格式输出函数Format
格式化输入输出函数(Formattedinputoutputfunction)

格式化输入输出函数(Formatted input output function)1.1.1 formatted input output functionThe Turbo C2.0 standard library provides two console formats, input and output functions, printf (), andScanf () these two functions can read and write data in a variety of formats on a standard input / output device.The printf () function is used to write data to a standard output device (screen); the scanf () function is used to enter data from a standard inputRead data on device (keyboard). The use of these two functions is described in detail below.1. Printf () functionThe printf () function is a formatted output function that is typically output to standard output devices in a specified formatInformation. This is often used when writing programs. The call format of the printf () function is:Printf (< formatted string >, < parameter table >);The formatted string consists of two parts: one is the normal character, the other is the original characterAnother part is formatting the required characters, beginningwith '%', followed by one or more specified characters,Used to determine the format of the output content.A parameter table is a series of parameters that need to be output, and the number must be the output specified by the formatted stringA number of parameters, among the parameters "," separate and sequential correspondence, otherwise there will be unexpectedErrors that cannot be reached.1. formatting specificationsThe formatting specifications provided by Turbo C2.0 are as follows:Thought of thought - thought of thoughtSymbolic action- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -%d decimal signed integer%u decimal unsigned integer%f floating point numbers%s string%c single characterThe value of the%p pointerFloating point numbers in the%e exponent%x,%X unsigned integer represented by sixteen decimal%0 unsigned integer represented by octal notationThe%g automatically selects the appropriate representationThought of thought - thought of thoughtExplain:(1) you can insert numbers between "%" and "letters" to represent the maximum field width.For example:%3d means output 3 bit integers, not 3 bit, right justified.%9.2f represents the floating-point number of the output field width of 9, in which the decimal digit is 2 and the integer bit is 6,The decimal point is one, not 9, right justified.%8s stands for a string of 8 characters, not 8 characters, right justified.If the length or integer number of the string exceeds the indicated field width, it will be output at its actual length.But for floating point numbers, if the integer bits exceed the indicated integer bit width, they are output by actual integer;If the decimal portion exceeds the indicated decimal width, the output is output from four to five at the width of the description.In addition, if you want to add some 0 before the output value, you should add a 0 before the width of the event.For example:%04d means that when you output a value less than 4 bits, you will fill 0 in front to make the total widthFor 4.If floating-point numbers are used to represent the character or integer output format, the digits after the decimal point represent the maximum width,The number before the decimal point represents the minimum width.For example,%6.9s means a string that is no longer than 6 and not greater than 9. If greater than 9, thenAfter ninth characters, the contents will be deleted.