外文翻译文献综述-精选文档
文献综述及外文翻译
关于钢铁制造企业的物料控制研究参考文献综述学号408417011320，姓名党杨前言：依美国生产及库存管理学会(American Production and Inventory Control Sociery,APICS)的定义，物料（Materials）是指制造产品或提供服务时所需直接或间接投入的物料。
物料一词所涉及的范围相当广泛，除企业生产过程中所需直接投入的物料外，还涉及所需间接投入的物料。
而物料控制简称物控，是指对企业生产经营活动所需各种物料的储存、请购与采购、收发、保管与搬运等业务活动进行的计划、实施及控制。
随着全球经济一体化进程的加快，制造企业正面临市场预测不准、计划多变、物料控制难度大、物流成本居高不下等严峻问题。
如何建立高效的物料控制运作体系，提高物料控制对生产与销售计划变动的适应性和快速反应能力；如何有效控制物料消耗，控制物料库存和在制品占用；如何强化采购业务管理，提升物料跟催力敌，确保物料供应；如何根据ISO9000和TS16949国际质量认证要求，实行物料从入库接收、储存保管到出库、配送全过程规范管理等，已成为制造企业降低物流成本、提升对市场需求快速反应能力的关键。
从查找的文献来看，我们了解到目前针对物料控制的研究越来越多，解决方法也各不相同，本文从近几年我国学者研究物料控制以及成本计划的相关文献20余篇中选择了其中的10篇，来说明我国物料管理的一些现实问题和发展方向。
在研读文献之后，笔者可以获知目前国内学者对物料控制的研究主要有以下三个方向：1.面向订单的物料控制；2.面向供应链的物料控制；3.面向物料清单管理的物料控制。
正文：物料控制的研究早在18世纪70年代的英国就已经初现雏形。
傅和彦的《现代物料管理》指出，自工业革命开始后，工厂制度逐渐形成。
物料的采购、储存、存量管制、加工及呆废料的处理问题等处处影响工厂经营的绩效与盈亏，物料控制因而逐渐引起普遍的重视，18世纪70年代单边检验的应用及双边检验的出现，开创了物品品质检验的里程碑。
文献综述英文参考文献
文献综述英文参考文献When delving into the realm of scholarly research, it's crucial to recognize the value of a comprehensiveliterature review. References, particularly in English,offer a window into the global dialogue surrounding a topic. Here are a few examples of English references for aliterature review, keeping in mind the need for variety in expression and avoiding formal transitions.One noteworthy study conducted by Smith and Johnson examined the impact of digital media on youth culture. They argue that social media platforms have revolutionized how young people communicate and form identities. Theirfindings provide valuable insights into the modern landscape of youth engagement.In a different vein, Brown's analysis of environmental policy focuses on the role of science in shaping policy decisions. She argues that while scientific data is crucial, political agendas and public opinion often play a largerrole in determining environmental outcomes. Her work highlights the complexity of environmental policymaking.On the topic of education, Davis explores the challenges faced by rural schools in providing quality education. He notes the lack of resources and limited access to technology as major obstacles. Davis's insights offer a unique perspective on the disparities in education across geographic regions.Moving to the realm of healthcare, Thompson's study focuses on the impact of mental health on overall well-being. She argues that mental illnesses are often overlooked, despite their significant impact onindividuals' daily lives. Thompson's work sheds light on the need for greater awareness and support for mental health issues.Lastly, Lee's investigation into the history of feminism provides.。
英语笔译文献综述
英语笔译文献综述Here is an essay on the topic of "A Literature Review on English-Chinese Translation" with over 1000 words, written in English without any additional punctuation marks in the body of the text.The field of English-Chinese translation has been a subject of extensive research and study for decades. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the demand for accurate and effective translation services has grown significantly. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research in this field, highlighting key themes, methodologies, and areas for further exploration.One of the primary focuses in English-Chinese translation research has been on the linguistic and cultural challenges inherent in the process. Scholars have examined the differences in grammatical structures, idioms, and cultural references between the two languages, and how these disparities can impact the quality and accuracy of translations. Studies have explored strategies for navigating these challenges, such as the use of machine translation, the role of human translators, and the importance of cultural awareness and adaptation.Another area of research has been the impact of technological advancements on the translation industry. The rise of machine translation, computer-assisted translation tools, and cloud-based platforms has transformed the way translation services are delivered. Researchers have investigated the strengths and limitations of these technologies, as well as the implications for the role of human translators in the future. Additionally, studies have examined the ethical considerations surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in translation, such as issues of data privacy, bias, and the potential displacement of human workers.The quality and evaluation of English-Chinese translations have also been the subject of extensive research. Scholars have developed frameworks and methodologies for assessing the accuracy, fluency, and overall effectiveness of translations, taking into account factors such as linguistic equivalence, cultural