英语国家国情所有QUIZ整理
英语专业国家概况期末复习总结
英语专业国家概况期末复习总结英语国家概况名词解释1. The civil rights movement(1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states.2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each.3. King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends.4. The Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.5. RiverdanceRiverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides.6. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them.7. The CommonwealthIt is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.8. MaoritangaMaoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions.9. The “Washminster” form polityThe ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the politicalstructure of the government is based on a Federation of States with a three-tier system of government. However, the chief executive is a Prime Minster, instead of a President as in the US system.10 Martin Luther King, Jr.A black Baptist minister, he was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rightsmovement of the 1960s. To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of "marches", including the March on Washington of August 1963, when King delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech. As a civil rights leader, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.简答题1. Explain your understanding of how the United States is governed according to its constitution, including its polity and the check and balance mechanism of governing.In the course of the Convention, the delegates designed a new form of government for the United States. He plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. There are three branches of the federal government: legislative branch, executive branch and judicial branch. The legislative Branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the states and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. It consists of a Congress that is divided into two houses: The House of Representatives and The Senate.The chief executive of the United States is the president, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only two terms. The power of the presidency are formidable, but not without limitations. And the president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. Under the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other nations.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement, and can only be removed from office through the process of impeachment and trail in the Congress. The Supreme Court today consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.When Americans talk about their three-part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of "checks and balances". This system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made byone branch or another. But sometimes they do not work the way as they are supposed to work. Here are a example of checks and balances:If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. And the Senate must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments.2. How do you understand the saying:” British history has been a history of invasion.”?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1stcentury AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it for slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the knights' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. A Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alfred the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between northerners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, killed the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy ruled Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That directly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, we can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power gradually transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So theconstitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.3. Which foreign festival do you like best and why?Among all those foreign festivals, Christmas is my favorite. and I believe it's also the biggest and best loved holiday in many western countries.There are plenty of reasons for me to love Christmas. In western countries, schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. While Christmas has aChristian meaning--it commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ--celebrations of the Winter Solstice have taken place since ancient times and some "Christian" traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plants like holly and ivy, or kissing under a twig of mistletoe, are actually Celtic or pagan traditions. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly funny.One is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. The "panto " is usually based on a version of a traditional children's story like Cinderella, written to include songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by adults and children. The main man character--the "principal boy"--is played by a young woman. In the days when women wore long skirts, it was considered rather naughty to see a woman appear in an outfit which revealed the shape of her legs. The main female character is a middle-aged, often ugly woman called "the Dame." The Dame is played by a man, often a famous actor or sportsman. When he appears in heavy make up, skirtsand woman's shoes, it is considered very humorous. The audience is encouraged to cheer the hero on and boo when the villain appears.Another Christmas tradition in British is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. The British Queen is also the Queen of other nations, like Canada and Australia, and so her message is broadcast to her millions of subjects throughout the world. She usually talks about the year that has passed and expresses her hopes for the future.The third funny tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed and most people cannot even tell you what one is supposed to do on Boxing Day. Some think it involves the sport of boxing and others think it has something to do with the Boxer uprising in China. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices. But for most people, however, Boxing Day is a day for visiting, eating and relaxing.。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
英语国家概况知识点(绝对全)
英语国家概况知识点（绝对全）第一部分英国第一章英国地理1. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.3. About a hund red years ago, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.4. The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain commonwealth in 1931,which is a free association of independent counties that were once colonies of Britain.5. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.6. Britain has, for centuries, been tilting with the northwest slowly rising, and the southeast slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands. The southeast and east are mainly lowlands.7. The pennies, a range of hills running from north midlands to Scottish border, are the principal mountain chain.8. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Britain, and the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in Britain.9. There are three natural zones in Scotland: the highlands in the north, the central lowlands, and the southern uplands. The lowlands in the center comprise mostly the forth and Clyde valleys.10. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.11. Scotland has about 800 islands, including the Orkney, Shetlands and Hebrides.苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。
英语国家概况知识点总结
