美国独立战争

The startingThe American War of independence War in 1783 Independence1775 ~ of the British North America, the 13 colonies against British colonial rule, the revolutionary War for national independence. North American war of independence and says the American revolution, or. The war is mainly to fight the British empire began in the economic policy, but afterwards but because of France, Spain and the Netherlands joined war against the British empire, and make war far beyond the scope of the British North America. At the same time, many Indian people both war.The causesSince the 13 colonies belong to British, the economy in colonies developed very fast. And with the development of economy, the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their business. But the policy of the British Government was to bring the development under their control and collect more taxes from the colonies.In order to finance a large army stationed in America, the British Government collected more money from the colonies and requited回报the colonies to provide the troops with fuel, light, bedding and other things.The East India Company, a vital source of British wealth, was in financial straits. To help the company turn the corner, the British Government granted it the monopoly垄断over all the tea exported to the colonies without paying duty .Thus the company could easily undersell the independent tea merchants and the smugglers in the colonies, who organized strong opposition to this unequal treatment.Boston Tea PartyOn the might of December 16, 1773, a band of men, disguised as Indians and led by Samuel Adams, boarded three British ships lying at anchor in Boston and dumped their tea cargo, which was from China, into the sea. 342 chest of tea valued at about ﹩75,000 were thus destroyed. This carrel to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”.The British Government was thus forced to take actions. Otherwise, it would lose face before the world for its failure to control its own colonies.the Stamp Act（可讲可不讲）The next increase in the tension came in 1765 with the Stamp Act and a trade act know as the Sugar Act. It was the Stamp Act that caused the mostprotest. This was a direct tax, levied on the paper required for legal transactions and on newspapers. It had been proposed in 1764, and the Americans had been given the year to suggest alternative methods of raising the money needed to administer and defend the colonies. Instead, this year was used to organise opposition to the act.The developmentIn the face of such a grave situation, colonial delegates代表from 12 colonies (Georgia didn’t send its delegates) met in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774,to consult upon the present unhappy state of the colonies. This meeting has been known as the First Continental Congress, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. Colonial militia units were organized.The spark火花came in the Boston area on April 19, 1775. When American revolutionaries were removing munitions 军需品from the arsenals兵工厂in the small towns of Lexington and Concord, about 50 kilo meters from Boston. Some British troops, after a night of marching, reached the village of Lexington, they met about 50 minutemen民兵. There was a dense fog and shots soon broke out from both sides. The American minutemen were forced to withdrawn leaving 8 of their dead upon the spot. Many Americans nearly heard the shots and began to prepare themselves. When the farmers at North Bridge. It was here that these American farmers fired” the shot heard round the world”.While the alarms of Lexington and Concord were still resounding, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, in a house which later becomes known as Independence Hall. In the meeting, the delegate agreed to support the war. The congress founded a Continental Army and Navy, and appointed George Washington as commander, who was a Virginian militia commander. It also appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration. Thomas Jefferson was in charge of drafting the Declaration of Independence. One after another, the colonies cast off their hesitation and, through their assemblies, declared of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and some other members, was appointed to draw up the Declaration of Independence. After three weeks of discussion, the committee prepared the famous document which was formally adopted on July 4, 1776, a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day or National Day in the United Seated. In fact it was the beginning of struggle.At the beginning of the war, the Americans suffered repeatedly setbacks. But, with Franklin’s successful diplomatic activities were a great help to thewar efforts. On Christmas Day of 1776, French-Americans defeated the British troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Before long, the American troops defeated the British at Saratoga in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the war, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S and the France.In 1781, Washington, with the help of the French army, penned the British troops at York town. On Virginia coast and, on October 19, the same year, the British general Cornwallis surrendered.In September 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. The peace treaty British recognized the independence, freedom, and sovereignty of the 13 states. The large expansion of land to the west of the colonies, with the Mississippi as the western limit, was also given to the 13 states.The American War of Independence was of great historical importance and influence. A new republic emerged浮现that a just cause will sooner or later win while the evil cause will surely lose. It also had great international influence. For example, the colonies in Spanish America rose up one after another to overthrow Spanish colonial rule. It also helped to promote the national liberation struggle of the colonies in the world.。