Mechanics(1)
机械工程专业英语(施平版)Lesson 1

• 2. A complete assembly that performs a specific function in a larger machine • 传动装置:一套装置,在一个更大机器中有具体的功能
2015/9/22 《机械工程专业英语教程》 2
V belt and pulley
V带和带轮
2015/9/22
《机械工程专业英语教程》
10
Some of the terms used in mechanics are defined below. Force Our earliest ideas concerning forces arose because of our desire to push, lift, or pull various objects. So force is the action of one body on another. Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application , direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force.
2015/9/22
《机械工程专业英语教程》
9
For example, if the force operating on a journal bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of the bearing.
工程管理专业本科生培养方案

工程管理专业本科生培养方案一、培养目标本专业培养具备管理学、经济学和土木工程技术基本知识,掌握现代管理科学理论、方法和手段,熟悉相关法规,能在国内外工程建设领域从事全过程项目策划、管理和实务运作;以及房地产投资与经营管理、物业管理等方面的复合型高级管理人才。
二、培养基本规格要求(一)品德和政治思想要求热爱社会主义祖国、拥护中国共产党的领导;坚持四项基本原则,努力学习马列主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论;熟悉国家有关方针、政策和法规;爱祖国、爱劳动、遵纪守法;团结同志、关心集体,政治思想素质高;热爱专业,有较强的事业心、责任感和勇于开拓创新精神;品行端正、道德品质优良。
(二)主要知识和能力要求以马列主义、毛泽东思想基本原理以及邓小平理论为指导,通过四年的学习,掌握本专业的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能。
较系统地掌握必要的经济管理科学的基本理论、建筑工程技术的基本知识;了解本专业范围内科学技术的新发展;掌握本专业所必需的现代数理方法,受到必要的技术经济分析能力和决策能力的训练,以及建筑施工管理、工程概预算方面的基本训练。
具有独立获取新知识的意识和能力;具有初步的投资项目管理能力,较强的计算机应用能力,结合所学知识解决理论与实际问题的能力,掌握一门外语。
具体是:1.掌握工程管理的组织理论、计划方法和实施目标控制的基本技能;掌握建设投资经济活动的基本规律和技术经济评价分析与项目决策的原理、方法;2.熟悉建筑土木工程技术知识;熟悉工程项目建设的方针、政策和法规;熟悉房地产基本制度与政策、房地产金融、投资、估价和经纪等基本业务;3.了解国内外工程管理的理论和实践的发展动态;4.具有运用计算机辅助解决工程管理问题的能力;具有工程造价管理(或建筑工程概预算)能力;具有从事工程项目决策与全过程管理的基本能力;具有初步的房地产投资与经营管理能力;具有准确、精练的口头与文字表达能力;外语达到四级以上,具有阅读和翻译专业书刊的能力和较强的听说能力。
力学专业英语资料(一)考研必备