英语国家概况知识点总结Full name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandOthers names: The United Kingdom /The UK/Britain/The Great Britain/The British Lion/England/The British IslesBritish Isles: 范围最大，包含了大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛及其附近的许多小岛U K : Includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandGreat Britain: Includes only England, Scotland and WalesArea : 242,514 square kilometers (93,635square miles) Population: about 60,587,300National capital: LondonNational Flag: The Union JackNational Anthem: God Save the Queen/KingComponents:England:1.The largest and the most populated country of UK. It occupies more thanhalf the island of Great Britain.2.Area: 130,281 square kilometers (53.7 percent)3. Population: 50,762,900(83.8 percent) 401 people per square kilo4. Capital: London (the seat of government, center of business, the heart of artsand culture, dominates England just like England dominates TheUK)Scotland:1.The second largest of the four nations both in area and population .no longerhas a separate legislature and executive, and its economy is integrated intothat of the rest of Britain. But it does have a separate administration,different legal and educational systems as well as its Presbyterian nationalchurch. Above all it has retained much of its distinct cultural identity.2.area: 77,925 square kilometers(32.1 percent)3.population: 5,116,900 (8.4persent) 65 people per square kilo4.capital: Edinburgh (on the east cost represent the capital of theregion)5.the l argest city is Glasgow (In the west)Wales:1. A peninsular jutting from England into the Irish Sea, and is the smallestamong the three nations on the island of Britain. And has been dominated byEngland for longer period than the other three nations since its officiallyunion with England in 1536(actually England has ruled Wales in 1343 butnot officially recognized)2.area: 20732 square kilometers (8.5percent)3.population: 2,965,900(4.9persent) 142 people per square kilo4.capital: Cardiff (southern Wales) serving as an important seaport andindustrial center5.Wales retained a unique cultural social and economic development,notably its national language, Welsh, and a devolved Welsh Assembly Northern Ireland:1.Often referred to as the province of Ulster, is part of the island Ireland locatedin its northeast corner. And is the smallest both in area and population among the four nations of the UK.2.area: 13,576square kilometers (5.7 percent of the UK and one six of the islandof Ireland )3.population：1,741,600（2.9 percent）4.capital:Belfast (a seaport on the east cost , is a center of shipbuilding andlinen textiles and it created the Titanic)5.。
英语国家概况笔记(全)
Part one the United Kingdom of Britain and North Ire landp3 1 What’s the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the UK and the British Commonwealth?2 tell3 geographical names of the UK3 tell the 3 political divisions on the island of Great Britainp4 1 the British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth of the Commonwealth of Nations in 19312 the Commonwealth3 Describe the geographical position(features) of Britain4 it is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south andthe North Sea in the east5 the English Channelp5 1 Chunnel2 the north and west of Britain are mainly highlands.3 England occupies the largest, southern part of Great Britain with Wales to itswest and Scotland to its north.4 Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowlandp6 1 the Pennines2 tell the3 natural zones in Scotland3 Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain is located Scotland.p7 1 in Britain, the longest river is the Seven River2 Thames Riverp8 the largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in Northern Irelandp9 1 What factors influence the climate in Britain 2 tell the characteristics of Britain’s climatep11 1 Describe the distribution of Britain’s population2 Britain has a population of 57,411,0003 Britain is a densely populated country with an average of 237 people per squarekilometre and it is very unevenly distributed.p12 1 What is the difference between ancestors of the English and Scot, Welsh and Irish 2 During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic Angles and Saxonsinvaded and conquered Britain.13 It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that theEnglish people and the English language were born.p13 1 What are the differences in character and speech between southern England andnorthern England2 in Britain, southerners speak the type of English closer to BBC English3 Cockney4 the ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient Britonsp14 1 Eisteddfodau2 How do the Welsh keep their language and culture?3 What’s the main problem in North Ireland?p15 1 the immigrants came from the West Indies, India and Pakistan(排除型选择)2 Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?p16 1 the first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians2 Why do we say that English nation is a mixture on nationality of different origin?p17 1 Earliest invasion of England is by Celts2 the Celts began to arrive about 700 BC and kept coming until the arrival of theRomans.p18 1 the Celts’s religion was Druidism2 British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion3 Julius Caesar4 for nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupationp19 1 Hadrian’s Wall2 Antonine Wall3 York had been created as a northern strongholdp20 1 the first Christian Emperor, Constantine, was proclaimed in AD 3062 tell why the Roman impact upon the Britons was surprisingly limited3 Who were the Anglo-Saxons, how did Heptarchy come into being?p21 1 Angles2 seven principal kingdoms3 Heptarchy4 when the Northumbrians submitted to him and took him for their master in 829,Egbert actually became an overlord of all the English5 the Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britainp22 1 a monk called Columba established a monastery.22 St. Augustine3 What contributions did the early Anglo-Saxons make to English state?p23 1 Witan2 Anglo-Saxons also established the manorial system3 Anglo-Saxons created the Witan4 Alfred5 the Danelaw6 Alfred is known as “the father of the British navy”7 Alfred the Greatp24 King Edward, the “Confessor”, seemed more concerned with the building ofWestminster Abbey than with affairs of state.p25 1 tell the reason of the battle on Hastings 2 1066, William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishopof Yorkp26 1 the Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history.2 William the Conqueror3 the Norman Conquest4 the modern names of England English derive from the Angles5 Who were the Vikings?6 What do you know about St Augustine?p27 1 under William’s system, at the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeinsor serfs, unfree peasants who were little better than slaves.2 William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon Kings, with the GrandCouncil of his new tenants in chiefp28 1 Domesday Book2 Domesday Book completed in 1086, was the result of a general survey of Englandmade in 1085p29 1 William, known as William Rufus because of his red complexion2 Henry II was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.3 How did King Henry II consolidate the monarchy?p30 1 How did Henry II reform the courts & law?2 In Henry II’s reign a common law, was gradually established in place of thecustoms of the manor.p31 1 What was the qurrel between King Henry II and Thomas Becket?2 exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy that brought King Henry into3collision with Thomas Becket3 the Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of Clarendon in 1164p32 Geoffrey Chaucerp33 1 What was the contents and significance of Great Charter?2 the Baron’s charter3 Magna Carta4 with the utmost reluctance, the king was forced to put his seal to the GreatCharter on June 19, 12155 Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses6 a committee of 24 barons plus the Mayor of London was chosen to help the king carryout the Great Charterp34 1 Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?2 in 1242 HenryIII undertook an expensive war with France which ended with the lossof the whole of Poitou.3 Simon de Montfort4 Provisions of Oxford5 Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster.p36 1 handreds years war between England and France lasted from 1337—14532 What were the causes of Handreds Years War?3 Battle of Argencourt4 Joan de Arc5 By 1453, Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of theEnglish.6 Why the expulsion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries?p37 1 Black Death2 as a result of the black death, much land was left untended and there was aterrible shortage of labour.3 during the black death period, in 1351, the government issued a Statute ofLabourersp38 1 What do you know about Wat Tyler’s Uprising?2 the Peasant Uprising3 the Lollardsp39 