appropriateness, and the intended purpose of the translation. These evaluation methods have been applied to a wide range of translation contexts, including literary works, technical documents, and business communications.Another area of focus in the field of English-Chinese translation is the training and professional development of translators. Researchers have explored the skills, knowledge, and competencies required for effective translation, and have investigated the bestpractices for educating and training translators. This includes the use of translation-specific curricula, the integration of technology into the learning process, and the importance of ongoing professional development and certification.In addition to these core areas of research, scholars have also examined the role of English-Chinese translation in various domains, such as international business, education, and healthcare. These studies have explored the unique challenges and considerations that arise in these specialized contexts, and have provided insights into the strategies and approaches that can lead to successful translations.Despite the significant progress that has been made in the field of English-Chinese translation, there are still many areas that require further research and exploration. For example, the impact of globalization and the increasing use of English as a lingua franca on translation practices is an emerging area of interest. Additionally, the ethical implications of translation, such as the potential for misrepresentation or the perpetuation of cultural biases, warrant deeper examination.Furthermore, the field of English-Chinese translation would benefit from more interdisciplinary collaboration, drawing on insights from fields such as linguistics, cognitive science, and cultural studies. By fostering a more holistic and multifaceted approach to translationresearch, scholars can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances involved in the process.In conclusion, the field of English-Chinese translation has been the subject of extensive research and study, yielding valuable insights into the linguistic, cultural, and technological challenges involved in the translation process. As the demand for translation services continues to grow, it is crucial that researchers and practitioners work together to advance the field, develop innovative solutions, and ensure the highest quality of translation services. By doing so, they can contribute to greater cross-cultural understanding and effective communication in an increasingly globalized world.。
文献综述英文作文
文献综述英文作文1. The study by Smith et al. (2018) focused on the impact of social media on mental health among teenagers. The findings revealed a significant correlation between excessive social media use and symptoms of anxiety and depression.2. In a different study conducted by Johnson and Brown (2017), the researchers explored the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. The results indicated that regular exercise was associated with improved memory and cognitive abilities.3. A recent meta-analysis by Lee and Kim (2019) examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress and anxiety. The analysis found that mindfulness practices were effective in reducing symptoms of stress and anxiety across various populations.4. The research by Garcia et al. (2020) investigatedthe impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. The study demonstrated that sleep deprivation led to impairments in attention, memory, and decision-making abilities.5. Another study by Patel and Jones (2016) explored the role of nutrition in mental health. The findings suggested that a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids was associated with lower rates of depression and anxiety.6. The review by Wang and Li (2018) examined the prevalence of smartphone addiction among college students. The review highlighted the negative consequences of excessive smartphone use, including decreased academic performance and social isolation.7. A study by Chang et al. (2019) investigated the relationship between social support and resilience in individuals facing adversity. The findings indicated that strong social support networks were associated with higher levels of resilience and psychological well-being.8. The research by Taylor and Smith (2017) explored the impact of music therapy on individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The study found that music therapy interventions were effective in improving social skills, communication, and emotional regulation in individuals with autism.。
3000字外文文献翻译