I. Theoretical Mechanics理论力学Gravitational Force, Gravity重力Concurrent Force汇交力, Coplanar Force共面力Force, Torque / Moment扭矩, Couple 约束力,反应,被动力,内力Constraint Force, Reaction, Passive Force, Internal/External Force 静力学直角坐标分量,合力,平行四边形准则Rectangular Components, Resultant Force, Parallelogram Law 1. Statics Composition of Force力的合成, Free Body Diagram隔离体Vector (Magnitude, Direction)矢量, Scalar标量静力平衡平衡方程平衡条件Net Force = 0Static Equilibrium, Equation of Equilibrium, Conditions for EquilibriumNet Torque/Moment = 0Rectilinear MovementMotion of Particle粒子运动Curvilinear Movement运动学 Translation平移2. Kinematics Motion of Rigid Body刚体运动Rotation扭转Linear线性的Velocity速度, Acceleration加速度Angular有角的Momentum, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy动量,动能,势能动力学Moment of Inertia (Rectangular, Polar), Radius of Gyration惯性矩,回转半径3. Dynamics, Kinetics Centroid (Center of Mass/Gravity)中心Vibration, Oscillation (Free/Forced/Damped/Undamped)振动Simple Harmonic Motion, Period, Frequency简谐振动,周期,频率Pendulum, Centrifugal/Centripetal Force钟摆,离/向心力II. Mechanics of Materials材料力学材料强度 Compressive, Compression压缩1. Strength of Materials Tensile, Tension (Elongation, Extension)伸长Shear, Shearing剪切Linear, Hooke’s LawElastic弹性, Elasticity Non-linearViscoelasticity, Pseudo-elasticity, Super-elasticity粘弹性,拟弹性,超弹性应力应变关系塑性 Perfect Plasticity理想塑性2. Stress-Strain Relation/Behavior Plastic, Plasticity Viscoplasticity, Viscosity黏性, Creeping徐变, RelaxationBrittle脆性, Ductile柔性Work Hardening/Softening, Strain Hardening/Softening弹性模量,弹性系数 Young’s Modulus = Axial Stress / Axial Strain杨氏模量3. Modulus of Elasticity, Elastic Modulus Shear Modulus = Shear Stress / Shear Strain剪切模量Bulk Modulus = Volumetric Stress / Volumetric Strain体积弹性模量破坏理论,失效准则,屈服准则 Maximum Principal Stress Theory最大应力准则4. Failure Theory, Failure Criteria, Yield Criteria Shear Stress TheoryMohr-Coulomb Theory库伦理论Shear Force剪力, Bending Moment弯矩, Flexural Load弯曲荷载梁 Bending Stress弯曲应力, Normal Stress正应力, Shear Stress剪应力 (Horizontal/Longitudinal, Vertical/Transverse)5. Beam Neutral Axis中性轴, Flexure屈曲, Deflection挠曲Cantilever Beam悬臂梁, Simply Supported Beam简支梁, Pin-end, Fixed End固定端Uniformly/Linearly Distributed Load均布荷载, Concentrated Load集中荷载Buckling屈曲系数, Euler’s Equation欧拉方程6. Column 长细比,有效长度,临界荷载,偏心率Slenderness Ratio, Effective Length, Critical Load/Stress, Eccentricity RatioTension弹力, Compression压缩, Uniaxial/Axial Load单轴荷载7. Shaft杆, Rod长杆, Bar Inner/Outer Diameter内/外径Torsion扭转, Torque扭矩, TwistingRadial Distance辐射距离平面应变平面应力双向应力(单轴,三轴)应变能最大/小主应力8. Plane Strain, Plane Stress, Biaxial Stress (Uniaxial, Triaxial), Strain Energy, Major (Minor) Principal Stress Deformation变形, Displacement位移, Deflection偏向Stiffness, Rigidity刚度, Hardness硬度, Flexibility弹性, ComplianceDynamic Loading动力荷载, Cyclic/Fluctuating Loading脉冲荷载, Fatigue疲劳度Thermal Stress热应力/Strain/Deformation, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion热膨胀系数Factor of Safety安全系数, Safety FactorLimit State Design极限状态设计 (Ultimate Limit State极限状态, Serviceability Limit State正常使用极限状态), Probabilistic Design概率设计III. Structural Mechanics, Structural AnalysisRod, Shaft, Bar构件Beam, Girder1. Structural Element Column, PillarPlate, Shell, MembraneShear Wall, Shear Panel2. Truss构架, 3-hinge Arch, Rigid Frame刚性框架 (Joint节点, Pin-Joint, Hinge, Node)3. Statically Determinate静定, Statically Indeterminate超静定, Degree of Static Indeterminacy, N-fold Statically Indeterminate, Degree of Freedom自由度虚功原理 Virtual Displacement, (Matrix) Displacement Method, Stiffness Method4. Virtual Work Principle Virtual Force, (Matrix) Force Method, Flexibility MethodFinite Element MethodIV. Theory of Elasticity(Differential) Equilibrium Equation, Physical Equation, Compatibility/Geometrical EquationBoundary Conditions。
材料力学(1)

wA
M el 2 2EI
l
F
A
A
Fl 2 2EI
Fl3 wA 3EI
l
q
A
A
ql 3 6EI
wA
ql 4 8EI
l
简单模型---简支梁 表7-1—5,7,8
F
A
C
l
l
2
2
q
A C
B
A
Fl 2
16EI
Fl3
wC
杆支撑,许用应力为[]1=140MPa,试确定其直径。
解:
h
Wz
Iz ymax
bh3
12 h
bh2
b 2 h 3
h3
69
F
2
b
Fl
A
B
M max
Wz
22 h3
1m
t max
3 2
FQ A
3 2
FQ bh
F h 3b 2 Q b2
3106
40 103 b2
w = ∑wi
叠加原理
在材料服从胡克定律和小变形的条件 下,几个力共同作用引起梁的变形 ,等于 这几个力分别单独作用时引起梁的变形的 代数和。
三、方法 1.分解——每种情况都是简单模型; 2.分别计算——查表; 3.叠加。
简单模型--- 悬臂梁 表7-1—1,3,4
Me
A
A
M el EI
l
B
l 2
理论力学英文版Chapter 1

