名词形容词副词动词及动词词组
语法知识(词性)
语法知识之词类划分实词名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词虚词副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词、拟声词实词名词一表示人或事物等表示人或事物：学生、教师、教室、书本表示时间：早晨、明天、夏季表示方位：东、西、左、右（普通名词、专有名词、集合名词、抽象名词）语法特征1、常做主语、宾语和定语2、能加数量词不能加副词3、不能用重叠式表示某种共同的语法意义4、有的名词能够加“们”表示群体实词表示动作、行为：唱、笑、支持、保卫 发展、扩大、提高喜欢、希望、热爱有、出现、消失表示可能、意愿:能、会表示趋向：来、进来表示判断：是、就是语法特征1、能做谓语或谓语中心，多数能带宾语2、能加副词“不。
只有心理活动的动词和一些能愿动词能加程度副词3、多数可以后带“着、了、过”等表动态4、部分动词可以重叠，表示短暂,限于可持续的动作的词语。
实词形容词一表示性质、状态表示事物状态：明媚、娴静、激动、快表示事物性质：甜、伟大、诚实、好表示事物形状：高、圆、直、弯表不定数量：多、少、全、许多、好些语法特征1、能做谓语或谓语中心语和定语，多数能直接修饰名词2、性质形容词大多能受程度副词修饰3、形容词不能带宾语4、小部分性质形容词可以重叠5、小部分单音性质形容词可带上叠音词缀或其他词缀实词动词 表示动作、行为、心理活动或存在、变化、消失等 表示使令:使、 请、允许、 鼓励 表示发展变化 表示心理活动表示存在消失（能愿动词） （趋向动词）数词一表示数目和次序表示确数：二、二分之一、万表示概数：几、许多、三四十表示序数：第一、初二、老大语法特征1、常跟量词构成数量短语2、数量短语常作定语或补语、状语3、一些数词有固定用法实词量词一表示计算单位（单位词）物量词：尺、斤、朵动量词：阵、顿、趟复合量词：秒立方米、人次、架艘次语法特征1、常出现在数词后边，组成数量短语2、部分单音节量词可以重复，组成“BB”式实词代词一一有代替、指示作用人称代词：我、你、她、大家、自己疑问代词：谁、什么、多少、怎么指示代词：这、那、这样语法特征：（1）可以分为“三身代词”和“非三身代词”（2）近指与远指（指示代词）（3）任指与虚指（疑问代词）虚词副词一用来修饰动词或形容词，表示时间、范围、程度、肯定、否定、语气等表示时间、频率：已经、马上、常常、再三表示程度：很、极其、最、稍微表示范围：都、总、仅仅表示重复：连续、再、也表示语气：可、却、倒、难道表示肯定、否定：可能、不、必定、也许（1）只与动词、形容词组合（2）多数不能单独回答问题（3）一部分副词有关联作用。
词性与句子成分
一．10大词类：名形动副代，数连叹冠介名词、形容词、动词、副词、代词、数词、连词、叹词、冠词、介词Jim good eat slowly you one and aha a in milk bad sleep quickly we ten but wow an on books happy go happily she fifth or oh the at二．7大成分：主谓宾定状补表主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语充名词实意动词名词形容词副词各种词名词当代词动词系动词代词（动）名词介词短语形容词该情态动词两种分词成后置分定语的词类（注：分析句子成分就是说出“xx词作xx语”）三．句子成分分析举例例1：I drink water . “我喝水”代词动词名词作主语作谓语作宾语（主在谓前，谓在宾前）例2：Mum look happy . “妈妈看起来很开心”名词系动词形容词作主语作谓语作表语（系在表前）例3：①good boy “好孩子”形容词名词作定语②beautiful girl “漂亮女孩”形容词名词作定语（定在名前）例4：:the man under the tree “树下的男人”名词介词短语作后置定语（名词后面是后定）例5：①pass the ball quickly “快速地传球”动词词组副词②jump happily “高兴得跳了起来”动词副词（副词修饰是动词）例6：I sometimes go shopping .(副词)作状语Sometimes I go shopping .I go shopping sometimes . （状语位置不固定）。
最新英语之中名词、代词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词
（一）1、名词名词(Nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
名词可以独立成句。
在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
3、动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。
基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类。
4、形容词形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。
主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。
冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。
其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。
7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。
（二）1、名词，人或事物的名称3、代词，代替名词或者数词（比如some就是代替数目）3、动词，动作或状态4、数词，表示数目或顺序（比如序数词，5th就是表示顺序）5、形容词，人或事物的性质或状态（因为形容词一般修饰名词）6、副词，动作的特征或性状特征（因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词）7、冠词，表示名词的泛指或特指8、介词，表示名词或代词与其他词的关系（因为介词后面一半紧跟名词，代词或其他名词性结构）9、连词，连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子10、感叹词，表示说话时的感情或语气（三）1、adj. / a. 形容词用来描述一类物质的性质,状态,外貌,或人的性格特点,性质,品格如:big,happy2、adv. / ad. 副词用来修饰动作或形容词,一般在句子中做状语用表示动作的进行怎样,或表示程度,特点,如:clearly,happily3、prep. 介词连接地点,时间的一类词语,可以表示方位,时间.跟一些表示时间,地点的词连用表示介词词组如:in,to,on,under4、conj. 连词用来连接时间,地点,原因,结果的一类词语如:when,beacuse,so5、num. 