Human resource management more and more drives value. Under the system that economy development mature, human resource management have to match with fight for the best resources performance, if out of character of the manpower form couples out of character of post, the resources performance be not only whole have no, or may have already exhaust. The modern economy stress balance and match, promote management effect and quality vegetable, will human resource match with make balance, the inside contents establish human resource structure frame, use most in keeping with of the person do most in keeping with of work. Establishment human resource terrace is a communication and collection information way, everyone's opinion comprehensive, give up short take long, with processing salary, welfare etc. affair. Human resource most the importance be a training and development, human resource development have to investment at training aspect, with exertive each stratum of human resource potential.人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。
文献综述及外文文献翻译
⽂献综述及外⽂⽂献翻译华中科技⼤学⽂华学院毕业设计（论⽂）外⽂⽂献翻译（本科学⽣⽤）题⽬：Plc based control system for the music fountain 学⽣姓名：_周训⽅___学号：060108011117 学部（系）: 信息学部专业年级: _06⾃动化（1）班_指导教师：张晓丹___职称或学位：助教__20 年⽉⽇外⽂⽂献翻译（译成中⽂1000字左右）：【主要阅读⽂献不少于5篇，译⽂后附注⽂献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论⽂题⽬）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。
提供所译外⽂资料附件（印刷类含封⾯、封底、⽬录、翻译部分的复印件等，⽹站类的请附⽹址及原⽂】英⽂节选原⽂：Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8-bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16-and 32-bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that you’ll find mostly Hitachi and Fujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemens in European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of communication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output. PLC controllers have complex routines for memory checkup in order to ensure that PLC memory was not damaged (memory checkup is done for safety reasons).Generally speaking, CPU unit makes a great number of check-ups of the PLC controller itself so eventual errors would be discovered early. You can simply look at any PLC controller and see that there are several indicators in the form. of light diodes for error signalization.System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated forma ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case where user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology this process was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development.User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts of a memory are used for storing input and output status. The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/ each input or output has one corresponding b it in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory.PLC controller can be reprogrammed through a computer (usual way), but also through manual programmers (consoles). This practically means that each PLC controller can programmed through a computer if you have the software needed for programming. Today’s transmission computers are ideal for reprogramming a PLC cont roller in factory itself. This is of great importance to industry. Once the system is corrected, it is also important to read the right program into a PLC again. It is also good to check from time to time whether program in a PLC has not changed. This helps to avoid hazardous situations in factory rooms (some automakers have established communication networks which regularly check programs in PLC controllers to ensure execution only of good programs). Almost every program for programming a PLC controller possesses various useful options such as: forced switching on and off of the system input/outputs (I/O lines),program follow up in real time as well as documenting a diagram. This documenting is necessary to understand and define failures and malfunctions. Programmer can add remarks, names of input or output devices, and comments that can be useful when finding errors, or with system maintenance. Adding comments and remarks enables any technician (and not just a person who developed the system) to understand a ladder diagram right away. Comments and remarks can even quote precisely part numbers if replacements would be needed. This would speed up a repair of any problems that come up due to bad parts. The old way was such that a person who developed a system had protection on the program, so nobody aside from this person could understand how it was done. Correctly documented ladder diagram allows any technician to understand thoroughly how system functions.Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit. Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. On some PLC controllers you’ll find electrical supply as a separate module. Those are usually bigger PLC controllers, while small and medium series already contain the supply module. User has to determine how much current to take from I/O module to ensure that electrical supply provides appropriate amount of current. Different types of modules use different amounts of electrical current. This electrical supply is usually not used to start external input or output. User has to provide separate supplies in starting PLC controller inputs because then you can ensure so called “pure” supply for the PLC controller. With pure supply we mean supply where industrial environment can not affect it damagingly. Some of the smaller PLC controllers supply their inputs with voltage from a small supply source already incorporated into a PLC.中⽂翻译：从结构上分，PLC分为固定式和组合式（模块式）两种。
外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文中文翻译格式：
标题：将外文标题翻译成中文，可以在括号内标明外文标题
摘要：将外文摘要翻译成中文，包括问题陈述、研究目的、方法、结果和结论等内容。
关键词：将外文关键词翻译成中文。
引言：对外文论文引言进行翻译，概述问题的背景、重要性和研究现状。
方法：对外文论文方法部分进行翻译，包括研究设计、数据采集和分析方法等。
结果：对外文论文结果部分进行翻译，介绍研究结果和统计分析等内容。
讨论：对外文论文讨论部分进行翻译，对研究结果进行解释和评价。
结论：对外文论文结论部分进行翻译，总结研究的主要发现和意义。
附录：如果外文论文有附录部分，需要进行翻译并按照指定的格式进行排列。
文献综述模板格式：
标题：文献综述标题
引言：对文献综述的背景、目的和方法进行说明。
综述内容：按照时间、主题或方法等进行分类，对相关文献进行综述，可以分段进行描述。
讨论：对综述内容进行解释和评价，概括主要研究成果和趋势。
结论：总结文献综述，概括主要发现和意义。
要求说明：
1.外文中文翻译要准确无误，语句通顺流畅，做到质量高、符合学术
规范。
2.文献综述要选择与所研究领域相关的文献进行综述，覆盖面要广，
内容要全面、准确并有独立思考。
4.文献综述要注重整体结构和逻辑连贯性，内容要有层次感，段落间
要过渡自然。
5.外文中文翻译和文献综述要进行查重，确保原文与译文的一致性，
并避免抄袭和剽窃行为。
英语笔译文献综述
英语笔译文献综述English:In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of English translation studies, particularly in the context of Chinese academia. Scholars have been exploring various aspects of translation, including theories, methodologies, and practical applications. Some key research areas include the analysis of translation strategies, the examination of cultural implications in translation, and the investigation of translator competence. Additionally, the impact of technology on translation practice and the role of ethics in translation have also been important areas of focus. Studies in English translation literature have provided valuable insights into the complexities and challenges of cross-cultural communication, highlighting the importance of accurate and effective translation in fostering mutual understanding and communication between different linguistic and cultural communities.中文翻译:近年来，在英语翻译研究领域，特别是在中国学术界，越来越受到关注。
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3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式 要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但 在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去 (见原文)。
5、原文中出现的专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可 不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
6. 上缴翻文及PDF的原文
艺流程 多轴加工设计内容 包括：齿轮、轴的设计、机床夹具、多轴加工、钻床改造
设计 组合机床液压传动设计内容 包括：液压传动、液压阀、泵、液压缸、液压站、液压技
术
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述的基本特征： 1. 综合性
（对某一时期同一课题的所有主要研究 成果的综合概括） 2. 描述性 （对被介绍的观点作客观性的描述） 3. 评价性 （表明自己的观点和主张。“述”与 “评’）
性 11.组合机床组成 12.组合机床工艺方案制定
齿轮传动多轴头应用与设计
1.齿轮传动多轴头应用 2.齿轮传动多轴头的总体设计 齿轮传动多轴头加工机床的组成 机床的选择 联接部件和传动部件的结构 导向部件 多轴头加工的夹具
齿轮传动多轴头应用与设计
3.齿轮传动多轴头设计 齿轮传动多轴头组成 齿轮传动多轴头的设计步骤 齿轮传动多轴头的传动系统设计计算 4.机床夹具设计 机床夹具的作用 机床夹具的分类 专用夹具的组成 钻床夹具 钻床夹具的设计要点
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述的结论 文献研究的结论，概括指出自己对该课题的研
究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等 文献综述的附录 列出参考文献，说明文献综述所依据的资料，
增加综述的可信度，便于读者进一步检索。 文献综述要文字简洁，围绕课题研究的“问
题”，尽量避免大量引用原文，要用自己的语 言把作者的观点说清楚，从原始文献中得出一 般性结论。
外文翻译基本要求
1. 正式出版发行的外文科研论文 2. 2. 提交译文和原文 3. 翻译语句通顺 4. 格式满足学校要求
具体要求和注意点：
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主 （Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可 以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称、关键词、摘要、 前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述格式一般包括 文献综述的引言
包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、 正文的标题及基本内容提要； 文献综述的正文 是文献综述的主要内容，包括某一课题研究的 历史 (寻求研究问题的发展历程)、现状、基本 内容 (寻求认识的进步)， 研究方法的分析(寻求 研究方法的借鉴)，已解决的问题和尚存的问题， 重点阐述对当前的影响及发展趋势
组合机床设计
1.组合机床组成及特点 2.组合机床的工艺范围 3.确定组合机床工艺方案的基本原则 4.组合机床方案分析比较的主要指标 5.组合机床行业发展历史概况 6.组合机床的设计思想 8.组合机床常用工艺方法 9确定组合机床工艺方案的原则 10.组合机床不同配置形式的特点及适应
机械加工工艺与工装设计
1.工艺和工装设计介绍 2.生产过程与工艺过程: 3.工艺过程的组成: 4.机械加工工艺规程及其作用: 5.齿轮的材料、热处理和毛坯 6.齿轮轮齿的加工方法 7.圆柱齿轮加工工艺和常用工艺装备 8.光滑尺寸的检查及量具设计
箱体零件加工工艺
.1.结构特点及技术要求 2.毛坯和材料的选择 3.加工工艺的设计
1）.加工顺序安排 2）.定位基准的选择 3）.主要表面的加工方法 4）.孔系加工
箱体零件加工工艺
4.夹具设计 5.光滑尺寸的检查及量具设计 6.切削刀具材料选择及设计
液压系统设计文献综述
1.组合机床的液压传动 2.液压传动的组成与类型 3.液压系统的拟定 4.选择液压回路 5.液压系统图的拟定 6.液压元件的选型 7.液压控制阀组的集成化设计 8.液压站的设计
如何找外文原文
手工查找图书馆期刊部收藏的外文期刊 检索图书馆外文数据库 利用网络检索 google 、google scholor （scholor.google）等外文学术收索引擎。
题目相关内容
工艺工装设计内容 包括：各种切削加工及工艺、齿轮加工、机床夹具、齿轮
的制造方法、箱体的加工 组合机床设计内容 包括：组合机床设计、机床设计、机床夹具、组合机床工