• Law of Inertia(惯性定律):A body in motion and free from external forces will keep moving at a constant speed and in a straight line. • A particle (质点):is a body whose size e forces acting on it. P3 • A rigid body(刚体) means a body does not deform under the action of forces. It is an ideal mechanical model. P4
Chapter 1 Review of Concepts in Mechanics Equilibrium(平衡)defines as a body at rest or P2 moving with constant velocity. Resultant(合力)is the sum of forces. Parallellogram Law (平行四边形法则) Vector(失量)Scalar (标量)Projection(投影) Principal of Virtual Work (虚功原理) P3 •Load(荷载) :the forces acting on a body. It includes concentrated load and distributed load.
Mechanical Model
Newton’s Laws of Motion
First Law: In the absence of applied forces, a particle originally at rest or moving with a constant speed in a straight line will remain at rest or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line. Second Law: If a particle is subjected to a force, the particle will be accelerated . The acceleration of the particle will be proportional to the magnitude of the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the particle. Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Or, the mutual forces exerted by particles on each other are always equal and oppositely directed.
理论力学 第一章 点的运动学

已知速度的投影求速度
大小
v v v v
2 x 2 y
2 z
方向由方向余弦确定
cosv , i v x v cosv , j v y v cosv , k v z v
THEORETICAL MECHANICS
山东大学 土建与水利学院工程力学系
THEORETICAL MECHANICS
山东大学 土建与水利学院工程力学系
§ 1.1点的运动矢量分析方法
加
速
度
t 瞬时: 速度 v(t) t+ t 瞬时:速度 v(t + t ) 或v
t 时间间隔内速度的改变量
v ( t ) = v ( t + t ) - v( t )
点在 t 瞬时的加速度
§ 1.2 点的运动的直角坐标法
加速度
a ax i a y j az k
dv x d 2 x ax 2 dt dt dv y d 2 y ay 2 dt dt dv z d 2 z az 2 dt dt
dv y dv x dv z d2 y d2x d2z a i j k 2 i 2 j 2 k dt dt dt dt dt dt
方 cosa, i a x a, 向 cosa, j a y a, 余 弦 cosa, k a z a
THEORETICAL MECHANICS
山东大学 土建与水利学院工程力学系
§1.3 点的运动的自然坐标法
在点的运动轨迹已知的情况下,可建立弧
坐标和自然轴系来描述该点的运动,这种方
点的切线所组成的 平面,称为P点的密 切面。
P P
lim a1 a
《连续介质力学(一)》课程教学大纲

二选教材:《弹性力学》程昌钧等高教出版社1999
《弹性力学》徐芝纶高教出版社1994(第三版)
参考书目:《弹性力学》吴家龙高教出版社2001
6.考核形式:1、开卷闭卷相结合2、笔试口试相结合3、考试与平时成绩相结合
7.教学环境:课堂
(三)长度和角度的变化;应变分量的坐标变换式;主应变和应变主方向;应变张量的不变量(6学时)
(四)变形协调条件;多连通域、位移周期性条件;有限变形简介;小结(6学时)
(五)热力学定律、应变能;Green公式;各向异性弹性材料的广义胡克定律;各向同性弹性材料的广义胡克定律;弹性常数及其测定;小结(6学时)
教学要求:
本课程是连续介质力学(二)的姐妹篇,在那里将系统介绍流体力学的基本理论。为提高学生自学能力,在本课程中将安排4~6小时课堂讨论。
课
程
内
容
及
学
时
分
配
课
程
内
容
及
学
时
分
配
(一)绪论;外力和内力;应力和应力张量;应力分量的坐标变换式(6学时)
(二)主应力和主方向;应力张量的不变量;最大剪应力;平衡微分方程和力的边界条件;小结。位移与变形;应变张量与转动张量(6学时)
课
程
教
学
目
的
及
要
求
教学目的:
本课程将系统介绍弹性力学的最基本的概念和理论,要求学生系统理解和掌握弹性力学的基本假设,建立弹性力学边值问题的三条主线:应力、应变、应力与应变关系等,基本概念及相关公式的推导方法,掌握弹性力学三类边值问题的正确提法并会灵活应用,掌握弹性力学基本原理的叙述、证明及应用,掌握平面弹性力学问题的基本假设及分类,能用应力函数表达平面问题的边值问题,掌握有关的求解方法。
常用物理英语词汇(全)

