科技文献中英文对照翻译
科技文献中英文摘要范文
科技文献中英文摘要范文English:Nowadays, with the rapid advancement of technology, there has been increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and more. AI has the potential to revolutionize these industries by improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes. In healthcare, AI tools can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and even personalizing treatment plans. In finance, AI algorithms can analyze market trends, predict stock prices, and detect fraudulent activities. In transportation, AI can optimize routes, reduce traffic congestion, and improve safety measures. Despite the great benefits AI can bring, there are also ethical and privacy concerns that need to be addressed. It is essential for policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals to work together to ensure responsible and ethical AI development.中文翻译:如今，随着科技的快速发展，人们越来越热衷于将人工智能（AI）应用于医疗保健、金融、交通等各个领域。
科技文献中英文对照翻译
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
经典翻译范文之科技篇中英文对照
中国热门科技词汇科学发展观concept of scientific development全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people 发展科技scientific and technological advancement科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 农业技术agricultural technology[扩展]白色农业 white agriculture （microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture）超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas节水农业water-saving agriculture立体农业3-D agriculture农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products 农业科技agro-science农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops 生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture无土栽培soil -less cultivationBP机，传呼beeper, pager背投屏幕rear projection screen不明飞行物unidentified flying object （UFO）操作系统operating system产品科技含量technological element of a product创新innovation电话会议teleconference电话留言机answering machine对讲机talkie and walkie多媒体multimedia二期the second phase防抱死系统ABS （anti-lock braking system）孵化器incubator高产优质high yield and high quality高技术产业化apply high technology to production高科技板块high-tech sector高科技园high-tech park个人数字助理PDA （personal digital assistant）工业园区industrial park国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家重点实验室national key laboratories火炬计划Torch Program （a plan to develop new and high technology）计算机中央处理器central processing unit（CPU）技术产权technology property right技术交底confide a technological secret to someone.技术密集产品technology-intensive product交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces科技含量technology content科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive for ce科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development纳米nanometer三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River物种起源origin of species新兴学科new branch of science研究成果research results在孵企业incubated enterprises自动取款机automatic teller machine （ATM）自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciencesIT 信息技术[扩展]信息港info port信息高地information highland信息高速公路information superhighway信息革命information revolution信息含量information content信息化informationization信息技术处理ITA - Information Technology Agreement 信息检索information retri办公自动化OA （Office Automation）笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer 电脑病毒computer virus电脑犯罪computer crime电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子商务认证e-business certification电子邮件E-mail非对称数字用户环路ADSL （Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop）高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks公告板BBS （bulletin board system）光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine广域网WAN （wide area net word）汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software黑客hacker计算机2000年问题Y2K problem计算机辅助教育CAI -computer assisted instruction计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing计算机中央处理器CPU - central processing unit超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol （HTTP）界面interface金融电子化computerized financial services局域网LAN - local area network互联网服务提供商ISP （Internet Service Provider）全球移动通信系统（全球通）global system for mobile communications （GSM）刻录机CD burner宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks内联网、局域网（计算机）Intranet垃圾邮件junk mail千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug 人工智能AI - artificial intelligence人机交互human - computer interaction人机交互human-computer interaction虚拟人visual human虚拟网virtual net虚拟网virtual net虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟银行virtual bank因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider万维网World Wide Web（WWW）应用软件internet applications域名domain在线on line掌上电脑palm computer政府上网工程Government Online Project只读存储器read-only-memory （ROM）智能感知技术perceptive technology智能终端intelligent terminal中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system数码科技digital technology高保真Hi-Fi （High Fidelity）高清晰度电视high definition TV （HDTV）光谷optical valley光通讯optical communication蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc数码港cyber port数字地球digital globe数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation[详析] “蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。
