《供应链管理I》第11章在线测试
（完整版）供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案
（完整版）供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案Chapter 11Managing Uncertainty in the Supply Chain: Safety Inventory True/False1. Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand thatexceeds the amount forecasted for a given period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are accurate and aproduct shortage may result if the forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus themargin captured from customer purchases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding costs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility when newproducts come on the market.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined by the uncertainty of bothdemand and supply and the desired level of cycle inventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate7. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventories increases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of safetyinventory decreases.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Lead time is the gap between when an order is placed and when it is received.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The coefficient of variation measures the size of the relative certainty of cycleinventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Product availab ility reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out of availableinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. Order fill rate is the fraction of product demand that issatisfied from product ininventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Product fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is significant in a singleproduct situation.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. Tracking order fill rates is important when customers place a high value on theentire order being filled simultaneously.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. With continuous review, inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed at regular intervals of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. With periodic review, inventory status is checked at regular intervals and an orderis placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle(ESC) isthe average units ofdemand that are satisfied from inventory in stock per replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cycle only if the demand during the leadtime exceeds the ROP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The fill rate increases and the cycle service level decreases as the safetyinventory is increased.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot size increases the fill rate butnot the cycle service level.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The required safety inventory grows rapidly with a decrease in the desiredproduct availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. The required safety inventory increases with an increase in the lead time and thestandard deviation of periodic demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. A goal of any supply chain manager is to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired regardless of the affect product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. In most supply chains, the key to reducing the underlying forecast uncertainty isto link all forecasts throughout the supply chain to customer demand data.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. A reduction in supply can help dramatically reduce safety inventory requiredwithout hurting product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demand only if demand acrossthe regions being aggregated is not perfectly positively correlated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In case demand in different geographical regions is about the same size andindependent, aggregation increases safety inventory by the square root of thenumber of areas aggregated.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. If aggregation reduces the required safety inventory fora product by a smallamount, it may be best to carry the product in multiple decentralized locations to reduce response time and transportation cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. The lower the coefficient of variation of an item, the greater the reduction insafety inventories as a result of centralization.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Manufacturer-driven substitution increases overall profitability for themanufacturer by allowing some aggregation of demand, which reduces theinventory requirements for the same level of availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate32. Postponement allows the supply chain to delay product differentiation, whichresults in disaggregating most of the inventories in the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate33. Periodic review policies require more safety inventory than continuous reviewpolicies for the same level of product availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When using a continuous review policy, a manager has toaccount for theuncertainty of demand during the lead time and the review interval.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amountforecasted for a given period isa. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. safety inventory.d. security inventory.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy2. Safety inventory is carried becausea. demand forecasts are accurate.b. demand forecasts are uncertain.c. adequate supplies are available.d. excess product was manufactured.e. forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate3. The trade-off that a supply chain manager must consider when planning safetyinventory isa. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs.b. decreasing product availability versus decreasinginventory holding costs.c. increasing product availability versus raising the level of safety inventory.d. decreasing product availability versus decreasing the level of safetyinventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4. The issue of product availability and the level of safety inventory is particularlysignificant in industries wherea. product life cycles are short and demand is stable.b. product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.c. product life cycles are long and demand is stable.d. product life cycles are long and demand is very volatile.e. a and b onlyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate5. A key to success at which company has been its ability to provide a high level ofproduct availability to customers while carrying very low levels of safety inventory in its supply chain?a. Compaqb. Hewlett-Packardc. Delld. Packard-Belle. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. What key question(s) need(s) to be considered when planning safety inventoryfor any supply chain?a. What is the appropriate lead time to establish?b. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry?c. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducingsafety inventory?d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate7. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined bya. the uncertainty of both demand and supply.b. the desired level of product availability.c. the desired level of cycle inventory.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingall of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate8. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventoriesa. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of safetyinventorya. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. Lead time is the gap betweena. when an order is placed and when it is received.b. when an order is received and when it is put away.c. when an order is received and when it is used.d. when an order is acknowledged and when it is received.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The coefficient of variation measuresa. the accuracy of the demand forecast.b. the size of the uncertainty relative to demand.c. the relevance of cycle inventory to demand.d. the relative certainty of the forecast.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a measure of product availability?a. customer fill rateb. product fill ratec. order fill rated. cycle service level(CSL)e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level(CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. The fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level(CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy15. The fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand beingmet is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level(CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. If a customer order arrives when product is not availablea. a sale results.b. the retailer allocates product to the customer.c. a stockout results.d. the order is filled from safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate isa. not significant in a single product situation.b. significant in a single product situation.c. not significant when a firm is selling multiple products.d. significant when a firm is selling multiple products.e. both a and dAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate18. A replenishment policya. consists of decisions regarding when to reorder and how much to reorder.b. determines the cycle and safety inventories along with the fr and the CSL.c. may take several forms.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. A company that tracks inventory and places an order fora lot size Q when theinventory declines to the reorder point (ROP) is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy20. A company that checks inventory status at regular periodic intervals and placesan order to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate21. Which of the following is correct?a. Average inventory = cycle inventory + safety inventoryb. Average inventory = cycle inventory - safety inventoryc. Average inventory = cycle inventory x safety inventoryd. Average inventory = cycle inventory / safety inventorye. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy22. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle(ESC) isa. the units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stock in agiven replenishment cycle.b. the units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock in a givenreplenishment cycle.c. the average units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stockper replenishment cycle.d. the average units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock perreplenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The product fill rate (fr)is thus given bya. fr = 1 –ESC/Q + (Q – ES C)/Q.b. fr = 1 –ESC/Q –(Q – ES C)/Q.c. fr = 1 + ESC/Q = (Q + ES C)/Q.d. fr = 1 –ESC/Q = (Q – ES C)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard24. Given a lot size of Q (which is also the average demandin a replenishment cycle)a. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC + Q.b. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC –Q.c. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC/Q.d. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC x Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard25. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cyclea. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the ROP.b. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the ROP.c. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the average demand.d. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the average demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate26. As the safety inventory is increaseda. fill rate increases and cycle service level decreases.b. fill rate decreases and cycle service level increases.c. both fill rate and cycle service level increase.d. both fill rate and cycle service level decrease.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate27. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot sizea. decreases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.b. increases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.c. decreases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.d. increases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle is shown asa. ESC = (1 + fr)Q.b. ESC = (1 –fr)Q.c. ESC = (1 + fr)/Q.d. ESC = (1 –fr)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The required safety inventorya. grows rapidly with a decrease in the desired product availability.b. grows rapidly with an increase in the desired product availability.c. decreases with an increase in the desired product availability.d. remains stable with an increase in the desired product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate30. The required safety inventorya. increases with an increase in the lead time and thestandard deviation ofperiodic demand.b. decreases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.c. remains stable with an increase in the lead time and the standarddeviation of periodic demand.d. increases with a decrease in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. A goal of any supply chain manager is toa. increase the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.b. increase the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.c. reduce the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.d. reduce the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate32. Which of the following is not an approach to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired in a way that does not adversely affect product availability?a. Reduce the supplier lead time.b. Reduce the underlying uncertainty of demand.c. Reduce the cost of material coming from suppliers.d. All of the above are approaches.e. None of the above are approaches.