数词表示数字的词,既可以是基数词,也可以是序数词如:one,two,first6、int. 感叹词表示感叹的一类词,一般不加一解释,只代表感叹如:what,how,haurray7、vt. 及物动词（后面要加宾语）行为动作的词如:do,finish,play8、vi. 不及物动词（后面不加宾语）表示行为动作的词如:appear9、n. 名词表示物体,物质的词如:pig,cow,man10、pron. 代词代指一类人,事或物的词如:he,she,hers,his,things11、art = 冠词，article的缩写（四）在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类：1．名词：表示人、物或地方等，如：John，teacher；table，pen；London；beauty．2．代词：用来代替名词，以避免重复某个名词，如：I，you，it，that，those，them．3．形容词：用来修饰或限制某个（些）名词，如：good（man），white （paper），every（book），much（water），（John is）hon－est，（He seems）lazy．被修饰或限制的名词，叫做主体词（head-word）。
英语词性及用法五种基本句型
英语词性及其用法一、英语的词性大约有10种，名词n.副词adv.介词prep，代词pron，数词num，动词v，形容词adj，冠词art，连词conj，感叹词interj，及物动词vt，不及物动词vi，助动词vaux，缩写a bbr，动词不定式inf.，单数sing，复数pl，情态动词aux. modal v.。
二、名词及其用法n. 常见后缀–ness, -tion, -sion, -ce,名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
1、用在谓语前做主语。
2、用在谓语后做宾语; be,become 等后做表语。
3、a/an/the 或物主代词、名词所有格+名词；some，any+不可数名词4、形容词/定冠词/不定冠词都是用来修饰名词的：结构：形+名5、数词结构：数+名冠词结构：冠+名三、动词（v.)：1.be动词后+形容词(adj.)，例，she is shy. (她很害羞）还有的是It(形式主语)+be动词+形容词（+for sb）+to do sth2.一般的动词后面+副词(adv.)，例，she plays basketball happily（她高兴地打篮球）结构：动+副3.系动词+形容词/名词(数词等)，常见的系动词有be, become, seem(好像）look, feel(感觉）make(使……）smell（闻起来）taste(尝起来）等。
词性,形容词和副词
英语词性的分类、用法及练习词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。
1 名词 noun n. student 学生2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的4 副词 adverb adv. Quickly 迅速地5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割6 数词 numeral num. three 三7 介词 preposition prep. At 在...8 连词 conjunction conj. and 和9 冠词 article art. a 一个10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。
词的用法1.名词可作主语、宾语，有时也可作定语2. 动词，可用作谓语，不定式to do等3. 形容词可作定语修饰名词，也可单独使用，作表语。
4. 副词可单独使用，也可以修饰动词和形容词。
5. 代词可作主语，也可作宾语或者表语6. 介词可与动词构成词组，也可以与名词构成介词短语，作表语、状语等。
7. 数词作定语与名词共用，或者构成时间。
8. 连词，顾名思义，连接两个句子，并能表示两个句子之间的关系9. 冠词，加在名词前面，表示限定（the）和数量(a/an)。
10. 感叹词用于表达一种惊奇，生气，喜悦等感情练习，写出括号中词的相应正确形式1.Would you mind making a little less _____? They are having a meeting at the moment. (noisy)2.The Smiths live on the __________ floor of the highrise. (nine)3. All the great __________ are respected（尊敬）by the world. (invent)4. I’ll do my homework more __________ next time. (care)5. When you study a foreign language, itis important to make a good _________. (begin)6 . In the past punishmentwas decided by the university. The student had no ___________ but to accept it. (choose)8. The __________ Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it by heart.(twelve)9. They looked very _____ in the idea. (interest)10. After they got on the bus, they found two _______. (sit)11 Help __________ to the fish, everyone. (you)12 . What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to get _____ informatio n about it. (far)13. He seemed very _________. He got a D in the English test. (happy)14. Before you start this work, you should try to realize its _________. (important)15 . March 8 is _________ Day. (woman)16. This book belongs to you. Where is _____? (me)17. The visitors are ________ students. (main)18 Do you know about the ___ of the book? (write)19. Can you show me your ___ of coins? (collect)20. To my ________, I got full marks for maths last week. (surprised)21. In this new housing estate there stand a lot of high _________. (build)22. In winter, most of the rivers and lakes are _________. It becomes a world of ice.