英文文献 科技类 原文及翻译 64
13.3.3 C类放大器在C类功率放大器中，栅的偏压设成使晶体管在小于一半的时间内导通。
因此，漏极电流是由周期性的一串脉冲构成的。
传统上用正弦的上面部分来近似这些脉冲以便于进行直接分析②。
特别是我们假设漏极电流具有如下的形式：式中，偏置值I DC类似于线性放大器中的偏置电流，它对于C类放大器实际上是负值。
自然，整个漏极电流i D心总是为正或为零。
也就是说，漏极电流在晶体管导通时是一段正弦波，而在晶体管截止时为零。
我们继续假设晶体管在任何时候的工作情况都像是一个电流源(高输出阻抗)③。
由于我们仍然有一个高Q值的输出振荡回路，所以在负载两端的电压基本上保持为正弦，因此漏极电压和漏极电流如图13.4所示。
在以下的推导中，不必担心能否重复所有的这些细节。
正如我们将要看到的，我们如何设计这样的放大器与这些公式本身的含义有显著的不同，所以重点要放在所得到的一般结论而不是一些具体细节上。
我们从求解漏极电流不为零时总的导通角开始。
为了简化得到这一答案所需要的步骤，我们首先用余弦而不是正弦来重新写出漏极电流的表达式：显然，这样做没有任何改变，因为时间原点总是任选的。
在经过这样的修改之后，电流脉冲就如图13．5所示。
使电流等于零并求出总的导通角2中得到：我们现在可以计算平均漏极电流为:在用I DC的表达式替换后得到:我们将很快用这个表达式来推导效率作为导通角函数的公式。
我们需要的另一个量是传送到负载的功率的一般表达式。
正如与B类放大器一样由于高Q值的振荡回路而被简化，所以我们只需要计算傅里叶级数中的基波项：利用我们通过负载的基波电流的表达式，我们可以很容易地推导出最大输出电压摆幅的公式：上式允许我们求解用V DD表示的电流irf:峰值漏极电流为irf与偏置项的和为：上式可简化为:对于固定的输出电压，当脉冲宽度减小至零时，峰值漏极电流接近无穷大。
利用我们刚刚推导的公式可以很容易地计算出漏极效率为：当导通角缩小至零时，效率接近100％。
英文文献科技类原文及翻译39
英文文献科技类原文及翻译39摘要：讨论了一种具有普遍运用前景的指纹IC卡电子门禁系统，引见了其设计方案、系统的总线结构以及单片机控制局部的软、硬件完成。
该系统将成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术严密结合在一同，很好地处置了门禁系统中的身份认证效果和纸质门票带来的方便，具有很强的灵敏性、牢靠性和平安性，十分适宜于大型景色区等公共场所的门禁管理。
关键词：指纹门禁，智能卡，指纹识别，单片机关于一票制而需屡次进入的地铁、旅游胜地入口等场所，传统的纸质售票方式曾经越来越不适用于各部门管理的要求，停止计算机电子门票管理是社会开展的大势所趋。
其中入口处的身份认证是门禁管理的中心任务。
在现行的许多计算机系统中，用户的身份认证大都运用"用户ID+密码"的方法。
实践上，这种方法隐含着密码易遗忘、可传递、易被他人窃盗用等平安效果，同时在入口处需求密码输入不适宜人流量较大的公共场所，因此在电子门禁中需求一种更为便捷牢靠的身份认证方案。
针关于上述效果，本文讨论了一种已研制成功的基于成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术的电子门禁系统，它具有"人卡合一"的功用，方便牢靠地停止入口身份认证，十分便于部门管理。
1 门禁系统总体方案1.1"人卡合一"的设计思绪生物识别技术是一种依据人类的生理特征(指纹、声响、面孔、虹膜等)来停止团体身份认证的辩识技术。
近年来，随着信息产业的开展，生物识别技术在国际外失掉了越来越普遍的研讨和运用。
其中指纹自动识别技术是当今开展最成熟的一种生物识别技术，指纹作为人体生物识别的一种方式，它具有以下几个清楚的优点：(1)确定性：每个指纹在人六个月的时分构成，以后终身不会改动，即使被划伤、烧伤，只需不伤及真皮，都不会改动他的指纹外形。
(2)独一性：两个完全一样的指纹出现的概率十分小，不超越600亿分之一。
(3)取样复杂：只需一个电容或光学的指纹采集器就可采集指纹图像。
科技文献翻译
科技文献翻译Technology has transformed every aspect of our lives, from the way we communicate and work to how we shop and entertain ourselves. With the rapid advancement of technology, there is a growing demand for accurate translations of technology-related literature. This article aims to provide a translation of a technology paper consisting of 700 words.The paper titled "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Vehicles" explores the impact of AI in self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to revolutionize transportation. This paper discusses how AI technologies, such as deep learning and machine vision, have contributed to the development of autonomous vehicles.一项名为“人工智能在自动驾驶汽车中的角色”的研究探讨了AI在无人驾驶汽车中的影响。
在过去几年中，由于其改变出行方式的潜力，自动驾驶汽车引起了广泛关注。
英文文献科技类天线的性能原文及翻译
目录1 天线的性能 (1)1.1天线辐射 (2)1.2增益 (3)1.3有效面积 (6)1.4路径损耗 (6)1.5雷达距离方程和截面 (8)1.6为什么要使用一个天线？ (10)2 PROPERTIES OF ANTENNAS (11)2.1 ANTENNA RADIATION (12)2.2GAIN (14)2.3EFFECTIVE AREA (17)2.4PATH LOSS (17)2.5RADAR RANGE EQUATION AND CROSS SECTION (19)2.6WHY USE AN ANTENNA? (22)1 天线的性能一个方法是一本有关天线的书是从讨论天线如何辐射开始的。
从麦克斯韦方程组，我们得出了电磁波。
之后，进行冗长的讨论，其中包含了很多数学，我们在讨论这些波如何在导体上激发电流。
这个情节的下半部分，就是电流的辐射和产生的电磁波。
你可能已经研究过这个问题，或如果你想增进你的阅历，参考在电磁学方面的书籍。
研究电磁学就有了一些数学方面的见识来描述天线的辐射，并提供严谨，以防止错误。
我们跳过讨论这些方程，直接转到实际的问题。
这是很重要的认识到，天线在电流中产生辐射。
设计构成的控制电流产生预期的辐射分布，其所谓的方向图。
在许多情况下，问题是如何防止电流中的辐射，如在集成电路。
每当一电流变为在距离上从其返回电流中分隔，它发热着。
简单地说，我们的设计就是为了保持两个电流靠近在一起，以减少辐射。
一些讨论会忽略电流的分布，而作为代替则会考虑得出的数量，如在各个领域的光圈或磁流在一个缝隙或靠近边缘的一微带斑纹。
你会发现我们使用任何的概念来提供深入的或简化的数学。
天线1转换电路领域，必将成为传播的电磁波，并通过互惠，从通过电磁波中收集动力。
麦克斯韦方程组预测，任何时间变电气或磁场产生相反的领域和形成一电磁波。
波有其两个领域的面向正交，而且它在正常的方向上传播给由垂直的电场和磁场所定的飞机。
科技文献中英文翻译