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard33. Often, safety inventory calculations in practicea. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be higher than required.b. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be lower than required.c. include measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that may behigher than required.d. include any measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that maybe lower than required.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard34. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demanda. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is perfectly positivelycorrelated.b. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectlypositively correlated.c. even if demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectlypositively correlated.d. whenever demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectlypositively correlated.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard35. If the number of independent stocking locations decreases by a factor of n, theaverage safety inventory is expected toa. decrease by a factor of √n.b. decrease by a factor of n.c. increase by a factor of √n.d. increase by a factor of n.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Which of the following is not a major disadvantage of aggregating all inventory inone location?a. Increase in forecast accuracy of customer demand.b. Increase in response time to customer order.c. Increase in transportation cost to customer.d. All of the above are disadvantages.e. All of the above are advantages.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy37. Which of the following is not a method by which a supply chain can extract thebenefits of aggregation without having to physically centralize all inventories inone location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component differentiatione. postponementAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderation38. Which approach to aggregation requires an information system that allowsaccess to current inventory records from each location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy39. Which approach to aggregation would stock the fast-moving items atdecentralized locations close to the customer and slow-moving items at acentralized location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate40. The use of one product to satisfy demand for a different product isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41. Which use of common components in a variety of products has been a veryeffective supply chain strategy to exploit aggregation and reduce componentinventories?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy42. The ability of a supply chain to delay product differentiation or customization untilcloser to the time the product is sold isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate43. Which approach to aggregation has the goal of moving product differentiation asclose to the pull phase of the supply chain as possible?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate44. Periodic review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate45. Continuous review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate46. Periodic review policies requirea. more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same levelof product availability.b. less safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same level ofproduct availability.c. the same safety inventory as continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.d. no more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate47. All inventory between a given stage in the supply chain and the final customer iscalled thea. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. echelon inventory.d. safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard48. A distributor should decide his safety inventory levels based ona. the level of safety inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.b. the level of safety inventory carried by other distributors.c. the level of safety inventory carried by manufacturers supplying him.d. the level of cycle inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.e. the level of cycle inventory carried by other distributors.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard49. As retailers decrease the level of safety inventory they carry, the distributor willhave toa. decrease his or her safety inventory.b. increase his or her safety inventory.c. keep his or her safety inventory at the same level.d. increase his or her cycle inventory.e. decrease his or her cycle inventory.Answer: bDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of safety inventory in the supply chain and the trade-offsinvolved.Answer: The primary role of safety inventory is providing product availability forcustomers when demand and supply are uncertain. The trade-off that a supplychain manager must consider when planning safety inventory involve productavailability and inventory holding costs. On one hand, raising the level of safetyinventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured fromcustomer purchases. On the other hand, raising the level of safety inventoryincreases inventory holding costs. This issue is particularly significant inindustries where product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility but can reallyhurt if new products come on the market and demand for the product in inventory dries up. The inventory on hand then becomes worthless.In tod ay’s business environment, firms experience great pressure to improveproduct availability while increasing product variety through customization. As aresult, markets have become increasingly heterogeneous and demand forindividual products is very unstable and difficult to forecast. Both the increasedvariety and the increased pressure for availability push firmsto increase the level of safety inventory they hold.At the same time, product life cycles have shrunk. This increases the risk to firms of carrying too much inventory. Thus, a key to the success of any supply chain isto figure out ways to decrease the level of safety inventory carried without hurting the level of product availability.Difficulty: Hard2. Discuss the various measures of product availability.Answer: Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out ofavailable inventory. A stockout results if a customer order arrives when product is not