个人主义与集体主义的不同

Differences
• Individualism takes the interests of every individual as the most important. It stresses that everyone was born equal and has its unique value. • Collectivism puts its emphasis on the strength of the collective. It holds that the interests of every individual depends on that of the collective.
Part B: Individualism VS Collectivism
Hale Waihona Puke Definition of Individualism and Collectivism
• Individualism : Individualism refers to the doctrine （教条，教义，声明） that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society . • Collectivism : Collectivism is a term used to describe any moral , political , or social outlook , that stresses human interdependence and the importance of a collective , rather than the importance of separate individuals
• Collective interests are in the first place . Maintain , care and develop personal interests in the case of ensuring collective fundamental interests . When the individual and collective interests come into conflicts，Subordinate individual interests to the interests of the collective . It is necessary to sacrifice some personal interests to safeguard the interests of the collective .
Another example
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We can see the differences of individualism and collectivism from the soldier. • For an American soldier, it is natural and understandable to yield when he fights to the bitter end and has no bullet. • But for a Chinese soldier, to lay down his arms and surrender seems more disgraced than to die.
• In culture where the individual is a unit of society ,a single person can earn credit or blame for the outcome of an organizational project . In culture where the collective is important ,credit or blame goes to a group. • In India , friendship means a willingness to be indebted . No words are necessary . Nor does one hesitate to request a favor of a friend ; that’s what friendship means. In a culture that values individual achievement , independence ,and control over events by personal action ,a request that puts someone in another’s debt is almost an admission of failure.
Focus
• Individualists focus on the pursuit of personal achievements . • Collectivists focus on community and society , and seek to give priority to group goals over individual goals .
• Collective spirit plays a great role in some games.
But in NBA , great players often play a decisive role in the game .
Individualist Culture PK Collectivist Culture • As the mainstream values of Eastern and Western cultures, Collectivism and individualism has been in opposite trend for a long time . • Individualism and collectivism is the key to understand the differences of eastern and western culture .
• Take the Wenchuan earthquake for example , the earthquake tells us that unity is strength. It is the collective spirit of the people relief disaster that we can quell(平息） this disaster.
The major differences between individualism and collectivism
Part A： The abstract of text B
• The title of text B:The Basic Unit of Society：The Individual or the Collective？ • From the Japanese proverb“The nail that sticks up will be pounded down”，we can learn that in Japan an individual is a fraction of a unit ， the group is the fundamental unit . • Individualism in Japan is tantamount（相等的，相当的） to selfishness . It is the opposite of self-denial for the good of the group ,which is highly valued in Japan. • Individuals in Western cultures make career choices on the basis of personal needs and goals . However ,none of these situations is reason for a move in Japan.
Different Opinions on marriage
Americans believe that marriage is a very private thing and once two people fall in love with each other they will try to overcome difficulties to pursue the true love. Parents have no rights to decide their children’s marriage partner and it’s all upon their children. And children also don’t interfere into their parents’ marriage. So it’s common to see: “He is my mother’s boyfriend”.
The differences can be seen in several aspects
Taking China and America for example: • Idioms and phrases • Marriage • Family • Education • Daily life • Traditional festivals
Specify
• Individualism is an ideological and theoretical point of view towards society and others with the individual as the center , it appears as a form of egoism(自我主义） , liberalism and anarchism（无 政府主义） • Person should be independent , have the right to make their own decisions and the right to interfere in others ; men are created equally; person has the highest value ; Personal interests, values , wills, aspirations and demands are supreme