓新闻价值,就是指凝聚在新闻事实中的社会需求,就是新闻本身之所以存在的客观理由,在我们比较固定的认识中,它包括时效性、重要性、显著性、接近性以及趣味性等几个基本属性。
5.硬新闻与软新闻:硬新闻指题材较为严肃,着重于思想性、指导性和知识性的政治、经济、科技新闻。
硬新闻有极其严格的时间要求。
软新闻指人情味较浓、写得较轻松活泼、易于引起受众感官刺激和阅读、视听兴趣、。
软新闻没有时间的紧迫性。
6.文化帝国主义:文化帝国主义(cultural imperialism)并不是一个很新的概念,它是在20世纪60年代反对“新帝国主义”的国际环境下诞生的。
所谓“新帝国主义”指的是在战后许多殖民地国家获得民族独立的条件下,帝国主义的扩张战略有军事手段和直接的殖民统治为主,那么“新帝国主义”就属于经济帝国主义和文化帝国主义。
文化帝国主义并不是一个孤立的现象,而是帝国主义总过程的一部分,在文化扩张的过程中,由于大众传播媒介是一种有力的传播手段,因此有些学者也把文化帝国主义称为“媒介帝国主义”。
7.让保尔马拉:法国政治家、医生,法国大革命时期民主派革命家。
他创办的《人民之友》报(初称《巴黎政论家》),成为支持激进民主措施的喉舌。
8.梁效:梁效,即“两校”的谐音,是文革时期批林批孔运动中,北京大学、清华大学大批判组的笔名,1973年9月4日第一次公开亮相,1976年10月“四人帮”被摧毁后,梁效也随即退出历史舞台。
9.路透社:(Reuters),,是世界前三大的多媒体新闻通讯社,提供各类新闻和金融数据,在128个国家运行。
路透提供新闻报道给报刊、电视台等各式媒体,并向来以迅速、准确享誉国际。
1851年成立于英国伦敦。
10.“电子乌托邦”:是一种认为网络可以解决人类社会的一切问题的倾向思想。
而这种观点是片面。
在大众传媒大战的今天已经成为了一种与社会制度和文化紧密相连的大型社会信息系统,而对于这样一个强大的系统会发挥什么作用在于使用者和管理者,在于具体的历史和社会条件。
“电子乌托邦”思想是建立在对新媒介某些技术特性的期待的基础上的。
例如,有的学者认为,电子传播网络的双向性使每个人既是传播者又是受传者,它将改变传统的大众传播过程受到传播者支配的局面,使传播过程变得更加平等,而这种平等也必然带来社会关系的平等;但是,单纯的技术上的可能性并不能必然保证理想的社会形态的出现,而是需要更加复杂的社会条件。
历史渊源:在大众传统传媒发展和普及的初期阶段,不少人就对它有过乌托邦式的期待,例如布莱士、库利、麦克卢汉等三、简答题1.简述“伊里调查”的理论成果。
拉扎斯费菲尔德等人在1940年美国大选期间,围绕大众传播的竞选宣传,对选民投票意向的影响所做的一项实证调查的研究报告。
这次调查是在伊里县进行的,所以又称“伊里调查”,调查结果在1948年“人民的选择”为题正式出版。
这次研究提出了许多有关大众传播效果的重要理论观点,如“先有倾向”的作用,“选择性接触”机制,“补强效果”、“中介效果”、“意见领袖”与“两级传播”等等。
结果显示,大众传播并没有直接左右选民投票意向的力量,所以单一的大众传播并不能直接改变人的态度,大众传播的效果受到多种因素的制约。
这些观点对否定早期的“魔弹论”的效果观起了重要作用。
这次研究提出了许多有关大众传播效果的重要理论观点,如“政治既有倾向”假说、“选择性接触”假说、“意见领袖”和“两级传播”等等。
2.为何说信息概念的引入是中国新闻界的一场革命?【提示】信息这一概念本身就使无形的“信息”概念化,便于普及,同时也使人们认识到信息和信息传播的重要性。
3.试述“珠江模式”对中国广播事业改革的启示。
【提示】珠江经济台的开播是我国广播在"节目主持人"、"大板块节目"等改革探索的基础上对一个台的体制、系列台的建设、广播的发展总体方向的全新探索。
它取得的成果和经验被称为"珠江模式"。
珠江经济台的成功,在国内外产生了很大的影响。
许多地方陆续开办了经济电台,主持人、大板块、直播、热线电话、听众参与等节目形式被广泛采用。
在"珠江模式"的推动下,受到电视冲击的我国广播事业重新焕发了生机。
4. 恩格斯曾指出:……【提示】结合英国报业的发展谈诽谤法等限制新闻传播自由再到争取言论自由的历史(如约翰弥尔顿的《论出版自由》等等)5.试述新闻业务的三个主要环节与新闻选择的关系。
【提示】可以参照把关理论来解答此题,如巴斯的双重行动模型,麦克内利的多环节模型等,论述在不同环节不同的把关和选择。
四、论述题1.试用传播学的相关理论,结合现实问题,论述电视和网络媒体所应担负的社会责任。
【提示】媒体的社会责任,可结合媒体的社会功能来回答,环境监测、社会教化功能,再补充一些其他的,如舆论监督等。
当然,网络媒体可能又有新的责任,如民众参与权等。
2.试论新闻媒介在现代民主政治中的地位和作用。
【提示】舆论监督功能:如水门事件等;民主化功能:如网络赋权,网民参政议政;信息沟通交流的平台:如网络问政等等。
4.3 南开大学722新闻传播学基础2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题2011年回忆版真题一、填空(1×20=20分)2、从传播发展历史来看传播的手段包括()()()()4、民国后的名记者有黄远生,刘少少()()()()()()7、60年代大鸣大放其间上海表现突出的报纸是()北京的是()8、美国著名的周刊()()()二、名词解释1.普利策2.英敛之3.“热媒介”冷媒介4.意见领袖5.现实受众和潜在受众6.“自我互动”理论三、简答题1.谈谈对下面话的理解。
2.传播制度中的民主参与理论的主要观点是什么?3.作为《循环日报》的创办人,王韬在一系文章中论述了哪些问题?4.简述杰斐逊的新闻自由观。
5.在《民呼日报》被查封后,……“民吁”二字的含义是什么?四、论述题结合现实论述新闻媒介的正效应和负效应。
五综合题论述新闻媒介的正负效应2一段关于“失控姐”的材料,求论述。
4.3.1 2011年真题答案一、填空题1.广泛性、混杂性、隐蔽性。