available. There are several ways to measure product availability. Allavailability measures are defined on average over a given time frame, which can range from hours to a year.Product fill rate (fr) is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory. It is equivalent to the probability that product demand is suppliedfrom available inventory.Order fill rate is the fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory. In amulti-product scenario, an order is filled from inventory only if all products in theorder can be supplied from the available inventory. Order fill rates tend to belower than product fill rates because all products must be in stock for an order to be filled.Cycle service level(CSL) is the fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand being met. A replenishment cycle is the interval betweentwo successive replenishment deliveries. The CSL is equal to the probability ofnot having a stockout in a replenishment cycle. Observe that a CSL of 60 percent will typically result in a much higher fill rate.The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is not significant in asingle product situation. When a firm is selling multiple products, however, thisdifference may be significant. For example, if most orders include 10 or moredifferent products that are to be shipped, an out-of-stock situation of one product results in the order not being filled from stock. The firm in this case may have apoor order fill rate even though it has good product fill rates. Tracking order fillrates is important when customers place a high value on the entire order beingfilled simultaneously.Difficulty: Moderate3. Describe the two types of ordering policies and the impact each has on safetyinventory.Answer: A replenishment policy consists of decisions regarding when to reorderand how much to reorder. These decisions determine the cycle and safetyinventories along with the fr and the CSL. There are several forms thatreplenishment policies may take. We restrict attention to two instances:1. Continuous review: Inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed when the inventory declines to the reorder point (ROP). The time between orders may fluctuate given variable demand. When using a continuousreview policy, a manager has to account only for the uncertainty of demandduring the lead time (L).2. Periodic review: Inventory status is checked at regular periodic intervals andan order is placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold. In thiscase, the time between orders is fixed. The size of each order, however, canfluctuate given variable demand. Periodic review replenishment policies requiremore safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same lead time andlevel of product availability, because the safety inventory has to cover fordemand uncertainty over the lead time and the review interval (L + T). Periodicreview policies are simpler to implement for retailers because they do not require that the retailer have the capability of continuously monitoring inventory. Giventhat higher uncertainty must be accounted for, periodic review policies will requirea higher level of safety inventory.Difficulty: Moderate4. Explain the impact of supplier lead time on safety。
XXX《供应链管理1》在线测试
XXX《供应链管理1》在线测试供应链是指从原材料采购到制造结束并进入市场的整个供应过程，是一种商品流通的链式结构。
推动式供应链的生产方式是订单定制式生产，而供应链的结构是网链结构。
有效性供应链适用于有效型产品。
21世纪全球竞争的主要特点是产品生命周期越来越长，顾客对产品和服务的要求越来越高，以及由企业之间竞争转变为供应链之间的竞争。
供应链管理涉及的主要领域包括供应领域、生产计划领域、物流领域和需求领域。
在供应链管理环境下，资源优化的空间由企业内部扩展到企业外部，生产能力的利用范围也扩展到了供应链系统的全过程，而交货期的概念更加强调，提前期则不强调其固定与否。
业务外包指将企业的一部分业务委托给其他企业或机构进行处理，但核心业务通常不会被外包。
因此，当企业的核心业务存在财务问题时，将其外包出去并不是一个正确的做法。
相反，业务外包的目的是专注于核心竞争力，实现范围经济。
B、高灵活性C、高响应性D、高可视性B、所有产品和服务的总收入是企业的重要指标之一。
D、实施利润相关的活动是企业获得利润的重要手段。
B、核心竞争力是企业在市场竞争中具有优势的关键因素。
D、建立合作伙伴关系对企业来说是一项具有挑战性的任务。
B、企业需要与国际供应商合作，同时协调各组织间的关系和运营。
C、即使对于某些企业来说，物流业务不是成功的关键，也应该谨慎考虑将其外包。
2、企业进行业务外包的动力不包括（D）A、规模经济B、提高效率C、风险分摊3、价值链是指：（A）A、企业活动所产生的总价值B、企业的组织架构C、提供产品和服务的供应网络4、下列说法正确的是（D）A、企业实行业务外包是为了分担风险B、外包业务不可能形成全球性C、全球的业务外包已经形成5、以下哪项不属于全球性供应链的特点（A）A、需要提供信息，为管理人员强化管理提供便利B、范围扩大C、直接通过实时信息交换进行，有效控制和协作范围均比以前扩大D、跨越组织边界将供应链中各相关的组织单位联结起来4、成功运作供应链的关键因素是：（ABCD）A、实时的可视性B、灵活性C、响应性D、快速的新产品上市E、员工培训5、企业要成功地实施外包需要经过以下哪些阶段？（ABDE）A、企业的内部分析和评估B、评估自己的需求，选择服务提供商C、签订外包协议D、实施外包E、管理外包业务第一题、单项选择题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、以下哪一项不是支持公司战略所需的功能性战略？（B）A、财务战略B、质量战略C、产品开发战略D、运营战略2、供应链管理中提到的客户主要是指（C）A、只是指最终的消费者B、只涉及企业内部的部门C、可以指代供应链上的每个相关企业和部门3、牙膏属于以下哪一类商品（B）A、高隐含需求不确定性产品B、稍微需求确定低生产不确定产品C、稍微需求不确定产品D、低隐含需求不确定性产品4、西瓜属于以下哪一类商品（C）A、高隐含需求不确定性低生产不确定性产品B、稍微需求确定低生产不确定产品C、低隐含需求不确定高生产不确定产品D、低隐含需求不确定性产品5、生鲜产品供应链应该具备以下哪种能力（C）A、高效率性B、高灵活性C、高响应性D、高可视性C、在追求较快响应的同时，牺牲一定的效率是一种供应链管理策略。
供应链管理I—考试题库及答案
A.再订货点B.中转存货C.现有存货D.周期存货A.挑选出的标准通常使得现有的供应商更符合自己的要求B.在制定供应商筛选标准时对供应市场进行分析并不重要C.在制定供应商筛选标准时一定要客观、公正，是经过小组的讨论通过的D.每一个采购类别的供应商筛选标准都可能是不一样的A.有影响力的合作伙伴B.普通合作伙伴C.竞争性/技术性合作伙伴D.战略性合作伙伴回答错误!正确答案： DA.技术型产品B.有效型产品C.功能型产品D.创新型产品A.所有货物通过配送中心的库存向外运送B.通过配送中心利用送奶线路的运送C.利用送奶线路的直接运送D.直接运输A.在制定供应商筛选标准时一定要客观、公正，是经过小组的讨论通过的B.在制定供应商筛选标准时对供应市场进行分析并不重要C.挑选出的标准通常使得现有的供应商更符合自己的要求D.每一个采购类别的供应商筛选标准都可能是不一样的A.采购（包含订购）工作要做到五个恰当：恰当的数量、恰当的时间、恰当的地点、恰当的价格、恰当的来源B.采购最终的目标是通过比较不同供应商的价格，选择最便宜的，从而实现公司在原材料支出最小化C.一般情况下单次采购量越大，在价格上得到的优惠越多，同时因采购次数减少，采购费用会相对降低，但一次进货数量过大容易造成积压，占压资金，且增加了利息支出和仓储管理费用D.如果一次采购量过小，那么在价格上得不到优惠，同时因采购次数的增多而加大采购费用的支出，并且增加了因供应不及时而造成停产待料的风险A.鼓励供应商提出建议B.选择和监督供应商C.与供应商共同研发新的产品和技术D.持续改进供应商质量、成本和交货周期A.自动库存补充方法体现了战略供应商联盟的新型企业合作关系。
B.联合库存管理比供应商管理库存的方式更优越；C.制造商管理库存体现了战略供应商联盟的新型合作企业合作关系；D.联合库存管理体现了战略供应商联盟的新型企业合作关系；A.集成性B.简洁性C.集优化D.动态性A.建立供应商与分销商（批发商）的合作框架协议B.建立顾客情报信息系统C.建立销售网络管理系统D.建立基于标准的托付订单处理模式A.复杂性B.容量与用户需求的关系C.功能模式D.稳定性A.存货补给周期B.完成周期C.平均完成周期D.订货完成周期回答错误!正确答案： BA.自动补货B.快速反应的集成C.联合产品开发D.零售空间管理A.库存的垂直分组B.由供应商对逐日的库存水平进行管理C.库存水平的目测管理D.委托库存A.简单库存与复杂库存B.多余库存与实际库存C.过量库存与恰当库存D.单周期库存与多周期库存A.高需求/ 高价值B.低需求/ 高价值C.高需求/ 低价值D.低需求/ 低价值A.复杂性B.流通性C.交叉性D.动态性A.具体执行生产加工业务的企业B.电子产品服务C.拥有关键核心技术自主知识产权的企业D.承包方或受托方回答错误!正确答案： AA.快速反应的集成B.自动补货C.联合产品开发D.零售空间管理A.冲程B.进程C.行程D.流程A.距离经济B.集成效应C.规模不经济D.规模经济A.劳动力供给B.法制条件C.交通条件D.土地供应A.赢利型供应链B.ECR（efficient customer response）有效消费者响应C.反应型供应链D.QR(Ｑuick Ｒesponse) 快速反应A.价值增值=企业收入—企业成本B.价值增值=用户价值—用户成本C.价值增值=企业利润D.价值增值=用户满意—用户期望值A.服务B.产品C.效益D.客户A.稍微需求确定低生产不确定产品B.高隐含需求不确定性低生产不确定性产品C.低隐含需求不确定高生产不确定产品D.低隐含需求不确定性低生产不确定性产品A.网链结构B.支链结构C.链式结构D.环状结构A.在传统的采购方式下，质量、交货期等都是通过事前把关的办法进行控制的B.传统采购具有迅速响应用户需求的能力C.传统采购的供需关系是临时的或短时期的合作关系，合作多于竞争D.传统采购的重点是重视交易过程的供应商的价格比较，通过供应商的多头竞争，从中选择最低的价格A.企业将业务外包后，必须加强对外包业务的监督和管理。
供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案(可编辑修改word版)