常用物理英语词汇(全)力学(Mechanics)1. Force(力)2. Acceleration(加速度)3. Momentum(动量)4. Kinetic Energy(动能)5. Potential Energy(势能)6. Gravity(重力)7. Friction(摩擦力)8. Torque(扭矩)9. Angular Momentum(角动量)10. Work(功)热学(Thermodynamics)11. Temperature(温度)12. Heat(热量)13. Internal Energy(内能)14. Entropy(熵)15. Boyle's Law(波义耳定律)16. Charles's Law(查理定律)17. GayLussac's Law(盖吕萨克定律)18. Ideal Gas Law(理想气体定律)19. First Law of Thermodynamics(热力学第一定律)20. Second Law of Thermodynamics(热力学第二定律)电磁学(Electromagnetism)21. Electric Charge(电荷)22. Electric Field(电场)23. Magnetic Field(磁场)24. Current(电流)25. Voltage(电压)26. Resistance(电阻)27. Capacitance(电容)28. Inductance(电感)29. Ohm's Law(欧姆定律)30. Ampère's Law(安培定律)光学(Optics)31. Light(光)32. Refraction(折射)33. Reflection(反射)34. Diffraction(衍射)35. Interference(干涉)36. Polarization(偏振)37. Lens(透镜)38. Prism(棱镜)39. Spectrum(光谱)40. Wave Optics(波动光学)现代物理(Modern Physics)41. Quantum Mechanics(量子力学)42. Relativity(相对论)43. Photon(光子)44. Electron(电子)45. Proton(质子)46. Neutron(中子)47. Quark(夸克)48. Black Hole(黑洞)49. Higgs Boson(希格斯玻色子)50. String Theory(弦理论)这些词汇仅为物理学中常用术语的一小部分。
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18
Pretorque
20 Ncm for abutments:
188,3 N connecting force implant/abutment
187,2 N abutment/screw
10 Ncm for occlusal screw:
Octagon for abutment position
Support ring Base screw
STRAUMANN
精品课件
4
Straumann® synOcta abutments
Second Morse Taper 15°
STRAUMANN
精品课件
5
Characteristics of Morse Taper
1,00
1,00
0,75
0,75
0,50
0,50
0,25
0,25
0,22 0,47 0,70 0,87
The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry,
Vol.13 5 93
STRAUMANN
精品课
M determines the
pretension
精品课件
6
Cyclic testing at Straumann
Unit immersed in Ringer solution during test
2 mio. cycles
Simulated bone resorpion of 2,0 mm
Tightening torque M, 35 Ncm
Friction µ
A function of cone angle, friction, radii, type of thread
M = Mc + Mt
Mc = torque in cone (91%) Mt = torque in thread (9%)
8° Morse Taper
8° or less angle will
yield a mechanically
locking, friction fit
The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry,
Vol.13 5 93
Mechanics
Implant-to-abutment connection
Morse Taper
STRAUMANN
精品课件
2
Morse Taper / Straumann® synOcta
STRAUMANN
精品课件
3
Straumann® synOcta abutments
Abutment body
9
Reduction of gap due to 45° shoulder
7,07 µm 10,0 µm
The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, Vol.13 5
93
STRAUMANN
精品课件
10
Non-rotation through mechanical lock
STRAUMANN
精品课件
16
Take-home message
▪ Proven validity and function since 1986 ▪ Stability against rotational loosening due
to friction fit: loosening torque is higher
STRAUMANN
精品课件
Less than 10 µm Takes no functional load
11
The Finite Element Method (FEM)
Coarse mesh in uncritical areas Fine mesh in critical areas
STRAUMANN
精品课件
17
Pretorque Interfaces
Prosthetic coping/ prosthetic retaining
screw interface
Prosthetic coping/ abutment interface
Abutment screw/
prosthetic retaining
Technovit
STRAUMANN
精品课件
7
Cyclic testing at Straumann
Implant testing
Abutment testing
STRAUMANN
精品课件
8
Removal torque
Tightening torque (Nm) Tightening torque (Nm)
精品课件
12
Load step 1: Tightening at 35 Ncm
STRAUMANN
精品课件
13
Load step 2: Load from 0°
STRAUMANN
精品课件
14
Load step 3: Load from 15°
STRAUMANN
精品课件
15
Load step 4: Load from 30°
Abutment screw/ implant fixture
interface
Pretorque Sakaguchi & Bogersen 1993 STRAUMANN
精品课件
Components
Prosthetic retaining scre Prosthetic coping Abutment Abutment screw
Dental implant
screw interface
consists of
Abutment/
five components
implant
that are united
fixture
and form six
interface
interfaces
Abutment screw/
abutment interface
than tightening torque
▪ Resistance against long-term cyclic loading: force distribution on large surface
▪ Standardized tightening torque 35 Ncm
STRAUMANN