Intelligent Power Supply英文With the rapid development of electronic technology, application field of electronic system is more and more extensive, electronic equipment, there are more and more people work with electronic equipment, life is increasingly close relationship. Any electronic equipment are inseparable from reliable power supply for power requirements, they more and more is also high. Electronic equipment miniaturized and low cost in the power of light and thin,small and efficient for development direction. The traditional transistors series adjustment manostat is continuous control linear manostat. This traditional manostat technology more mature, and there has been a large number of integrated linear manostat module, has the stable performance is good, output ripple voltage small, reliable operation, etc. But usually need are bulky and heavy industrial frequency transformer and bulk and weight are big filter.In the 1950s, NASA to miniaturization, light weight as the goal, for a rocket carrying the switch power development. In almost half a century of development process, switch power because of is small volume, light weight, high efficiency, wide range, voltage advantages in electric, control, computer, and many other areas of electronic equipment has been widely used. In the 1980s, a computer is made up of all of switch power supply, the first complete computer power generation. Throughout the 1990s, switching power supply in electronics,electrical equipment, into the rapid development. In addition, large scale integrated circuit technology, and the rapid development of switch power supply with a qualitative leap, raised high frequency power products of, miniaturization, modular tide.Power switch tube, PWM controller and high-frequency transformer is an indispensable part of the switch power supply. The traditional switch power supply is normally made by using high frequency power switch tube division and the pins, such as using PWM integrated controller UC3842 + MOSFET is domestic small power switch power supply, the design method of a more popularity.Since the 1970s, emerged in many function complete integrated control circuit, switch power supply circuit increasingly simplified, working frequency enhancesunceasingly, improving efficiency, and for power miniaturization provides the broad prospect. Three end off-line pulse width modulation monolithic integrated circuit TOP (Three switch Line) will Terminal Off with power switch MOSFET PWM controller one package together, has become the mainstream of switch power lC development. Adopt TOP switch lC design switch power, can make the circuitsimplified,volume further narrowing, cost also is decreased obviousiy.Monolithic switching power supply has the monolithic integrated, the minimalist peripheral circuit, best performance index, no work frequency transformer can constitute a significant advantage switching power supply, etc. American Pl (with) company in Power in the mid 1990s first launched the new high frequency switching Power supply chip, known as the "top switch Power", with low cost, simple circuit, higher efficiency. The first generation of products launched in 1994 represented TOP100/200 series, the second generation product is the TOPSwitch - debuted in 1997 П .The above products once appeared showed strong vitality and he greatly simplifies the design of 150W following switching power supply and the development of new products for the new job, also, high efficiency and low cost switch power supply promotion and popularization created good condition, which can be widely used in instrumentation, notebook computers, mobile phones, TV, VCD and DVD, perturbation VCR, mobile phone battery chargers, power amplifier and other fields, and form various miniaturization, density, on price can compete with the linear manostat AC/DC power transformation module.Switching power supply to integrated direction of future development will be the main trend, power density will more and more big, to process requirements will increasingly high. In semiconductor devices and magnetic materials, no new breakthrough technology progress before major might find it hard to achieve, technology innovation will focus on how to improve the efficiency and focus on reducing weight. Therefore, craft level will be in the position of power supply manufacturing higher in. In addition, the application of digital control IC is the future direction of the development of a switch power. This trust in DSP for speed and anti-interference technology unceasing enhancement. As for advanced control method, now the individual feels haven't seen practicability of the method appears particularly strong, perhaps with the popularity of digital control, and there are some new control theory into switching power supply.(1) The technology: with high frequency switching frequencies increase, switchconverter volume also decrease,power density has also been boosted, dynamic response improved. Small power DC - DC converter switch frequency will rise to MHz. But as the switch frequency unceasing enhancement, switch components and passive components loss increases, high-frequency parasitic parameters and high-frequency EMI and so on the new issues will also be caused．