Chapter 11Managing Uncertainty in the Supply Chain: Safety InventoryTrue/False1. Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand thatexceeds the amount forecasted for a given period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are accurate and aproduct shortage may result if the forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus themargin captured from customer purchases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding c osts.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility when newproducts come on the market.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined by the uncertainty of bothdemand and supply and the desired level of cycle inventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate7. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventories increases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of s afetyinventory decreases.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Lead time is the gap between when an order is placed and when it is r eceived.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The coefficient of variation measures the size of the relative certainty of cycleinventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out of availableinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. Order fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Product fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is significant in a singleproduct situation.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. Tracking order fill rates is important when customers place a high value on theentire order being filled simultaneously.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. With continuous review, inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed at regular intervals of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. With periodic review, inventory status is checked at regular intervals and an orderis placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) is the average units ofdemand that are satisfied from inventory in stock per replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cycle only if the demand during the leadtime exceeds the ROP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The fill rate increases and the cycle service level decreases as the safetyinventory is increased.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot size increases the fill rate butnot the cycle service level.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The required safety inventory grows rapidly with a decrease in the desiredproduct availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. The required safety inventory increases with an increase in the lead time and thestandard deviation of periodic demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. A goal of any supply chain manager is to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired regardless of the affect product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. In most supply chains, the key to reducing the underlying forecast uncertainty isto link all forecasts throughout the supply chain to customer demand data.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. A reduction in supply can help dramatically reduce safety inventory requiredwithout hurting product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demand only if demand acrossthe regions being aggregated is not perfectly positively correlated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In case demand in different geographical regions is about the same size andindependent, aggregation increases safety inventory by the square root of thenumber of areas aggregated.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. If aggregation reduces the required safety inventory for a product by a smallamount, it may be best to carry the product in multiple decentralized locations t o reduce response time and transportation cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. The lower the coefficient of variation of an item, the greater the reduction insafety inventories as a result of centralization.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Manufacturer-driven substitution increases overall profitability for themanufacturer by allowing some aggregation of demand, which reduces theinventory requirements for the same level of availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate32. Postponement allows the supply chain to delay product differentiation, whichresults in disaggregating most of the inventories in the supply chain. Answer:FalseDifficulty: Moderate33. Periodic review policies require more safety inventory than continuous reviewpolicies for the same level of product availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When using a continuous review policy, a manager has to account for theuncertainty of demand during the lead time and the review interval.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amountforecasted for a given period isa. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. safety inventory.d. security inventory.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy2. Safety inventory is carried becausea. demand forecasts are accurate.b. demand forecasts are uncertain.c. adequate supplies are available.d. excess product was manufactured.e. forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: b Difficulty:Moderate3. The trade-off that a supply chain manager must consider when planning safetyinventory isa. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs.b. decreasing product availability versus decreasing inventory holding costs.c. increasing product availability versus raising the level of safety inventory.d. decreasing product availability versus decreasing the level of safetyinventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4. The issue of product availability and the level of safety inventory is particularlysignificant in industries wherea. product life cycles are short and demand is stable.b. product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.c. product life cycles are long and demand is stable.d. product life cycles are long and demand is very volatile.e. a and b onlyAnswer: b Difficulty:Moderate5. A key to success at which company has been its ability to provide a high level ofproduct availability to customers while carrying very low levels of safety inventory in its supply chain?a. Compaqb. Hewlett-Packardc. Delld. Packard-Belle. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. What key question(s) need(s) to be considered when planning safety inventoryfor any supply chain?a. What is the appropriate lead time to establish?b. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry?c. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducingsafety inventory?d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate7. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined bya. the uncertainty of both demand and supply.b. the desired level of product availability.c. the desired level of cycle inventory.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingall of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate8. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventoriesa. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of s afetyinventorya. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. Lead time is the gap betweena. when an order is placed and when it is received.b. when an order is received and when it is put away.c. when an order is received and when it is used.d. when an order is acknowledged and when it is received.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The coefficient of variation measuresa. the accuracy of the demand forecast.b. the size of the uncertainty relative to demand.c. the relevance of cycle inventory to demand.d. the relative certainty of the forecast.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a measure of product availability?a. customer fill rateb. product fill ratec. order fill rated. cycle service level (CSL)e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. The fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy15. The fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand beingmet is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. If a customer order arrives when product is not availablea. a sale results.b. the retailer allocates product to the customer.c. a stockout results.d. the order is filled from safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate isa. not significant in a single product situation.b. significant in a single product situation.c. not significant when a firm is selling multiple products.d. significant when a firm is selling multiple products.e. both a and dAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate18. A replenishment policya. consists of decisions regarding when to reorder and how much to reorder.b. determines the cycle and safety inventories along with the fr and the CSL.c. may take several forms.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. A company that tracks inventory and places an order for a lot size Q when theinventory declines to the reorder point (ROP) is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy20. A company that checks inventory status at regular periodic intervals and placesan order to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate21. Which of the following is correct?a. Average inventory = cycle inventory + safety inventoryb. Average inventory = cycle inventory - safety inventoryc. Average inventory = cycle inventory x safety inventoryd. Average inventory = cycle inventory / safety inventorye. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy22. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) isa. the units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stock in agiven replenishment cycle.b. the units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock in a givenreplenishment cycle.c. the average units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stockper replenishment cycle.d. the average units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock perreplenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The product fill rate (fr) is thus given bya. fr = 1 –ESC/Q + (Q – ES C)/Q.b. fr = 1 –ESC/Q – (Q – ES C)/Q.c. fr = 1 + ESC/Q = (Q + ES C)/Q.d. fr = 1 –ESC/Q = (Q – ES C)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard24. Given a lot size of Q (which is also the average demand in a replenishmentcycle)a. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC + Q.b. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC –Q.c. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC/Q.d. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC x Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard25. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cyclea. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the ROP.b. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the ROP.c. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the average demand.d. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the average demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate26. As the safety inventory is increaseda. fill rate increases and cycle service level decreases.b. fill rate decreases and cycle service level increases.c. both fill rate and cycle service level increase.d. both fill rate and cycle service level decrease.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate27. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot sizea. decreases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.b. increases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.c. decreases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.d. increases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle is shown asa. ESC = (1 + fr)Q.b. ESC = (1 –fr)Q.c. ESC = (1 + fr)/Q.d. ESC = (1 –fr)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The required safety inventorya. grows rapidly with a decrease in the desired product a vailability.b. grows rapidly with an increase in the desired product availability.c. decreases with an increase in the desired product a vailability.d. remains stable with an increase in the desired product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate30. The required safety inventorya. increases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.b. decreases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.c. remains stable with an increase in the lead time and the standarddeviation of periodic demand.d. increases with a decrease in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. A goal of any supply chain manager is toa. increase the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.b. increase the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.c. reduce the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.d. reduce the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate32. Which of the following is not an approach to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired in a way that does not adversely affect product availability?a. Reduce the supplier lead time.b. Reduce the underlying uncertainty of demand.c. Reduce the cost of material coming from suppliers.d. All of the above are approaches.e. None of the above are approaches.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard33. Often, safety inventory calculations in practicea. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be higher than required.b. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be lower than required.c. include measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that may behigher than required.d. include any measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that maybe lower than required.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard34. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demanda. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is perfectly positivelycorrelated.b. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is not p erfectlypositively correlated.c. even if demand across the regions being aggregated is not p erfectlypositively correlated.d. whenever demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectlypositively correlated.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard35. If the number of independent stocking locations decreases by a factor of n, theaverage safety inventory is expected toa. decrease by a factor of √n.b. decrease by a factor of n.c. increase by a factor of √n.d. increase by a factor of n.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Which of the following is not a major disadvantage of aggregating all inventory inone location?a. Increase in forecast accuracy of customer demand.b. Increase in response time to customer order.c. Increase in transportation cost to customer.d. All of the above are disadvantages.e. All of the above are advantages.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy37. Which of the following is not a method by which a supply chain can extract thebenefits of aggregation without having to physically centralize all inventories inone location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component differentiatione. postponementAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderation38. Which approach to aggregation requires an information system that allowsaccess to current inventory records from each location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy39. Which approach to aggregation would stock the fast-moving items atdecentralized locations close to the customer and slow-moving items at acentralized location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: b Difficulty:Moderate40. The use of one product to satisfy demand for a different product isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41. Which use of common components in a variety of products has been a veryeffective supply chain strategy to exploit aggregation and reduce componentinventories?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy42. The ability of a supply chain to delay product differentiation or customization u ntilcloser to the time the product is sold isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: e Difficulty:Moderate43. Which approach to aggregation has the goal of moving product differentiation asclose to the pull phase of the supply chain as possible?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate44. Periodic review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate45. Continuous review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate46. Periodic review policies requirea. more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same levelof product availability.b. less safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same level ofproduct availability.c. the same safety inventory as continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.d. no more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate47. All inventory between a given stage in the supply chain and the final customer iscalled thea. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. echelon inventory.d. safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard48. A distributor should decide his safety inventory levels based ona. the level of safety inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.b. the level of safety inventory carried by other distributors.c. the level of safety inventory carried by manufacturers supplying him.d. the level of cycle inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.e. the level of cycle inventory carried by other distributors.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard49. As retailers decrease the level of safety inventory they carry, the distributor willhave toa. decrease his or her safety inventory.b. increase his or her safety inventory.c. keep his or her safety inventory at the same level.d. increase his or her cycle inventory.e. decrease his or her cycle inventory.Answer: bDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of safety inventory in the supply chain and the trade-offsinvolved.Answer: The primary role of safety inventory is providing product availability forcustomers when demand and supply are uncertain. The trade-off that a supplychain manager must consider when planning safety inventory involve productavailability and inventory holding costs. On one hand, raising the level of safetyinventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured fromcustomer purchases. On the other hand, raising the level of safety inventoryincreases inventory holding costs. This issue is particularly significant inindustries where product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility but can reallyhurt if new products come on the market and demand for the product in inventory dries up. The inventory on hand then becomes worthless.In today’s business environment, firms experience great pressure to improveproduct availability while increasing product variety through customization. As aresult, markets have become increasingly heterogeneous and demand forindividual products is very unstable and difficult to forecast. Both the increasedvariety and the increased pressure for availability push firms to increase the level of safety inventory they hold.At the same time, product life cycles have shrunk. This increases the risk to firms of carrying too much inventory. Thus, a key to the success of any supply chain is to figure out ways to decrease the level of safety inventory carried without hurting the level of product availability.Difficulty: Hard2. Discuss the various measures of product availability.Answer: Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out ofavailable inventory. A stockout results if a customer order arrives when product is not available. There are several ways to measure product availability. Allavailability measures are defined on average over a given time frame, which can range from hours to a year.Product fill rate (fr) is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory. It is equivalent to the probability that product demand is suppliedfrom available inventory.Order fill rate is the fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory. In a multi-product scenario, an order is filled from inventory only if all products in theorder can be supplied from the available inventory. Order fill rates tend to belower than product fill rates because all products must be in stock for an order to be filled.Cycle service level (CSL) is the fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand being met. A replenishment cycle is the interval