(freeze)23. Then he slowly walked _____ the house. (pass)24. Do you know who is the __________ of the English contest? (win)25. Peter is very ______. I’m sure he will come to take care of your baby when he’s asked to. (help)26. The Yangtze River is the _________ longest river in the world. (three) 27. __________ to meet all of you here. (please)28. Now more and more gardens are being built in our __________. (neighbour)29. It’s very important for us to learn English __________. (good)30. Both our teacher and my mother are satisfied with my ___________. (honest)31. Oliver Twist ate the cake ___________. (hungry)32. Of all the boys, Li Ming studies ______. (hard)33. We are all pleased to hear that the _________ went on very well. ( operate)34. The children in this kindergarten have been trained to take care of _________ though they are only six years old. (they)35. Could you tell me who will give us a ___________ on children’s education? (speak)36. This cartoon film is _________ than the one I saw last Saturday. (fun)37. The twin sisters used to be __________ in Hollywood. (act)38. Actions speak more _____ than words. (loud)39. I am _______ about my schoolwork because I haven't worked hard this term. (worry)40. Your pet dog is so __________ that all of us like to play with it. (love)40. Your pet dog is so __________ that all of us like to play with it. (love)41. It has been snowing ___ for a whole day. (heavy)42. We have been told the ______ of the case. (true)43. Have you made your ________ yet? (decide)44. People from Italy are called ___________. (Italy)45. I _________ where he comes from. (wonderful)46. The weather in April is _________, so you’d better take more clothes with you. (change)47. Ferries come and go on the river as ___________ as boats. (quick)48. Listen, everybody, we will meet at the ________ of the cinema at 4 pm. (enter)49. You cannot eat so much fast food, because it is ___________. (health)50. It is reported that three __________ have been put into prison. (Canada)。
(中学)英语句子成分详解汇总
（中学）英语句子成分详解汇总英语句子基本的原则，是名词周围可以有一切形容词性的东西，动词周围可以有一切副词性的东西，及物动词和介词后面可以跟一切名词性的东西。
一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成——主语和谓语句子主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语；句子修饰成分：同位语、定语、状语、补语英语句子基本形式：(状语)，主语（定语/同位语/插入语）+谓语（时态、语态、单复数）+宾语/表语（定语/同位语/状语）充当句子成分的词类：名词(短语)、代词、动词(词组)、形容词(短语)、副词(短语)、介词短语、非谓语结构、从句每个部分细分如下：主语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即主语从句）谓语：动词宾语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即宾语从句）表语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即表语从句）、形容词、介词同位语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即同位语从句）定语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即定语从句）、形容词、介词状语：副词、介词、非谓语动词、从句(即状语从句）一、主语主语：动作发出者。