(2) Soft switching technologies: in order to improve the efficiency of non-linearity of various soft switch, commutation technical application and hygiene, representative of soft switch technology is passive and active soft switch technology, mainly including zero voltage switch/zero current switch (ZVS/ZCS) resonance, quasi resonant, zero voltage/zero current pulse width modulation technology (ZVS/ZCS - PWM) and zero voltage transition/zero current transition pulse width modulation (PWM) ZVT/ZCT - technical, etc. By means of soft switch technology can effectively reduce switch loss and switch stress, help converter transformation efficiency.(3) Power factor correction technology (IC simplifies PFC). At present mainly divided into IC simplifies PFC technology passive and active IC simplifies PFC technology using IC simplifies PFC technology two kinds big, IG simplifies PFC technology can improve AC - DC change device input power factor, reduce the harmonic pollution of power grid.(4) Modular technology. Modular technology can meet the needs of the distributed power system, enhance the system reliability.(5) Low output voltage technology. With the continuous development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, microprocessor and portable electronic devices work more and more low, this requires future DC - DG converter can provide low output voltage to adapt microprocessor and power supply requirement of portable electronic devicesPeople in switching power supply technical fields are edge developing related power electronics device, the side of frequency conversion technology, development of switch between mutual promotion push switch power supply with more than two year growth toward light, digital small, thin, low noise and high reliability, anti-interference direction. Switching power supply can be divided into the AC/DC and DC/DC two kinds big, also have AC/AC DC/AC as inverter DC/DC converter is now realize modular, and design technology and production process at home and abroad, are mature and standardization, and has approved by users, but the AC/DC modular, because of its own characteristics in the process of making modular, meetmore complex technology and craft manufacture problems. The following two types of switch power supply respectively on the structure and properties of this.Switching power supply is the development direction of high frequency, high reliability, low consumption, low noise, anti-jamming and modular. Because light switch power, small, thin key techniques are changed, so high overseas each big switch power supply manufacturer are devoted to the development of new high intelligent synchronous rectifier, especially the improvement of secondary devices of the device, and power loss of Zn ferrite (Mn) material? By increasing scientific and technological innovation, to enhance in high frequency and larger magnetic flux density (Bs) can get high magnetic under the miniaturization of, and capacitor is a key technology. SMT technology application makes switching power supply has made considerable progress, both sides in the circuit board to ensure that decorate components of switch power supply light, small, thin. The high frequency switching power supply of the traditional PWM must innovate switch technology, to realize the ZCS ZVS, soft switch technology has become the mainstream of switch power supply technical, and greatly improve the efficiency of switch power. For high reliability index, America's switch power producers, reduce by lowering operating current measures such as junction temperature of the device, in order to reduce stress the reliability of products made greatly increased．Modularity is of the general development of switch power supply trend can be modular power component distributed power system, can be designed to N + 1 redundant system, and realize the capacity expansion parallel. According to switch power running large noise this one defect, if separate the pursuit of high frequency noise will increase its with the partial resonance, and transform circuit technology, high frequency can be realized in theory and can reduce the noise, but part of the practical application of resonant conversion technology still have a technical problem, so in this area still need to carry out a lot of work, in order to make the technology to practional utilization.Power electronic technology unceasing innovation, switch power supply industry has broad prospects for development. To speed up the development of switch power industry in China, we must walk speed of technological innovation road, combination with Chinese characteristics in the joint development path, for the high-speed development of national economy to make the contribution.中文智能开关电源随着电子技术的高速发展，电子系统的应用领域越来越广泛，电子设备的种类也越来越多，电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系口益密切。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