betweentwo successive replenishment deliveries. The CSL is equal to the probability ofnot having a stockout in a replenishment cycle. Observe that a CSL of 60 percent will typically result in a much higher fill rate.The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is not significant in asingle product situation. When a firm is selling multiple products, however, thisdifference may be significant. For example, if most orders include 10 or moredifferent products that are to be shipped, an out-of-stock situation of one product results in the order not being filled from stock. The firm in this case may have apoor order fill rate even though it has good product fill rates. Tracking order fillrates is important when customers place a high value on the entire order beingfilled simultaneously.Difficulty: Moderate3. Describe the two types of ordering policies and the impact each has on safetyinventory.Answer: A replenishment policy consists of decisions regarding when to reorderand how much to reorder. These decisions determine the cycle and safetyinventories along with the fr and the CSL. There are several forms thatreplenishment policies may take. We restrict attention to two instances:1. Continuous review: Inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed when the inventory declines to the reorder point (ROP). The time between orders may fluctuate given variable demand. When using a continuousreview policy, a manager has to account only for the uncertainty of demandduring the lead time (L).2. Periodic review: Inventory status is checked at regular periodic intervals andan order is placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold. In thiscase, the time between orders is fixed. The size of each order, however, can。
(完整版)供应链管理试题及答案.doc
三、名词解释供应链 - --- 是围绕企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品运送到消费者手中，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构模式。
吸脂性定价 --- 是建立高价位并吸收所有市场需求曲线上端顾客的策略。
独立需求 --- 是来自于外部客户或市场的需求，不能直接从其他产品需求中派生出来。
安全库存 --- 是指当不确定因素已导致更高的预期需求或导致完成周期更长时的缓冲存货，安全库存用于满足提前期需求。
有效顾客响应 --- 是应用于食品行业，分销商和供应商为消除系统中不必要的成本和费用，给客户带来更大效益而进行密切合作的一种供应链管理方法。
供应链管理--- 是同一供应链上的所有节点企业，包括供应商、分销商、零售商等，将所处的供应链中的各种资源进行集成，并对供应链中的各种动作进行同步化、集中化管理，从而形成高度竞争力，使得该供应链的产品在快速多变的市场中处于优势地们的一种管理模式。
渗透性定价 --- 是指最初以低价进入新市场而获取更大的市场占有率的策略。
派分需求 --- 是指要在发货点派分某种货物或某项服务的需求和提前期。
第三方物流 --- 是指物流的实际需求方和物流的实际供给方之外的第三方，它部分或全部利用第二方的资源，通过合约向第一方提供物流服务，它是业务外包在物流业务中的具体表现。
客户关系管理--- 是一种以客户为中心的管理思想和经营理念，目的在于改善企业与客户之间的关系，在企业的市场、销售、服务与技术支持等与客户相关的领域中广泛实施，通过为不同类型的客户定制不同的服务，吸引和保持更多的客户。
现代物流管理 -- 是指将信息、运输、库存、仓储、搬运以及包装等系列物流活动综合起来的一种新型的集成式管理，他的目的在于以最低成本为顾客提供最好的服务。
牛鞭效应 -- 由于供应链的信息流从末端向源端传递时，信息扭曲会逐级放大，导致需求信息的波动越来越大。
《供应链管理》课程测验试卷及答案(2)
《供应链管理》课程测验试卷及答案(2)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：试卷B课程名称：供应链管理考试方式：完成时限：班级名称：学号：姓名：题号一二三四五六总分分值20 20 20 15 25 100 得分阅卷人一、不定项选择题（多选、少选或错选均不给分，每题1分，共20分）1.供应链管理中有两个理念吸引许多跨国企业的青睐：（）A. 轻资产运作B. 快速响应C. 协同运作D. 运作高效率2.除了质量、成本和柔性，以下还有哪些是供应链管理可以实现的客户价值：（）A. 交付能力B. 交付数量C. 创新D. 服务质量3.以下哪些是供应链管理需要的信息质量特点？（）A. 准确的B. 相关的C. 及时的D. 可传递的4.库存在供应链中不同环节的表现形式大致可以分为生产库存和（）。
A. 循环库存B. 安全库存C. 季节性库存D. 投机库存的5.供应链上的不确定性可表现为两种不确定性：（）A. 供应不确定B. 衔接不确定C. 运作不确定D. 配送不确定6.供应链联盟的动因在于两个方面：（）和加强企业核心竞争力。
A. 快速响应市场B. 降低信息成本C. 增加市场份额D. 降低库存成本7.我们认为可通过以下几种方式来建立一条柔性的供应链：（）A. 库存冗余B. 及时响应C. 延迟制造D. 物流配送8.优秀供应链的4A特质：（）和构建价值的能力。
A. 敏捷力B. 适应力C. 持续力D. 协同力9.收益管理的核心在于（）。
A. 价格一致B. 价格细分C. 利润D. 供应链10.差异化定价策略大致可以分为（）。
A. 顾客差异化定价B. 渠道差异化定价C. 产品差异化定价D. 时间差异化定价11.供应链管理中的信息作用主要有（）A. 协调供应链运作B. 降低供应链运作成本C. 提高供应链市场反应能力D. 增强企业的运作柔性和战略优势12.供应链中的两大信息陷阱是（）A. 信息拥有不完美B. 信息拥有不对称C. 信息传递不完美D. 信息传递不对称13.牛鞭效应产生的原因有（）A. 需求预测偏差B. 订货批量决策C. 价格波动D. 短缺博弈14.以下哪几点是外包业务的风险？（）A. 供应链权力转移B. 服务水平下降C. 竞争隐患D. 技术外溢15.以下哪一项不是使用第三方物流的企业的优越性。
供应链考试的题目和答案
供应链考试的题目和答案供应链管理考试题目及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 供应链管理的核心是（）。
A. 降低成本B. 提高效率C. 客户满意度D. 以上都是答案：D2. 供应链管理不包括以下哪一项（）。
A. 供应商管理B. 库存管理C. 财务管理D. 客户关系管理答案：C3. 供应链中的“链”指的是（）。
A. 产品链B. 信息链C. 价值链D. 以上都是答案：D4. 供应链管理的最终目标是（）。
A. 提高利润B. 降低成本C. 提高客户满意度D. 以上都是答案：D5. 供应链中的“上游”指的是（）。
A. 供应商B. 制造商C. 零售商D. 消费者答案：A6. 供应链管理中的“牛鞭效应”是由于（）。
A. 信息不对称B. 需求预测不准确C. 库存管理不当D. 以上都是答案：D7. 供应链管理中的“供应商关系管理”主要关注（）。
A. 价格谈判B. 质量控制C. 交货时间D. 以上都是答案：D8. 供应链中的“库存”包括（）。
A. 原材料B. 在制品C. 成品D. 以上都是答案：D9. 供应链管理中的“需求计划”主要关注（）。
A. 历史数据B. 市场趋势C. 促销活动D. 以上都是答案：D10. 供应链管理中的“运输管理”主要关注（）。
A. 运输成本B. 运输时间C. 运输安全D. 以上都是答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 供应链管理的主要环节包括（）。
A. 采购B. 生产C. 销售D. 客户服务答案：ABCD2. 供应链管理中的风险包括（）。
A. 供应风险B. 需求风险C. 运输风险D. 信息风险答案：ABCD3. 供应链管理中的“协同”包括（）。
A. 供应商协同B. 制造商协同C. 零售商协同D. 客户协同答案：ABCD4. 供应链管理中的“信息技术”包括（）。
A. 企业资源规划（ERP）B. 供应链执行系统（SCE）C. 客户关系管理（CRM）D. 电子商务（e-commerce）答案：ABCD5. 供应链管理中的“绩效评估”包括（）。
《供应链管理》课程测验试卷及答案
《供应链管理》课程测验试卷及答案《供应链管理》课程测验试卷及答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————⽇期：试卷A课程名称：供应链管理考试⽅式：完成时限：班级名称：学号：姓名：题号⼀⼆三四五六总分分值20 20 20 15 25 100 得分阅卷⼈⼀、不定项选择题（多选、少选或错选均不给分，每题1分，共20分）1.供应链管理中有两个理念吸引许多跨国企业的青睐：（）A. 轻资产运作B. 快速响应C. 协同运作D. 运作⾼效率2.供应链管理时代⾯临的市场竞争情况：（）A. 产品⽣命周期⽇渐缩短B. 产品种数飞速膨胀C. 交货期变得越来越严格D. 客户对产品和服务与⽇俱增3.除了质量、成本和柔性，以下还有哪些是供应链管理可以实现的客户价值：（）A. 交付能⼒B. 交付数量C. 创新D. 服务质量4.供应链管理关注的三个焦点是什么？（）A. 库存B. 信息C. 不确定D. 物流5.库存在供应链中不同环节的表现形式⼤致可以分为⽣产库存和（）。
A. 循环库存B. 安全库存C. 季节性库存D. 投机库存的6.供应链上的不确定性从根本上讲是由以下3个⽅⾯的原因所造成：（）A. 外部环境的不可预测B. 决策信息的可靠性C. 需求预测能⼒的偏差D. 管理者的决策质量7.横向集成的供应链联盟具有以下4个特征：⾏为的战略性和（）A. 合作的平等性B. 范围的⼴泛性C. 竞争的根本性D. 联合的充分性8.优秀供应链的4A特质：（）和构建价值的能⼒。
A. 敏捷⼒B. 适应⼒C. 持续⼒D. 协同⼒9.收益管理的核⼼在于（）。
A. 价格⼀致B. 价格细分C. 利润D. 供应链10.与功能性产品相匹配的供应链运作战略是（）。
A. 响应型供应链B. 柔性供应链C. 有效型供应链D. 功能性供应链11.供应链管理中的信息作⽤主要有（）A. 协调供应链运作B. 降低供应链运作成本C. 提⾼供应链市场反应能⼒D. 增强企业的运作柔性和战略优势12.供应链中的两⼤信息陷阱是（）A. 信息拥有不完美B. 信息拥有不对称C. 信息传递不完美D. 信息传递不对称13.⽜鞭效应产⽣的原因有（）A. 需求预测偏差B. 订货批量决策C. 价格波动D. 短缺博弈14.以下哪⼏点是外包业务的风险？（）A. 供应链权⼒转移B. 服务⽔平下降C. 竞争隐患D. 技术外溢15.假设B公司的利润率为5%，在其他条件不变的情况下，B公司节省1元钱的采购成本，公司若想考增加销售收⼊来获得同样的利润，则需要增加多少销售额？（）A. 5元B. 10元C. 15元D. 20元16.从成本的⾓度去看待供应链采购管理，有哪些要点需要注意？（）A. 降低原材料采购成本B. 提⾼物流效率C. 降低库存D. 改善质量17.以下哪些是JIT采购的特点：（）A. 单源采购B. 采购质量⾼C. ⼩批量和多频次采购D. 信息共享程度好18.VMI采购模式的应⽤给供应链绩效带来了以下两个⽅⾯的改善：（）A. 信息共享程度好B. 采购质量⾼C. 降低了需求⽅的采购管理⼯作D. 改善供应商的运营计划19.单源采购的脆弱性主要表现在哪些⽅⾯？（）A. 区域性突发状况导致的供应中断B. 采购效率差C. 供应商产能的不⾜D. 采购价格问题20.百安居在中国使⽤的物流模式是：（）A. ⾃营和外包并举B. 只有⾃营C. 只有外包D. 以上都不对⼆、判断题（对的请打√，错的请打×并修改错误之处，每题2分[修改错误占1分]，共20分）1.供应链管理中的⼤多决策失误可以归结到对市场的误判。
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《供应链管理I》第11章在线测试
A B
C D
、供应链管理与企业内部管理最大的不同之处在于，在供应链中没有组织机构和行政隶属关系作为支撑，只能以强调（
A B
C D
、均衡记分卡由（
A B
C D
、不属于增值性物流服务包括的内容含义和内容的是（
A B
C D
、供应链绩效评价体系应该随着组织结构的改变而（
A B
C D
D、供应链绩效评价指标仅要求能够评价供应商的运营情况
E、供应链绩效评价指标能够对供应链业务流程进行实时评价
2、供应链绩效评价一般应包括对 ( )的评价。
A、内部绩效
B、外部绩效
C、供应链综合绩效
D、供应链运行结果
E、供应链运行过程
3、下列关于供应链产销率的描述正确的是（）。
A、该指标反映了供应链在一定时间内的产销经营情况
B、该指标反映了供应链资源的有效利用程度
C、该指标反映了供应链库存水平和产品质量
D、产销率越接近1，说明资源利用程度越高
E、产销率越接近1，说明供应链成品库存量越大
4、下列关于满意度指标的理解正确的是（）。
A、在其它因素不变的情况下，供应商产品质量合格率越高，满意度越高
B、在其它因素不变的情况下，供应商准时交货率越高，满意度越高
C、满意度指标是反映供应链上下游节点企业之间关系的绩效评价指标之一
D、在满意度指标中，权重的取值随着上游供应商的不同而不同。
E、在满意度指标中，权重的取值是唯一不变的量
5、综合供应链绩效衡量主要从（）等几个方面展开。
A、顾客服务
B、时间
C、成本。