(2) you can add a lowercase letter L between `% 'and' letter ', which means that the output is long.For example:%ld means output long integers%lf means output double floating point numbers(3) you can control the output left aligned or right aligned,i.e., add a "-" number between "%" and "letter"Indicates that the output is left justified, otherwise right justified.For example:%-7d means output 7 bit integers left justified%-10s stands for output, 10 characters left justified2. some special charactersThought of thought - thought of thoughtCharacter action- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n line feed\f screen and paging\r carriage return\t Tab symbol\xhh means that a ASCII code is represented by 16 inputs,Among them, HH is 1 to 2 16 hexadecimal numbersThought of thought - thought of thoughtThe printf () function learned in this section, and the data types learned in the previous section, prepare the following procedureOrder to deepen understanding of the Turbo C2.0 data type.In 1 cases#include#includeInt, main (){Char, C, s[20], *p;Int, a=1234, *i;Float f=3.141592653589;Double x=0.12345678987654321;P= "How do you do"";Strcpy (s, Hello, Comrade);*i=12;C='\x41';Printf (a=%d\n, a); / * output decimal integer a=1234*/ Printf (a=%6d\n, a); / * the output 6 decimal number a= 1234*/ Printf (a=%06d\n, a); / * the output 6 decimal number a=001234*/Printf ("a=%2d\n", "a"); /*a more than 2 bits, output a=1234*/ at actual valuePrintf (*i=%4d\n, *i); / * output 4 decimal integer *i= 12*/Printf (*i=%-4d\n, *i); / * output left aligned 4 decimal integer *i=12*/Printf (i=%p\n, I); / * i=06E4*/ output.Printf (f=%f\n, f); / * output floating-point numberf=3.141593*/Printf (f=6.4f\n, f); / * output 6 the decimal floating-point number 4F=3.1416*/Printf (x=%lf\n, x); / * output long floating pointx=0.123457*/Printf (x=%18.16lf\n, x); / * output 18 the 16 decimal floating-point longNumber x=0.1234567898765432*/Printf (c=%c\n, c); / * output character c=A*/Printf (c=%x\n, c); / * c=41*/ the output character of the ASCII code valuePrintf (s[]=%s\n, s); / * output string array s[]=Hello, Comrade*/Printf (s[]=%6.9s\n, s); / * s[]=Hello string output of up to 9 characters,Co*/Printf (s=%p\n, s); / * the first character string array output address s=FFBE*/Printf (*p=%s\n, P); / * p=How do you do*/ output string pointerPrintf (p=%p\n, P); / * pointer output value p=0194*/Getch ();Retunr 0;}The address values in the above results may differ on different computers.In example 1., the first statement "#include" means to call another file, stdio.h, thisIs a header file that includes data type definitions and function descriptions for all standard input and output library functions.Turbo C2.0 defines and explains the variables and function types that each library function usesIn the header file "*.h", users must use #include<*.h> or #include "* H" when using these functions"The statement calls the appropriate header file for the connection. If this statement is not used, the connection will go wrongError.Two, scanf () functionThe scanf () function is a formatted input function that reads input information from a standard input device (keyboard).Its call format is:Scanf (< formatted string >, < address table >);A formatted string consists of the following three different characters;1.: format specifier format specifier and printf () function in the same format specifier.2. blank characters: blank character will make scanf (omitted) function in the read operation input in one or moreBlank character.3. non white space characters: a non blank character will make the scanf () function tick off when readThe same character as a blank character.The address table is the address of all variables that need to be read, not the variables themselves. This is associated with the printf () functionIt's quite different. Pay special attention to it. The addresses of each variable are separated from "" "" "" "" "" "".Cases of 2:{Int, I, j;Printf ("I, j=, \n");Scanf ("%d", "%d", "&i", "&j");}In this example, the scanf () function to read an integer, then the next input comma out of theThen read into another integer. If this particular character is not found, the scanf () function terminates. ifThe spaces between arguments are spaces, and one or more spaces must be entered between the arguments.Explain:(1) for strings, arrays, or string pointer variables, because the array name and pointer variable name itselfIs the address, so when you use the scanf () function, you don't need to add the '&' operator in front of them.In 3 