during the peasant uprising, many hundreds of rebels were put to death byKing Richard.p40 1 Wars of the Roses42 the instablility was caused by the two branches of the Plantagenet family,theHouse of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485.p41 1 on Aug 22, 1458 at Bosworth Field in Leicstershire the last battle of Warsof the Roses was fought between Richard III and Henry Tudor, Henry Tudor won.2 although the Wars of the Roses were waged intermittently for thirty years, ordinarypeople were little affected.p42 1 What was the effect of Wars of Roses?2 the English Reformation began with Henry VIII3 Henry VIIIp43 Why and how did Reformation happen in England? and What was the effect?p44 Bloody Maryp45 1 Elizabeth I2 Elizabeth’s religious reform was a compremise of view. She broke Mary’s tieswith Rome and restored her father’s independent Church of England3 How did Queen Elizabeth deal with the religious problem after she became Queen of the country?p46 tell Elizabeth’s foreign policyp47 1 Renassance was the transitional period between the Middle Ages and modern times,covering the years c1350-c16502 in England, the Renaissance was usually thought of as beginning with the accessionof the House of Tudor to the throne in 1485.3 tell the characteristics of the English Renaissance.p49 1 Christopher Marlowe2 Ben Jonson3 William Shakespearep50 1 Edmund Spenser2 Francis Baconp51 1 Gunpowder Plot2 on Nov.5 1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and hisministers up in the Houses of Parliament.p52 1 in 1620 a small group of the Puritans, called the Pilgrim Fathers, sailed fromPlymouth in the Mayflower.2 Charles I was the son of James I3 Charles I’s relations with the Parliament were from the start disastrous.5p53 Petition of Rightp55 1 Cavaliers2 Roundheadsp56 1 What were the consequences of the Civil Wars?2 the English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution3 Puritan Revolutionp57 1 after King Charles’s execution in 1649, there was public outrage in England2 the “Rump”p58 1 when Oliver Cromwell died in 1685, and was succeeded by his son, Richard.2 Parliament passed a series of severe laws called the Clarendon Code against thePuritans, now known as Nonconformistsp59 1 tell the 2 of the most famous literary works of the late 17th century2 John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress3 John Milton’s Paradise Lost4 How did the “glorious Revolution” break out? What was the significance of it? p60 Bill of Rights (1689)p61 1 What was the absolute rule of James I of England?2 Give a brief account of Henry VIIp62 1 the Whigs2 the Tories3 the Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.p63 the Tories were greatly influenced by Jeremy Bentham’s ideals known as“Utilitarianism”p65 1 Enclosure Acts2 in England, the 18th century also saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep andhorses by Robert Bakewell3 What’s your comment on land enclosures in England?p66 1 What was the industrial revolution?2 tell why Britains is the 1st country to start the industrial revolution?p68 1 How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed?2 John Kay’s flying shuttle63 James Hargreaves’spinning jenny4 James Wattp69 1 as a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the “workshopof the world”2 “workshop of the world”3 Luddites4 What do you know about parliamentary reforms?5 the Whigs under Lord Grey were returned to power after more than half a centuryp70 Why should Parliament be reformed in England?p71 1 a People’s Charter in 18382 What do you know about the chartist Movement and People’s Charter? What’s your comment on them?p74 Trade Union Act of 1871p75 1 tell the Colonial Expansion of the English2 English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 15833 Canada was ceded to Britain by the 1763 Treaty of Paris.4 1763 Treaty of Parisp79 1 by the Treaty of Nanking 1842, China cede Hong Kong to Britain2 by 1900 Britain had built up a big empire which included 25% of the world’spopulation and areap81 1 During WWI Britain lost over a million people, most of them under the age of25.2 Out of the war settlement came the establishment of the League of Nationsp82 in 1936 Edward VIII succeeded his father George V but abdicated.p83 Winston Churchillp84 1 one of the most far-reaching consequences of the war was that it hastenedthe end of Britain’s empire2 the Labour Party won the election after WWII, but Conservatives came back topower in 1951.p85 in Jan, 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the European EconomicCommunity.p86 1 the election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party72 Thatcherismp87 What were the Parliamentary politics like in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?p88 1 soon after the Second World War, Britain not noly gave up its ecnomic hegemonybut also sugffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership2 Between 1950 and 1973, Britain’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3.0%3 British diseasep89 1 What are the 3 periods as far as the evolution of British economy is concerned?2 in 1950, Britain’s GDP and its foreign trade ranked second and its per capitaincome third in the world3 John M. Keynesp90 1 in the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growthrate and the highest inflation.2 in 1979, the new government adopted an economic programme known as Medium-termFinancial Strategy3 Privatiztion, deregulation and market liberalization replace prices and incomescontrol and state interventionism.(排除型选择)p91 an outstanding feature of the economic recovery in the 80s was its length, by1988, the recovery had lasted seven years.p92 1 just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization,the 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization.2 During the pas decade almost 40% of the British state enterprises were privatized.p94 rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.p98 1 in the early 20th century the motor vehicle in dustry in Britain was developedin the West Midlands and South-East of England2 tell the areas in England where we can see some high-tech industrial growthp99 1 in Britain only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of theland area.2 agribusinessp100 1 in some areas factory faming methods are used, particularly for rearing poultryof pigs.2 Wheat and Potatoes are staple food of the British.p103 1 Britain is the 5th largest trading nation in the world.82 nation of shopkeepers3 tell the trade pattern that Britain’trade has4 What has Britain traditionally been in terms of foreign trade?p104 1 the City of London2 Lloyd’sp105 1 Where are oil and natural gas found in Britain?2 Where are the main textile producing regions in Britain?3 What are new industries in England?4 How has Britain’s trade pattern changed in recent years?p106 1 constitutional monarchy2 the head of the UK is a king or a queen3 the British constitution is made up statute law, common law and conventions(排除型选择)4 the monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at least the9th century.p107 the present Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II, was born on April 21, 1926, shecame to the throne on Feb.6, 1952, and she was crowned on Jun 2, 1953.p108 the Queen of Britain is the symbol of the whole nationp110 1 What do you know the Parliament in Britain?2 a Parliament has a maximum duration of 5 years.p111 in Britain, the House of Lords is presided over by the Lord Chancellorp112 1 the House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of651 Members of Parliament2 it is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority for law-making resides.3 a General Election must be held every five years and is often held at more frequentintervals4 Black Rodp114 shadow cabinetp115 the great majority of these are Government measures introduced by a Ministerp116 in Britain, the Prime Minister is appointed by the Queen, and always sits inthe House of Commons, receives £ 78,292.p117 1 Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime9Minister2 the Privy Council3 the Privy Council is presided over by the Lord Presidentp118 the government departments are staffed by members of the Civil Servicep121 Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through the council tax.p122 1 When did a constitutional monarchy begin in Britain?2 What does the Cabinet consist of?3 Who are the members of the House of Lords?4 What is the function of the House of Lords?5 What are the two major parties in Britain today?6 How many constituencies are there in Britain today?7 How many members are there in the House of Commons?8 How often does a general election take place?9 Give a brief account of British Parliament.p123 1 criminal law2 civil lawp124 the Crown Prosecution Service assumes control of the case and independentlyreviews the evidence to decide whether to prosecutep125 1 Magistrates’Courts try summary offences2 either way3 in 1994 there were 79 stipendiary magistrates in England and Wales.p126 1 the Crown Court tries the most serious offences2 England and Wales are divided in six circuits for the purpose of hearing criminalcases.3 tell the three criminal courts in Scotland4 tell the two types of criminal procedure in Scotlandp127 appeals in criminal cases in England and Wales may be heard by the CrownCourt, the High Court, the Court of Appeal(排除型选择)p128 1 the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are CountyCourts of which there are 2702 all judges of the Supreme Court and all circuit judges and recorders have thepower to sit in the county courtp129 in the UK, Central responsibility lies with the Lord Chancellor, the HomeSecretary and the Attorney General(排除型选择)10p130 1 in Northern Ireland, court administration is the responsibility of the LordChancellor2 London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the HomeSecretary.p131 1 in England and Wales a Magistrates’court cannot impose a term of more thansix month’s imprisonment for an individual offence tried summarily2 Capital punishment remains the penalty for treason and piracyp132 1 there are about 130 prisons establishments in England and Wales and some 20in Scotland, and 4 prisons and 1 young offenders’ centre in Northern Ireland2 in England and Wales young people aged 18-20 serve custodial sentences in a youngoffender institution3 What are the common features of all systems of law in Britain?4 How do you divide the British courts according to the nature of cases?5 What is the jury’s job?6 How many divisions is the High Court divided into?What are they?7 How many police forces are there in the UK?8 How different is the Metropolitan Police Force(London) from other police force in Great Britain?9 Discuss the treatment of offernders in the UK.p134 1 welfare state2 NHS3 NHS was established in the UK in 1948, and it was based at first on Acts ofParliament.p135 1 over 82% of the cost of the health service in Great Britain is funded outof general taxation.2 prescription charges do not apply to the ……(排除型选择)p136 in Great Britain, every year there are about 200 million consultations withfamily doctors and about 6 million people visit a pharmacy every day.p138 NHS service(排除型选择)p139 1 NHS services for elderly people(排除型选择)2 Britain has about 6 million adults with one or more disabilities, of whom around7% live in communal establishments.p141 1 Nearly a third of government expenditure is devoted to the social securityprogramme2 the non-contributory benefits include……(排除型选择)113 in UK, women at the age of 60 and men at the age of 65 are entitled to a stateretirement pension.p143 most pregnant working women receive their statutory maternity pay directly fromtheir employer for a maximum of 18 weeksp144 war pensionsp145 only that the Lord Chancellor may not be a Roman Catholic.p146 Church of Englandp147 the government of the Church of Scotland is Presbyterianp148 1 the Methodist Church2 the Baptists3 the United Reformed Church4 the formal structure of the Roman Catholic church in England and Wales was restoredin 18505 there are now 7 Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.p151 1 about Easter(排除型选择)2 Hogmanayp153 1 in the UK, the only really important patriotic festivalis Remembrance Sunday----Armistice Day2 Boxing Dayp154 1 What is the most important established church in Britain?2 What festival is the greatest in Britain?3 What is the Scottish tradition concerning New Year’s Day?4 Describe briefly the contribury social security benefits in the UK.p156 1 in the UK, compulsory education begins at five in Great Britain and fourin Northern Ireland, when children go to infant schools2 eleven-plusp157 1 about 90% of the state seconday school population in Great Britain attendcomprehensive schools2 comprehensive schools(in the UK)3 sixth-form college4 Teriary college5 publish school(in the UK)12p158 there are some 90 universities in the UKp159 What do you know about the university-industry links to the UK?p160 1 in the UK, with about 130 daily and Sunday newspapers published nationwide.2 on an average day 60% of people over the age of 15 read a national morning newspaper.p161 1 How the national newspapers are divided in the UK?2 quality dailies(排除型选择)3 quality papersp162 1 the Economist2 periodicals in the UK(排除型选择)p164 1 tell the four national channels of the TV in the UK 2 apart from a break during the Second World War, the BBC has been providingregular television broadcasts since 1936.p165 Reutersp166 1 it is estimated that 29 million people over the age of 16 regularly takepart in sport or exercise2 football is the most popular sport in England3 Cricket is the most typical English of sportsp171 in the UK, about 80 million people a year attend more than 2,000 museumsand art galleries open to the public.p172 the Beatlesp173 1 Andrew Lloyd Webber2 Andrew Lloyd Webber’s the Phantom of the operap176 1 among all the arts festivals in the UK, the most famous is the EdinburghInternational Festival of Music and Drama2 BFIp177 1 copyright libraries(排除型选择)2 For whom is compulsory education in the UK?3 What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities?4 How is the BBC financed?5 list some most important journals in the UK.6 Where would you find many of London’s theatres?137 Describe briefly the higher education in the UK Part two the Republic of Irelandp181 1 Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because of its rich green countryside2 the Republic of Ireland is bounded on the northeast by Northern Ireland.3 the capital is Dublin. It is located on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the LiffeyRiver at its confluence with the Dodder River.4 Ireland has been compared to a basinp182 Shannon Riverp183 1 what remain the most significant feature of Irish landscape?2 How to describe the weather of Ireland?P184 For the whole country the chance of an unusully wet or an unusually dry yearIs estimated at 25%P186 1 In Ireland the basic ethnic stock is Celtic2 Ireland is unique among European countries for its century-long population declinep187 There are two official languages in Ireland . They are Irish (Gaelic) and Englishp188 1Catholicism2 Catholic religious practice is extremely high in Irelandp189 1 What was perhaps the most important event in Irish history?2 Henry viii was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control.3 The Tudors forced the Protestand Reformation and English law on the Irish.4 Scottish settlers established a colony in Ulster in 16105 How did the conflict begin between the English and the Irish?P190 1 IRA2 Easter Uprising3 Anglo-Irish Treaty4 Under Eamon de Valera, who took office in 1932, Ireland kept out of World WarII to demonstrate its continued displeasure with the British.P191 foreign policy of IrelandP192 1 both Ireland and Britain have agreed to hold regular meetings to negotiatea peaceful settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland142 Ireland established diplomatic relations woth China on June 22, 19793 Ireland currently maintains diplomatic relations with 46 countries4 What is the largest river in Ireland?5 Why is Shannon River important to Ireland?6 What has been a traditional source of conflict between the English and the Irish?7 When did Ireland declare itself a republic?P193 1 president of Ireland2 taoiseachP194 all the legislative powers are vested in the national parliamentP195 Irish law is based on English common law as modified by subsequent legislationand the 1937 Constitutionp196 