2001年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
北外翻译专业考研试题及答案
北外翻译专业考研试题及答案试题：北外翻译专业考研模拟试题一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 创新- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 文化多样性2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Globalization- E-commerce- Biodiversity- Climate change- Human rights二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）3. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。
- 教育是提升一个国家整体素质的关键。
- 保护环境是每个公民的责任。
4. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- "Knowledge is power" is a well-known proverb that encourages continuous learning.- The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.- Environmental protection should be a priority for governments worldwide.三、段落翻译（每题25分，共50分）5. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
它们不仅推动了国际贸易的增长，还促进了文化交流和技术创新。
6. 将下列英文段落翻译成中文：In the face of climate change, it is imperative that we take immediate action. Sustainable practices must be adopted to reduce our carbon footprint, and international cooperation is essential to address this global challenge.答案：一、词汇翻译1. 创新 - Innovation可持续发展 - Sustainable development人工智能 - Artificial intelligence国际贸易 - International trade文化多样性 - Cultural diversity2. 全球化 - Globalization电子商务 - E-commerce生物多样性 - Biodiversity气候变化 - Climate change人权 - Human rights二、句子翻译3. 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。
北外英语学院翻译考研真题
北外英语学院翻译考研真题一、英译汉Passage 1:The Price of EducationThe fact that university education has become such a lucrative business has attracted much attention. Universities in the United States, for example, constantly compete to attract students, and they do so by offering various inducements.Some universities offer better facilities, and try to create an attractive environment in which to live and study. Increasingly, however, the quality of education is also being judged by the percentage of graduates who are able to find employment after graduation. Employers, it seems, are no longer satisfied with a university education per se, but want to be assured that graduates will have the skills necessary for the job. To ensure this, some universities are offering simulated work experience as part of their degree programs. Some universities even venture into the realm of industry and commerce, regarding themselves as training colleges rather than as scholarly institutions.The motives behind this new emphasis on practical training are not entirely altruistic. Many universities in the United Kingdom, for example, rely heavily on government funding. The thinking is that by producing employable graduates, universities are not only ensuring that their graduates get good jobs and earn good money, they are also reducing the burden on thestate. Indeed, in some countries, universities that fail to achieve high levels of graduate employment are actually penalized financially.But what is sacrificed in this obsession with practicality? The traditional concept of a university is based on the belief that knowledge is valuable in itself, and that the purpose of education is the pursuit of truth. To surrender this belief and degrade the university to the role of industry training center is to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Certainly, graduates must be able to find employment to support themselves, but a society that puts material gain above all else is a society that has lost its soul.Passage 2:Another Look at Cross-cultural CommunicationThe common expectation of much cross-cultural training is that it is designed to help business people improve their cross-cultural communication competence, thus increasing performance in a variety of multicultural or international contexts. Cross-cultural training often takes the form of brief seminars, sometimes with hands-on experiential exercises and is meant to be enjoyable, eye-opening and informative. Many authors believe that by offering such training, organizations are doing the right thing for their employees because effective cross-cultural communication skills can be a competitive advantage in business.However, less attention has been given to understanding the linkage between the skills and competencies that have been delineated and measured and the ability of learners to effectively apply such knowledge and abilities in specific situations they are likely to encounter at work. Despite the proliferation of studies advocating the use of cross-cultural training toenhance global management effectiveness, very little is known about how training may affect the actual performance of individuals or groups that are experiencing business or mission/aid-related challenges outside of their native cultural contexts.In today’s globalized and technological world, businesses and individuals are more connected across cultural boundaries than ever. In fact, almost all businesses from small to multinational employ individuals who have some form of cross-cultural interactions on a daily basis. By increasing our understanding of the linkages between knowledge, skills and abilitiesand desired training outcomes, we may be able to help individuals and organizations more effectively navigate the challenges associated with increasingly dynamic and complex cross-cultural task environment in which they operate.二、汉译英翻译 Passage 1：教育的代价大学教育已成为一个利润丰厚的生意，这一事实引起了广泛关注。
2001北京外国语大学高翻学院同声传译试题
2001 年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成英语 (35%不久前美国宇航局宣布,他们测得的数据显示,在最近两个月,南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯(Punta Arenas上空。
这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。
更为严重的是 ,这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。
许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生 ,臭氧距地面约 25-30 公里 ,能吸收 99%的太阳紫外线 ,可以说 ,它是地球生态环境的天然屏障 ,也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。
据科学家测算 ,大气中臭氧含量每减少 1%,太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加 2%,而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加 5%至 7%。
但现在 ,可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。
为了居民的身体健康 ,篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。
这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。
篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民, 最好不要在中午 11 点到下午 3 点之间外出 ,因为在阳光下曝晒 7 分钟左右 ,皮肤就会受到损伤。
据科学家们观测 ,臭氧空洞目前已达到 2800多万平方公里 ,而造成臭氧空洞的 , 正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质 ,才使臭氧越来越稀薄 ,最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。
虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大 ,还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致 ,但气温的升高 ,又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。
但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次,也是最后一次 !II.将下列单句译成英语 (15%1。
我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争 , 争取长时间的和平 , 集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。
2。
冷战后,世界形势出现了重大的变化,两极格局宣告终结,多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。
3。
近些年来 ,在经济全球化的冲击下,原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。
发达国家在调整,新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整 ,尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。
北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009
北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷..................错误！未定义书签。
北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)...错误！未定义书签。
北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题. (1)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (6)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (21)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (26)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (30)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (34)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题Ⅰ.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in 1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of thetime look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141words)Ⅱ.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October? many steel products rose by more than10per cent? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood thatmore state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices,such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent,but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China andfor the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(451words)Ⅲ.将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。
北外高翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓
北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。
积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。
中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。
在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。
（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。
2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）It is not a coincidence that the global economy is experiencing the most severe case of unemployment during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on economic activity；in fact,growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin:when economic activity is high,more production happens overall,and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services.And when economic activity is low,firms cut jobs and unemployment rises.In that sense,unemployment is countercyclical,meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.But unemployment does not fall in lockstep with an increase in growth.It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out more products—that is,to increase their productivity.Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers.As a consequence,unemployment may start to come down only well after an economic recovery begins.The phenomenon works in reverse at the start of a downturn,when firms would rather reduce work hours,or impose some pay cuts before they let workers go.Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged.Because unemployment follows growth with a delay,it is called alagging indicator of economic activity.(228words)【参考译文】自大萧条后，最严重的经济危机与最高的失业率同时显现于全球经济，这并非偶然。
北京外国语大学高级英语翻译理论与实践院英汉互译同声传译专业考研经验
北外高翻英汉互译同声传译专业考研经验报考院校: 北京外国语大学高级翻译学院英汉互译（口译方向）我是从大三上学期开始准备考研的，其实本来没想这么早启动，因为偶然听了一场专业机构的讲座，在老师的提醒下意识到自己的目标比较高，竞争比较激烈，所以决定及早动手报了班开始全面复习，俗话说：早起的鸟儿有食吃。
考研首先要有一个明确的目标，也就说确定考研的院校、专业，由于不同的专业有不同的学习方法，所以明确了目标专业、学校，才能制定合理的学习计划。
对于考研，我想很重要的是合理的学习计划、有效的参考资料以及良好的心态。
在专业机构报了班了解到英语真题的文章主要出自欧美的一些权威期刊杂志，所以我从大三上学期就开始有意识的翻看一些外文杂志，包括：Economist、Times等，还有在图书馆里经常会翻的：Digest、China today、English World等。
由于开始的时间比较早，因此，在看的时候，并不着急，慢慢看，认真看，有问题的时候会问问专业机构的老师,这个是免费的,不会的单词一定要查，这样不仅能能有效提升阅读的能力，也能储备一些背景知识，这都是对付考研英语很重要的基本元素。
合理的学习计划对于一个准备考研的学生来说，如何在较短的时间内做到高效的复习？是很多人关心的问题，这里就凸显了计划的重要性，合理有效的计划是成功的不二法则。
培训机构的全程策划班给我们讲了一个基本的计划模版，我又根据个人的实际情况作了个性化的调整，下面将我的学习计划与大家分享一下：大三下学期开始开学，写计划，开始下决心认真准备：专业一轮：3.4.5.6月牢固基础，多看原版杂志；第二轮：7.8月暑假天热，在专业课强化班听教师指导，同时复习二外，开始看参考书；第三轮：9.10.11月强化政治，认真看，开始做题；二外也不丢，重点在杂志和翻译书上，多看多翻,经常让老师看自己的作品,让老师给意见,说实话,我都不好意思了,就报了一个班,确总去问问题,不过专业机构的教务老师每次还是很热情,安排老师给答疑；第四轮：12.1 冲刺，各科模拟题、真题，严格按时间限制练习，培养考试感觉：政治背大题，看时事，上了专业机构的冲刺点题班,重点击破可能的考点；二外再次认真看参考书、单词；杂志还是不能断，根据个人安排时间量；翻译真题，练习题，术语强记。
北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题
北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题（三）(doc3).docArtificial speechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. You will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks. Changes like this will encompass the whole world. Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. We’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.There are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. But it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now.Small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. Lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. Most economies have both types of markets. But the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.Developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. Underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. So, compared with farmers in Canada, poor farmers in Bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.What limits market opportunities? The transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. And barriers to entry for new participants. What increases them? Institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.Yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. Institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. For instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in Africa. Andinstitutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. The challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic development.。
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2001年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列短文译成英语（35%）不久前美国宇航局宣布，他们测得的数据显示，在最近两个月，南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas）上空。
这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。