cases{Char, *p, str[20];Scanf (%s, P); / * * / from the keyboard input stringScanf ("%s", STR);Printf (%s\n, P); / * * / string output to the screenPrintf ("%s\n", STR);}(2) you can add an integer between the "%" formatting specifications in the formatted stringThe maximum number of bits in any read operation.For example 3, if you can only enter 10 characters for string pointer P, then the first scanf () function statementForScanf ("%10s", P);When the program is running, once the number of characters is greater than 10, the P is no longer read in, while the latter one readsThe entry function, that is, scanf ("%s", "STR"), is read from the Eleventh character.There is a problem with the actual use of the scanf () function, as illustrated below:When multiple scanf () functions are used to continuously enter multiple character variables, for example:(main){Char, C1, c2;Scanf ("%c", &c1);Scanf ("%c", &c2);Printf (C1, is,%c, C2, is,%c, c2\1, C2);}Run the program, enter a character A, enter (to complete the input must return), in the implementation of scanfWhen ("%c", "&c1"), assign "A" to the variable C1, but the carriage return remains in the buffer and executes the input statementWhen scanf ("%c", "&c2"), the variable C2 output is a blank line. If you enter AB and then enter, then the output nodeThe results are: C1, is, A, C2, is, B.To solve the above problem, you can add the clearing function fflush () to the input functionThe method will be described at the end of this section. Modify the above program to become:#include(main){Char, C1, c2;Scanf ("%c", &c1);Fflush (stdin);Scanf ("%c", &c2);Printf (C1, is,%c, C2, is,%c, C1, C2);}1.1.2 non formatted input output functionThe non formatted input output function can be replaced by the Standard formatted input output function described above, butThese functions are less compiled and relatively small in memory, thus increasing the speed and using them at the same timeConvenient. The following are described separately.1. Puts () and gets () functions1. puts () functionThe puts () function is used to write strings to the standard output device (screen) and to wrap them:Puts (s);Where s is a string variable (string, array name, or string pointer).The function of the puts () function is the same as the language printf ("%s\n", "s").Cases of 4:(main){Char s[20], *f; / * string array and pointer variables.Strcpy (s, "Hello Turbo C2.0!"); / * * / string array variable assignmentF= "Thank you"; / * * / string pointer variable assignmentPuts (s);Puts (f);}Explain:(1) the puts () function can only output strings, cannot output values, or format transformations.(2) you can write strings directly to the puts () function. Such as:Puts ("Hello, Turbo, C2.0");2. gets () functionThe gets () function is used to read strings from the standard input device (keyboard) until the carriage returns, but carriage returnsDoes not belong to this string. Its call format is:Gets (s);Where s is a string variable (string, array name, or string pointer).The gets (s) function is similar to scanf ("%s", "&s"), but not exactly the same, using scanf ("%s", "&s")When a function enters a string, there is a problem that if the space is entered, the input string is considered to be over,The character after the space will be processed as the next entry, but the gets () function will accept the entire input characterString until carriage returns.In 5 cases(main){Char, s[20], *f;Printf ("What's, your, name, \n");Gets (s); / * * / wait until enter the end of the input stringPuts (s); / * * / the input string outputPuts ("How, old, are, you,...");Gets (f); Puts (f); }。
c++中的format函数

c++中的format函数【原创版】目录1.C++中的 format 函数简介2.format 函数的基本语法3.format 函数中的格式控制符4.format 函数的示例正文C++中的 format 函数是一种用于格式化输出的函数,它可以让你在输出时方便地插入各种类型的数据。
format 函数是 C++标准库中的一部分,它使得程序员在编写程序时更加方便和高效。
format 函数的基本语法如下:```cpp#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;int main() {int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;cout << "The sum of a and b is " << sum(a, b) << endl;return 0;}```在这个例子中,我们使用 format 函数来输出变量 a 和 b 的和。