1 two major parties , Fianna Fail and Fine Gael2Sinn Fein3 Sinn Fein was the guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the Britishin 19214Anglo-Irish Treatyp197 Fine Gaelp198 1 the Irish Labour Party is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland.2 Ireland is a free-market economy with a dominant private sectorp201 Ireland is now the lasgest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europep202 What is the chronic problem in Ireland?P204 1 Today the Irish Times is the nation’smost infuential daily in Ireland.2 the Irish Independent is a best-selling daily3 some 250 magazines are published in Ireland, almost 1/5 of them deal with religion.P205 1 Irish broadcasting began in 1926 in a small studio called Dublin BroadcastingStation2 the most well-known Irish writher of the modern period is James Joyce.3 James Joycep206 1 Ulysses is Joyce’s masterpiece.2Ulysses3 Who is the head of government in Ireland?4 What does the Irish Parliament consist of?155 Discuss the characteristics of Ireland’s economy6 List Ireland’s main industries7 Explain the reasons why Ireland has chronic negative balance of trade8 Identify the periods in the histroy of Irish Part three the United States of Americap209 1 the continental United States lies in central North America with canada toits north.2 Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south3 the Atlantic Ocean to its east.4 the United States has an ideal location for trade5 Why the United States has an ideal location for trade?6 the United States is the 4th largest country in the worldp210 1 How many states are there in US? Which is the largest, and the smallest?2 in US, on the mainland Texas is the largest state of the country.p211 1 The Rockies, the backbone of North american continent, is also known as theContinental Divide.2 in US, lying betwenn the Appalachian Mountans and the Rocky Moutains is one ofthe world’sgreat countinental rivers—Mississippi3Mississippi4 the Missouri rises in southwest Montana among the Rocky Mountians5Missouri6 the Missouri runs 3725 kilometres before it joins the Mississippi at St. Louis7 the River Ohio flows from the rainy east at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and joinsthe Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois8 father of waters9 old man riverp212 1 American Ruhr2 in US, on the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado in the south,and the Columbia, which rises in Canada.(colorado西班牙语多彩的)3 The Rio Grande River rises in the outhern Rocky mountains and flow to the Gulfof Mexico.(rio grande西班牙语大河)4 Great Lakes5 Lake Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the worldp213 1 What are the benefits of Lakes, rivers and seacoast of US?2 the Great Lakes are the economic lifeline of Midwest in US.3 What factors influence the climate of US?4 In US, a humid continental climate is found in the north-eastern part of the16country(New England)p214 1 meditrranean climate can be found in south part of the Pacific coast2 the southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a Mediterranean climatewith warm, dry summers and moist winters.3 besides latitude, list some most important forces the influence the climate of the US.4 New England is cooled by the waters of the Labrador Current.p215 New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.p216 the Middle Atlantic States has about 1/5 of the total population of the US.Washington and New York are located herep217 1 Chicago2 Midwest America’s most important agricultural area in US.3 Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world4 the American South stretches 2/3 of the way across the continent5 list some major economic activities of South America. p218 the American south now contains 90% of the American textile industry.p219 1 the Great Plains lies between the Rocky mountain and the Appalachians2 the Great Plains3 Denver located at the foothills of the Rockies.4 Yellowstone National Park5 Why is the tourist trade so important in American West?p220 1 the Grand Canyon2 the Grand Canyon in north-western Arizona is on of nature’s most impressivesight.p221 1 Albuquerque is a centre for touring the lands of Native American People andis the site of New Mexico’s state university.2 Hawaii is lacated in the Pacific Ocean3 list the differences between Alaska and Hawaii p222 the penisula of alaska is bordered on its east side by Canada.p224 1 the US is the 3rd most populous country in the worldp225 1 the US had a more or less open-door policy to immigrants from independenceuntil the 1960s.2 Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s.17。
英语国家概况知识点总结
英语国家概况知识点总结Full name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Others names : The The United United United Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom /The /The /The UK/Britain/The UK/Britain/The UK/Britain/The Great Great Great Britain/The Britain/The British Lion/England/The British Isles British Isles: 范围最大，包含了大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛及其附近的许多小岛U K : Includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Great Britain: Includes only England, Scotland and Wales Includes only England, Scotland and Wales Area :242,514 square kilometers (93,635square miles) Population:about 60,587,300National capital: : London National Flag: The Union Jack National Anthem: God Save the Queen/King Components : England: 1. The The largest largest largest and and and the the the most most most populated populated populated country country country of of of UK. UK. UK. It It It occupies occupies occupies more more more than than half the island of Great Britain. 2. Area : 130,281 square kilometers (53.7 percent) 3. Population : 50,762,900(83.8 percent) 401 people per square kilo 4. Capital : London (the seat of government, center of business, the heart of arts and and culture, culture, culture, dominates dominates dominates England England England just just just like like like England England England dominates dominates dominates The The UK) Scotland: 1. The second largest of the four nations both in area and population .no longer has a separate legislature and executive, and its economy is integrated into that that of of of the the the rest rest rest of of of Britain. Britain. Britain. But But But it it it does does does have have have a a a separate separate separate administration, administration, different different legal legal legal and educational and educational systems systems as well as well as as its Presbyterian national its Presbyterian national church. Above all it has retained much of its distinct cultural identity. 2. area: 77,925 square kilometers(32.1 percent) 3. population : 5,116,900 (8.4persent) 65 people per square kilo 4. capital : Edinburgh (on the east cost represent the capital of the region) 5. the l a rgest argest city is Glasgow (In the west) Wales: 1. A A peninsular peninsular peninsular jutting jutting jutting from from from England England England into into into the the the Irish Irish Irish Sea, Sea, Sea, and and and is is is the the the smallest smallest among the three nations on the island of Britain. And has been dominated by England England for for for longer longer longer period period period than than than the the the other other other three three three nations nations nations since since since its its its officially officially union with England in 1536(actually England has ruled Wales in 1343 but not officially recognized) 2. area: 20732 square kilometers (8.5percent) 3. population: 2,965,900(4.9persent) 142 people per square kilo 4. capital: Cardiff (southern Wales) serving as an important seaport and industrial center 5. Wales retained a unique cultural social and economic development, notably its national language, Welsh, and a devolved Welsh Assembly Northern Ireland: 1. Often referred to as the province of Ulster, is part of the island Ireland located in its northeast corner. And is the smallest both in area and population among the four nations of the UK. 2. area : 13,576square kilometers (5.7 percent of the UK and one six of the island of Ireland ) 3. population ：1,741,600（2.9 percent ）4. capital: Belfast Belfast (a (a (a seaport seaport seaport on on on the the the east east east cost cost cost , , , is is is a a a center center center of of of shipbuilding shipbuilding shipbuilding and and linen textiles and it created the Titanic) 5.。