是句子主体，表明这句话要描述的是什么I am a teacherChinese is hard充当主语的词语：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、句子Helping you learn English well is my task•凡是名词都可以做主语•不管是基数词还是序数词都可以作主语•动词不定式和动词不定式短语可以作主语•动名词和动名词短语可以作主语•句子可以作主语，作主语的句子我们叫主语从句•其他：有些词语看起来不是名词，但是具有名词的含义（the old）1. 主语不能缺失中文中句子没有主语翻译成英文解决办法(1). it作主语It is hot outside 外面很热；It keeps raining 雨一直下(2). 使用there be句型注：使用there be 句型前提不是非要表示某处有某物，不能出现两个动词。
英语名词冠词代词副词动词等分类及用法
1. 名词路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索- 百度文库名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： _______________________________________| |专有名词 | || 名 | | 个体名词 | || | | | 可数名词|| | | 集体名词 | || |普通名词 | | || 词 | | 物质名词 | || | | | 不可数名词|| | | 抽象名词 | |2. 冠词和数词2.1 不定冠词的用法冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。
a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。
考研英语词组(名词性、形容词性和副词性词组)
Practice
A 4、when Anna phoned me I had just finished my work and to take a bath. A was starting B have started C starting D will start
Practice
C 5、there A is
willbe doing will havedone will havebeendoing
过去将来 woulddo wouldbedoing wouldhavedone wouldhavebeendoing
谓语动词
时态
状态：完成
I hadnotlearntanyknowledgeofgrammarbeforeI took CET-6. 在考六级以前，我从来没学过任何语法知识。
过去完成时
② 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中，表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作 的用法，一般主句中使用了realize, know, think, suppose, guess, find, discover, remember, forget等动词的一般过去式，如果宾语从句中的动作 先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时。
将来完成时
表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作或状态。
形式： wil/shall + have+ 动词的过去分词 ① I shall have done it by next week. 我将在下周之前完成这件事。 ② I shall have completed my report by Friday. 我将在周五前完成我的报告。 ③ The snow will have disappeared before the end of February. 在二月底前雪就会完全消失的。
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2014年名词、形容词副词、动词及动词词组名词1.(2014安徽卷)29．— Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? — That's a good______.A. sayingB. questionC. suggestionD. account2.(2014福建卷)26. —Could you tell me the______ of making such tasty cakes? — Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick3.(2014湖北卷)21. Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique4.(2014湖北卷)22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.A. commandB. comparisonC. complimentD. contribution5.(2014江苏卷)27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ______ in last year's election.A. symbolB. portraitC. identityD. statue6.(2014天津卷)3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ______ of power.A. sourceB. senseC. resultD. root7.(2014浙江卷)6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.A. attemptsB. requestsC. doubtsD. promises形容词和副词1(2014安徽卷)33．It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ______,supply more jobs.A. howeverB. anywhereC. thereforeD. otherwise2(2014福建卷)24. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) ______ way of reaching target customers.A. temporaryB. complexC. accurateD. efficient3(2014湖北卷)27. What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious4(2014湖北卷)28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.A. cautiousB. gratefulC. tolerantD. wild5(2014湖北卷) 29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply6(2014江苏卷)28. 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