代尔夫特开发过程和涂数据库架构对行人运动收集数据在三个欧洲城市中心、诺维奇、鲁昂、科布伦茨,和在另一个实验中收集活动数据的13个家庭在Almere(荷兰)一个星期。
本文提出的问题是:什么是GPS的价值是“传感器技术的测量活动的人吗?结论是,GPS提供了一个广泛的可用的工具来收集宝贵的时空数据在不同尺度和不同的设置添加新层的知识城市研究,但使用GPS技术和部署的GPS设备仍为未来的研究提供了重要的挑战。
Keywords:GPS;Tracking;People;Behaviour;Mapping;Movement.关键字：GPS；跟踪；人群：行为；制图；运动1.Introduction1.引言1.1.The Global Navigation Satellite System1.1全球导航卫星系统The availability of so-called geopositioning devices such as GPS(Global Positioning System) devices has grown enormously in the last decade and is still increasing.More and more people own a navigation system such as a TomTom,a GPS for orientation for outdoor uses,biking and geo-cachingor a mobile phone or other handheld communication device with built-in GPS.These devices are mainly used for orientation(determining where you are),navigation(determining where to go)and communication(exchanging information with others or accessing information services).But the devices can also be used for tracking,i.e.saving a travelled route into a track log.This ability makesthe technology useful to collect spatial-temporal data and thus as‘sensors’for observing and measuring activities of people[1].所谓的可用性geopositioning设备如GPS(全球定位系统)设备有了巨大的增长在过去的十年,仍在增长。
越来越多的人拥有自己的导航系统如TomTom GPS定向用于户外,骑自行车和geo 缓存或手机或其他手持通信设备内置GPS。
这些设备主要用于定向(确定你在哪里),导航(确定去哪里)和沟通(与他人交换信息或访问信息服务)。
但设备还可以用于跟踪,即节约了旅行路线进入跟踪日志。
这种能力使得有用的技术来收集数据,因此时空“传感器”观察和测量活动的人[1]。
GPS is a Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS).GNSS is a system for location or position determination–so called geopositioning[2].Using a special receiver,a geoposition in space and time can be calculated based on the reception of satellite signals.The United States’Global Positioning System(GPS)was the first available system using satellite Position Determination Technology(PDT) [2].Other GNSSs are under development in Europe(Galileo)and Russia(Glonass).GPS是一种全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)。
GNSS系统对位置或位置测定——所谓的geopositioning[2]。
使用一个特殊的接收器,一个geoposition在空间和时间的基础上可以计算卫星信号的接收。
美国的全球定位系统(GPS)是第一个可用的系统使用卫星定位技术(PDT)[2]。
其他GNSSs正在发展在欧洲(伽利略)和俄罗斯(格洛纳斯)。
GNSS is an essential Positioning Determination Technology for many fields of study.Although in recent years the system has undergone a significant‘modernisation’to improve its quality[2],the capability for geopositioning in the built-up(urban)environment is still one of its major weaknesses.In particular the availability of accurate indoor signals and with low speeds is limited.The futureavailability of Galileo is expected to increase the performance of GPS significantly[3].New technology such as high-sensitive GPS receivers will improve the accessibility to GPS signals.GNSS技术是一个重要的定位确定为许多研究领域。
虽然近年来系统进行了重要的“现代化”,以改善其质量[2],geopositioning的能力在组合(城市)环境仍然是它的一个主要弱点。
特别是室内信号的可用性和较低的准确速度是有限的。
未来的可获性伽利略预计将增加GPS的性能显著[3]。
新技术如高灵敏度GPS接收机将提高可访问性对GPS信号。
1.2.Seeing the Global Navigation Satellite System as Sensor Technology1.2.看到全球导航卫星系统作为传感器技术The most general definition of a sensor is‘a device which detects or measures a physical property’(Compact Oxford English Dictionary).A more specific definition of a sensor is‘a device that respondsto a physical stimulus(as heat,light,sound,pressure,magnetism,or a particular motion)and transmitsa resulting impulse(as for measurement or operating a control)’(Merrian Webster).Seeing GPS as a sensor requires use of the latter definition.Rather than a physical property it measures the location and motion of a GPS device and the person or object that carries it.The output is in the form of a track logwith3-dimensional spatial location coordinates and a time stamp.In an effort to characterize different types of sensors,Michahelles and Schiele[4]distinguish six sensing dimensions of which location, activity and interaction apply to GPS.Their analysis of sensor applications shows the appropriatenessof placing GPS devices on both humans and objects.The experiments in this paper are limited to GPS devices carried by humans and the‘location’and‘activity’dimensions of sensing.最通用的定义,一个传感器是一种检测装置,或衡量一个物理性质”(紧凑的牛津英语词典)。