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家是指以英语为官方语言或为第一语言的国家。
这些国家有着丰富的历史和文化，并且在全球范围内都有着重要的地位。
以下是对一些典型英语国家的笔记整理。
英格兰英格兰是指大不列颠岛上最大的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
英格兰是全球最重要的文化和商业中心之一，是世界上最重要的旅游胜地之一。
它以其壮丽的城市风光、古老的大学、世界顶级艺术品和丰富的文化遗产而著名。
英格兰还是口音最标准、最古老的英语发源地之一。
苏格兰苏格兰是英国的一个国家，位于英国北部，与英格兰隔着哈德里安长城相隔。
苏格兰地处北极圈附近，因此气候较为寒冷，但是其美丽的山川湖泊和独特的文化使得它成为了一个重要的旅游胜地。
苏格兰的联合王国象征是印有一只独角兽的盾牌。
苏格兰有着悠久的历史，并且拥有着独特的文化，比如苏格兰传统的音乐、服装和食品等。
威尔士威尔士是英国的一个国家，位于英格兰西部。
它以其壮观的山地风景和世界最佳的海岸线而著名。
威尔士人喜欢庆祝传统文化，并且其歌曲、舞蹈和风俗仍然在今天得到了广泛传承。
威尔士听起来有着特别的口音。
英国国旗上的红色龙即是威尔士的象征。
爱尔兰爱尔兰是一个欧洲国家，位于大不列颠岛西侧。
它分为爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰，后者是英国的一部分。
爱尔兰是一个美丽的国家，拥有许多独特的风景和文化遗产。
爱尔兰以其友好的人民、美妙的音乐和优美的文学而著名。
美国美国是世界上最强大的国家之一，是一个多元化的国家，拥有许多文化和民族。
美国以其灿烂多彩的文化、科技创新和政治制度而闻名于世。
美国是一个旅游胜地，拥有世界上最知名的城市之一，如纽约、洛杉矶和旧金山等。
在美国，许多地方需要汽车来进行通行，而且美国人也对汽车有着独特的热爱。
加拿大加拿大是北美洲最多元化和最友善的国家之一。
加拿大有着尽可能保持自然美和野生动物保护的承诺，拥有美丽的大自然风光，如落基山脉和尼亚加拉瀑布。
加拿大人民非常注重公民权利和社会公正，是全世界人权保护能见度最高的国家之一。
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家是指以英语为官方语言的国家，主要分布在英联邦国家和美洲国家。
这些国家在文化、经济等方面有着广泛的联系和合作，具有丰富的历史及文化背景，是世界上最具影响力的国家之一。
下面将对英语国家的概况进行整理。
英联邦国家是指以英国为领袖的国际组织，由英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非、印度、巴基斯坦等53个国家和地区组成。
这些国家中以英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰为代表的国家，在经济、政治、文化、教育等方面有着密切的联系和合作，军事上也有协调和互助的关系。
英国是英语国家的中心，由四个国家：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。
英国拥有悠久的历史和文化背景，是文化艺术、科技创新、高等教育等方面的领袖国家。
英国的文化产业发达，英语是世界第一大语言，英国的音乐、电影、电视剧等文艺作品也备受全球瞩目。
澳大利亚位于太平洋和印度洋之间，是由六个州和两个地区组成的联邦制国家。
澳大利亚是一个多元化的国家，拥有丰富的自然资源和景观。
澳大利亚在旅游、采矿、农业等方面具有突出的优势，是世界经济中不可忽视的力量。
加拿大是北美洲最大的国家，拥有广阔的土地和丰富的自然资源。
加拿大是世界上最发达的国家之一，其经济主要以服务业和加工制造业为主。
加拿大在金融、信息技术等领域具有较强的实力。
新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，由北岛和南岛以及其他一些小岛组成。
新西兰优美的自然环境使其成为了世界上著名的旅游胜地，同时其在农业、林业、渔业等领域也有着不俗的表现。
美洲国家是指以英语为官方语言的南、北美洲国家，包括美国、加拿大和13个加勒比国家。
这些国家在经济、政治、文化等方面也有着紧密的联系和合作。
美国是世界经济最大的国家之一，是世界级的大国和超级大国。
美国拥有强大的军事实力和文化影响力，同时也在国际事务中发挥着重要作用。
美国是全球科技、金融和文化中心之一，其在电影、音乐、时尚、饮食等方面也有着巨大的影响力。
加勒比国家是指坐落在加勒比海与墨西哥湾之间的一批岛国，其中比较著名的包括牙买加、海地、巴哈马等。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语国家概况复习同学们，期末考复习，看课后习题和下面这些QUIZ的题，考选择，判断，翻译，简答题，问答题（必须答满100字，只有美国和英国部分有问答题）。
注意考美国和英国部分占的比例比较大，建议美国和英国的课后选择和判断必须看，加油！考试时间：5月18日12点到14点地点：xnc402英国部分Quiz1I. Blank.1.The official name of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland.2.The three political divisions of the U.K. are England, Scotland and Wales.II. Translation.Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁-撒克逊人III. True or false.1.The longest river in Britain is the Thames River which is only 338 kilometers long.F（The second largest and the most important river）IV. Multiple choices.1.______B__ is the capital city of Scotland.A.Belfast (Northern Ireland)B.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.Cardiff (Wales)2．Under __D_, the feudal system in England was completely established.A. King AlfredB. Henry ⅡC. Edward ⅠD. William the Conqueror3．The Norman Conquest in English history happened in _C__.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 16064．As a result of the Black Death, __A_. ?A. much land was left untended and there was a shortage of laborB. landowners tended to change from sheep-farming to arable-farmingC. the government did not show much concern about the labor shortageD. the government took several measures to raise th e peasants‟ wagesV. Give brief answers to the following questions.1. What is the meaning of the Norman Conquest?It marked the establishment of feudalism in England.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that wasonce colonies of Britain.Quiz21．Samuel Johnson‟s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ____C_____.A.grammarB.handwritingC.spellingD.pronunciation2. At present, nearly ____B_____ of the world‟s p opulation communicates in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth3. Which one of the following statements is not the cause for the outbreak of the Hundred Years‟ Wars?(D)A. Territorial causesB. Trade ConflictsC. National identitiesD. Religion bias1. The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. T2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name of England to refer to their country. F3. Henry II built up a large empire which includes England and most of France.T4. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople. F5. The Hundred Years‟ War was a series of wars fought between England and Francefor trade and territory. F1. Great Council was known as the earliest parliament.2. By the end of the Hundred Years‟ War, the English had lost all the territories theyhad gained during the war except the French port of Calais.(加莱)1. What is the spirit of The Great Charter?A limitation of the power of the king.2. Why did the English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.Quiz31.In 1534 Henry VIII issue the Act of Supremacy, and declared himself to be theonly supreme head of the church of England.2.Newfoundland is the first British colony overseas in 1584.3.The House of Tudor turned England a national state with a centralizedgovernment, and started changing from a medieval to modern country. T4. A conflict of interests and colonial rivalry divided Europe into 2 camps: theCentral Powers(同盟国) and the Allied Powers（协约国）. Britain belonged to the Central Powers. F(Britain belonged to the Allied Powers)5.By the Late 7th century, ___D___ became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity （基督教）6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII‟s effortto _A_.A.divorce his wifeB.break with RomeC.support the ProtestantsD.declare his supreme power over the church7.___A___ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.(光荣革命)A.Bill of RightsB.Act of SupremacyC.Provisions of OxfordD.Magna Carta8.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制9.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United State after World War II?Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.10.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?⑴Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world;⑵Urbanization took place and many new cities sprang up;⑶The capitalist class(资产阶级) replaced the old nobility（贵族）as the most important force in the country, meanwhile, a large proletariat（无产阶级）class came into being.Quiz 41．Parliament today consists of the King or Queen , the House of Lords ，and the House of Commons.2．The House of Commons is a center of parliamentary power. T3．A general election is held every five years in the 646 constituencies of Britain. T 4．Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A.single-partyB.two-partyC.three-partyD.multi-party5. The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. F6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.T7. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.8. What is the British political system?Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.9. Life peers 爵位不能世袭的终身贵族10. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize (仔细检查), strain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.Quiz51.Thatcher‟s r evolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all Britisheconomic and social problems. F2.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice. F3.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament. T4.London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所5.Lloyd‟s 劳合社6.discount house 贴现公司7.Privy Council 枢密院8.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ____D____.A.passing the billsB.advising the governmentC.political partiesD.public attitude9.Britain has devoted __C___ of its land area to agriculture.A.54%B.64%C.74%D.84%10.Coal mining industry in Britain provides ___B___ of the energy consumed in thecountry.A.1/3B.1/4C.1/5D.2/311.The car industry in Britain is mostly ___A__.A.foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned12.What are the characteristics of Britain‟s agriculture?Britain agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization.13.What were the major causes of Britain‟s relative ec onomic decline in the postwarperiod?First, Britain suffered great losses in the two World War and gone heavily into debt to finance the war.Second, the ear of the Britain Empire was over.Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presenceForth, Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Council.Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry.QUIZ 61．Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.（5-16）F2．The National Curriculum is compulsory in the state system, but optional in the independent system. F3．In Britain, where you are educated is still very important to your future. T 4．Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA.The University of CambridgeB.The University of OxfordC.The University of EdinburghD.The University of Buckingham5.In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to__A__.A.grammar schoolprehensive schoolC.public schoolD.technical school6.In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to __C_____.A.private schoolsB.independent schoolsC.state schoolsD.public schools7.sixth form 第六级学院8.open university 开放性大学9.Oxbridge 剑桥和牛津大学的绰号10.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide own courses and award their own degrees.爱尔兰共和国Chapter71.The island of Ireland is the secondlargest island in Europe. T2.Ireland is a republic with a parliamentary government. T3.The head of Irish government is the President from the House ofRepresentatives. F (The head of government is the Prime Minister appointed by the president in the nomination of the House of Representatives. And the head of state is the President ,which elected by direct vote of the people for a term seven years and may not serce more than two terms.)4.There are two dominant official languages in Ireland, Gaelic(Irish) and English.T5.Roman Catholic in Ireland is the only one religion. F(不是only one)6.The earliest inhabitants in Irland were Celtic tribes from Europe. F ( Humanhabitation in Irelan dates back to almost 7000 BC ,when hunter-gatherers from Britain occupied the island.)7.It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by D___.A.the VikingsB. the NormansC.Brian BoruD.Saint Patrick8.The ____B___ resulted in the Irish Civil War .A.Act of UnionB.Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceC.Anglo-Irish TreatyD.Anglo-Irish AgreementE.9.Why was Cork given the nickname the Rebel County ?Because people of Cork fought to overthrow English rules as early as in 1491, and they are proud of their participation in the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War.10.What are the reasons for the population decline in Ireland ?（1）.A lot of Irish emigrated to the US and Canada.（2）Low birth-rate（3）There are lots of elder youth and they get married very late.美国部分QUIZ81.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continentafter Columbus. T2.The Mississippi River is the longest river in North America. T3.Chinatown in Los Angeles is the second largest city in America after New York. T4.The majority of American people are descendants of the European immigrants. F（Blacks）5.Pilgrim Fathers清教徒前辈移民6.Great Famine 大饥荒7.In 1965, the Immigration Act gave an equal chance to all foreigners seeking entryto the United States regardless of where they came from. T8.The United Sates has __states on the continent.( C)A.50B. 49C. 48D. 359.Why is the United Sates regarded as a “melting pot” and a “salad”?P117The US “is not merely a nation but a nation of nations”. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America was describ ed as a “melting pot” where various racial and ethnic groups were combined into one culture. Recently, Americans have been called a “salad” in that people of different races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously but at the same time keep their distinct culture and custom.QUIZ 91.The United States has _C___ states on the Continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 352.The state of __A__ is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida3.The longest river in the U.S. is __B__.A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River4.___C_ is located on the US-Canadian border between Lake Erie and LakeOntario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake5.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the _D___.A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks6.The largest minority in the United States is the _B___.A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the UnitedStates, particularly from ___A_.A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of ___B_ who came to America to avoid persecutionin England.A. ProtestantB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christmas1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country‟scontinental territory. F(one sixth of )2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate, with some mildsubtropical zones. T3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south, runs awell-known 50-centimeter rainfall line. T4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States, and it iscomposed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens. T5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famousHollywood and Disneyland are located here. F (Hollywood and Disneyland are located Los Angeles)6.Half of the US population lives in the western metropolitan centers.F （20﹪）7.The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations orfarms in the North. F(South)8.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrantscame to America. T9.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s wereAsians.T10.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard fora higher standard of living. T11.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continentafter Columbus. TQUIZ 109.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at ____ in____. C p118A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia10.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of ____ who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland. BA. ProtestantB. Puritans 清教徒C. CatholicsD. Christmas11.The Seven Years‟ War occurred between the __ C __.A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians12.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of _D___.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonies in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies13.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in __B__.A. ConcordB. Lexington 列克星顿C. PhiladelphiaD. Boston14.In May 1775, __B__ was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functionof a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation12.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the ContinentalArmy and Navy were found under the command of Thomas Jefferson. F (George Washington)13.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard fora higher standard of living. T1.What does the slogan “no taxation without representation”?The colonists resented the taxes and resisted the quartering of soldiers, insisting that they could be taxed only by their own colonial assemblies.2.What is the theory of politics that is central to the Western political tradition?According to Declaration of Independence, that men have a natural right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”, that government can rule only with “ the consent of the governed”, that any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the rights of the people.3.The Meaning of the Treaty of Paris(1783)?With the signing of the treaty, the US won its independence.QUIZ 11Multiple Choices15.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents ___D.A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower, and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson, and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson16.The US Constitution came into effect in _B__.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179317.The US Constitution __C_.A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court18.The Bill of Rights ___B.