更为严重的是，这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。
许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生，臭氧距地面约25-30公里，能吸收99%的太阳紫外线，可以说，它是地球生态环境的天然屏障，也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。
据科学家测算，大气中臭氧含量每减少1%，太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加2%，而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加5%至7%。
但现在，可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。
为了居民的身体健康，篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。
这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。
篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民，最好不要在中午11点到下午3点之间外出，因为在阳光下曝晒7分钟左右，皮肤就会受到损伤。
据科学家们观测，臭氧空洞目前已达到2800多万平方公里，而造成臭氧空洞的，正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质，才使臭氧越来越稀薄，最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。
虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大，还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致，但气温的升高，又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。
但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次，也是最后一次！【参考译文】Not long ago,NASA(national aeronautics and space administration) announced that the data they had collected showed that in the recent two months,the ozone holes above the Antarctic had extended to Punta Arenas,a southern Chilean city.This is the largest hole that has been observed by mankind so far.More seriously,this is also the first time that ozone holes cover a densely populated city.Many people are familiar with the importance of ozone.Ozone layer,located about25-30km above the ground,can absorb99%of the sun's ultraviolet rays.It can be said the natural barrier of the Earth's ecological environment and the protection umbrella for human survival and reproduction.According to scientists,if the ozone content in the atmosphere reduces1%,the sun's ultraviolet radiation will increase by2%,and the number of skin cancer patients will increase by5%to7%.But now,it can be said that all the inhabitants of a city are at risk of skin cancer. To protect inhabitants'health,Punta Arenas and its neighboring areas can't help but declare a state of emergency.This is probably the first time that human beings have entered a state of emergency due to the problem of ozone hole.Punta Arenas health department repeatedly warned the public,it is not advisable to go out from 11o'clock to3p.m.,because the skin will suffer damages after exposure under the sun for about7minutes.According to scientists,the ozone hole has reached more than2800million square kilometers.It is Freon and some other chemical substances released during the incessant industrial production that deplete ozone layer and finally such a huge hole forms.Although the expanding of ozone hole partly results from the rising of temperature in the Antarctic continent,yet the rising temperature is directly related with the release of carbon dioxide in huge amount.We hope that the warn in Punta Arenas is the first time,and also the last time!二、将下列单句译成英语（15%）1.我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争,争取长时间的和平,集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。
【答案】We sincerely hope that no war will emerge and peace will last for a long time so that we can pour all of our energies on domestic modernization.2.冷战后，世界形势出现了重大的变化，两极格局宣告终结，多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。
【答案】After the Cold War,the world situation has undergone major changes that the bipolar world declared the end and multipolarization has become the leading direction of the evolution of the international situation.3.近些年来，在经济全球化的冲击下，原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。
发达国家在调整，新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整，尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。
【答案】In recent years,under the impact of economic globalization,the original division of labor and resource allocation is undergoing historic and important changes.Developed countries,the emerging industrialized countries,developing countries and economic transition countries are all carrying on adjustments, although the content and emphases are different from each other.三、将下列短文译成汉语（35%）Sanctions are a blunt instrument that can sometimes be ed against Iraq,they forced its horrible dictator to disgorge nearly all his most lethal weapons. Ten years on,the perspective has changed.Saddam Hussein remains implanted in power without,for the past15months,any UN inspectors on the spot to discourage him from reinventing his nastiest toys.At the same time,sanctions have all but destroyed his country:its health and educational systems have collapsed;its infrastructure has rusted away;its middle classes have disappeared into poverty;its children are dying.A lot of people now conclude that a change of policy is needed.The oil-for-food programme,passed by the UN Security Council in1996,was supposed to rescue ordinary Iraqis from the deprivations of sanctions.Iraq is allowed to sell a certain amount of oil in exchange for"humanitarian"goods.Denis Halliday,an experienced UN hand,ran this programme for two years,but then resigned in disgust(as did his successor,a few weeks ago).Mr.Halliday now writes forthrightly of"genocide".He and others describe how American and British representatives on the Sanctions Committee hold up everything they suspect, however remotely,to be of dual use.The list of suspect goods runs from heart and lung machines to wheelbarrows,from fire-fighting equipment to detergent,from water pumps to pencils.Some of these points were confirmed this month by Kofi Annan,the UN'S secretary-general,in his report on Iraqi sanctions to the Security Council.He revealed how far the oil-for-food programme still is from alleviating the Iraqitragedy.Mr.Annan has spread his criticism around but is particularly upset,first,by the dangerously dilapidated state of Iraq's oil industry and,second,by the Sanctions Committee's erratic delays in giving the go-ahead for the delivery of goods for hospitals:some$150m worth of medicine and medical equipment is currently held up.At one time,outsiders were set in their views on Iraqi sanctions, seeing the situation in black or white.Now there is a large grey area,and an insistent question:are sanctions still the right policy?The authors document the impact of sanctions on the lives of ordinary Iraqis,and the arguments for change are pretty convincing.The undecided should pay heed.【参考译文】制裁是一种钝器，但有时它也能发挥作用。