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution19.The following except _B__ are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people‟s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one‟s weapon if one wishes20.All the following except __C_ cannot make legislative proposal.A. a senatorB. a representativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the president21.The following except ___C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders22.According to the US Constitution, a candidate for president must be __D_.A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years‟ resident of the U.S.C. born in AmericaD. all of above23.The terms for a senator and representative are ____ and ____ years respectively.DA. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two24.The Supreme Court is composed of ____ justices. DA. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine25.The president is directly voted into office by __C_.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesTrue or False14.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War. F (opposed)15.The symbol of the Democratic Party is an elephant, and a donkey represents theRepublican Party. F(donkey, elephant )16.The Democrats favor an economic system which gives enterprises a greaterfreedom, and demand that the government control inflation. F (Republicans) Translation1.Watergate Scandal 水门事件2.Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义3.Taliban regime 塔利班政权Questions1.What are the characteristics of American Constitution?(1). “checks and balances”,(2). The powers of the central government and the powers of state governments arespecified.2.What is “checks and balances”?Government consists of three parts: the legislature , he executive, and the judiciary, each branch has powers that the others do not have and each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by other branch.Quiz 13Multiple Choices26.America produces a major portion of the World‟s products in the following fieldsexcept _C___.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals27.The modern American economy progressed from ____ to ____, and eventually, to____.(C)A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy28.Chartered companies were NOT granted the ____ by the British King orQueen.(D)A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority29.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of____.(D)A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton30.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except __D__.i.typewriter B. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator31.President ___C_ applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. KennedyTrue or False17.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality. F18.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment andintervention. T19.America is the world‟s largest industrial nation. T20.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control overbusinesses. F21.Charter companies contributed to Britain‟s successful colonization of the UnitedStates. T22.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of “intellectualproperty” could be identified. T23.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners ofplantations in the South made more profits from selling their agricultural products.F24.President Roosevelt‟s New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economiccrisis in the early 1930s.FTranslation4.anti-trust law 反托拉斯法案5.charter company 得到英王特许而从事殖民活动的商业公司6.International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织Questions3.What industrial developments took place during the colonial period of America? The secondary industries developed as the colonies grew. By the 18th century, regional patterns of development in America had become clear.4.How did the Civil War affect the American economy?After civil war, the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable. Northern industries, which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war, surged ahead.Quiz 14Multiple Choices32.About __of American crops are for export. (B)A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourth d. one fifth33.The following statements are all true except ____.(B)A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structure.34.__D__ is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors35.At present, US exports account for __A__ of the world‟s total.i.10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25%36.Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry? DA. BankingB. Management consultationC. AirlineD. SteelmakingTrue or False7.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in theagricultural balance of trade. T8.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturingindustry. T9.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the Americanforeign trade. F（In light of its tremendous (巨大的)influence on the worldeconomy, the growth and decline of the US foreign trade volume, to large extent, determines the trend of the world economy.）Translationagribusiness农业企业conglomerate 联合企业Questions5.What does agribusiness mean?Agribusiness, a term created to reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.6.Cite examples to illustrate the role of governm ent intervention in America‟seconomic development.The government has always played an active and important role in American‟s economic development. In the 1930s, the U.S suffered the worst economic depression, President Roosevelt introduced New Deal to tackle the financial crisis and set up an Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.7.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system? Please makesome comparisons between the American educational system and the Chineseeducational system.(1)① As many people as possible should receive as much education as possible.;②Producing a society that is totally literate and of local control; ③Scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known.(2) American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing critical thinking than acquiring qualities of facts, American students are encouraged to express their own opinion in class and to think for themselves. However, Chinese schools tend to teach students the knowledge that already exists in the books, and Chinese students are not encouraged to express their own opinion in class and to think for themselves.Quiz 15Multiple Choices37.Formal education in the United States consists of _C_, secondary and highereducation.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private38.Of the following subjects, __B__ are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education39.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of __B__.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University40.Of the following, _B___ are NOT among the categories of American highereducation.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges41.Of the following, __D__ is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in USinstitutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enrollTrue or Falsecation is governed by state and local governments instead of the nationalgovernment in America. T26.Diversity is considered to be a sole characteristic of American education. F (不是唯一的特点)27.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education. T28.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten. F(elementary schools)29.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor‟s degree atgraduation. F (Students have to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.)30.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a greatconcern for its size, location and academic quality. T31.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals isresponsible for the administration. F (primary of laymen非专业人士)32.It is common for students to work to earn their tuition and living expenses notonly during vocations but also sometimes in their free time during the term. T ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree. TTranslation10.SAT （Scholastic Aptitude Test）学习能力测试11.a board of trustee 理事会12.summer session 暑期补习班Questions8.How does an American university choose its applicants?American universities choose on the basis of :① their high school records;②recommendations from their high school teachers; ③the impression they make during interviews at the university; ④their scores on the SAT.。