在 format 函数中,我们可以使用格式控制符来指定要插入的数据的类型。
例如,"%d"表示整数,"%f"表示浮点数,"%s"表示字符串等等。
下面是一个更加复杂的 format 函数示例,它展示了如何在输出中插入不同类型的数据:```cpp#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;int main() {int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;double d = 45.5;string e = "Hello, world!";cout << "The sum of a and b is " << sum(a, b) << ", and the product of a and b is " << product(a, b) << endl;cout << "The square root of d is " << sqrt(d) << ", and the length of e is " << e.length() << endl;return 0;}```在这个例子中,我们使用 format 函数来输出整数、浮点数和字符串。
python中format用法(一)

python中format用法(一)python中format用法详解什么是format函数?在Python中,format函数是用来对字符串进行格式化输出的方法。
通过format函数,我们可以在字符串中插入变量,指定输出的格式,并对字符串进行对齐、填充等操作。
基本用法1.插入变量使用花括号{}来表示需要插入变量的位置,在花括号内可以使用变量名或索引。
例如:name = "Alice"age = 20print("My name is {}, and I am {} years old.".forma t(name, age))运行结果为:“My name is Alice, and I am 20 years old.”2.指定输出格式在插入变量的位置加上冒号(:),后面跟上格式字符串可以对变量进行格式化输出。
常见的格式化符号包括%d(整数)、%f(浮点数)、%s(字符串)等。
例如:score =print("My score is {:.1f}%.".format(score))运行结果为:“My score is %.”3.位置参数使用数字来指定变量的位置,从0开始计数。
例如:name = "Alice"age = 20print("My name is {0}, and I am {1} years old.".for mat(name, age))运行结果同第1条示例。
4.关键字参数使用变量名来指定变量的位置,可以不按照顺序传入参数。
例如:name = "Alice"age = 20print("My name is {name}, and I am {age} years old.".format(name=name, age=age))运行结果同第1条示例。
教学课件2-14 格式输出函数

显示星期全名( Sunday ~ Saturday ) h
显示完整日期(日、月、年)缺省格式为mm/dd/yy
w
ww
星期为数字(1~7,1是星期日)
一年中的星期数(1~53)
m
mm
在h后显示分(00~59),个位前加0
2
格式符 m mm mmm mmmm y
Format格式输出函数说明
强迫以小写显示
>
@ &
强迫以大写显示
实际字符位数小于符号位数 时,字符前加空格 实际字符位数小于符号位数 时,字符前不加空格
"Hello"
"ABC" "ABC"
">"
"@@@@@" "&&&&&"
"HELLO"
" ABC" "ABC"
2
【示例】
Format格式输出函数说明
Format("HELLO","<")
2
格式 符 0
# . , % $ + –
Format格式输出函数说明
数值格式化
数值格式化是将数值表达式的值按“格式字符串”指定的格式输出。
作 用 数值表达式
1234.567 1234.567 1234.567 1234.567
格式化字符串
"00000.0000" "000.00" "#####.####" "###.##"
mfc中format函数

mfc中format函数(原创版)目录1.MFC 中 Format 函数的概述2.Format 函数的基本语法3.Format 函数的使用示例4.Format 函数的优点和局限性正文一、MFC 中 Format 函数的概述在 MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class)库中,Format 函数是一个用于格式化输出的函数。
它可以方便地对输出文本进行格式化,如设置文字颜色、字体、大小等属性。
Format 函数在 MFC 的应用程序中被广泛使用,特别是在编写控制台程序和 Windows 桌面应用程序时。
二、Format 函数的基本语法Format 函数的基本语法如下:```cppvoid Format(_In_ HDC hdc, _In_opt_ HFONT hFont, _In_ int nSize, _In_ RECT rc, _In_ const char* fmt,...);```参数说明:- `hdc`:设备描述符句柄,用于指定输出设备。
- `hFont`:字体句柄,用于指定输出字体。
如果此参数为 NULL,则使用默认字体。
- `nSize`:输出文本的大小,以逻辑单位为单位。
- `rc`:输出文本的矩形区域,用于指定输出文本的位置和大小。
- `fmt`:格式化字符串,用于指定输出文本的内容和格式。
- `...`:可变参数列表,用于存放格式化字符串中占位符的值。
三、Format 函数的使用示例下面是一个使用 Format 函数的简单示例:```cpp#include <afx.h>#include <iostream>int main(){HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);HFONT hFont = CreateFont(12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);int nSize = 12;RECT rc = {0, 0, 300, 200};Format(hdc, hFont, nSize, rc, "Hello, %s!", "World");DeleteObject(hFont);ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc);return 0;}```四、Format 函数的优点和局限性Format 函数的优点:1.使用方便,可以快速地对输出文本进行格式化。
format函数的简单应用

format函数的简单应用在Python编程中,format函数是一种非常实用的函数,它可以将变量或者其他数据类型转换为字符串,并且可以根据一定的格式进行输出。
在本文中,我们将介绍format函数的一些简单应用,以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这个函数。
让我们来看一个简单的例子。
假设我们有一个字符串变量name,它的值是"小明",现在我们想要将这个值插入到另一个字符串中,并输出结果。
我们可以使用format函数来实现这个需求,代码如下:```pythonname = "小明"output = "你好,{}!欢迎来到Python的世界。
".format(name) print(output)```运行以上代码,输出结果为:```你好,小明!欢迎来到Python的世界。
```在这个例子中,我们使用了大括号{}来表示需要插入变量的位置,然后在format函数中传入了name变量,这样name的值就会被插入到大括号的位置,从而得到最终的输出结果。
除了简单地插入变量,format函数还可以指定变量的格式。
例如,我们可以设置变量的宽度、精度、对齐方式等。
下面是一个演示如何使用format函数进行格式化输出的例子:```pythonnum1 = 3.1415926num2 = 1000# 设置浮点数的精度为2位,宽度为10位,右对齐output1 = "num1的值是:{:>10.2f}".format(num1)# 设置整数的宽度为5位,左对齐,不足的部分用0填充output2 = "num2的值是:{:<05d}".format(num2)print(output1)print(output2)```运行以上代码,输出结果为:```num1的值是: 3.14num2的值是:1000```在这个例子中,我们使用了冒号:来指定格式化的方式。
format()函数返回值 c语言

format()函数返回值 c语言format()函数是C语言提供的一个用于格式化字符串的函数。
它是通过将不同数据类型的数据插入到一个字符串中的特定位置来创建一个新的字符串。
这个函数可以接受多个参数,并根据预定义的格式将它们插入到输出字符串中。
在C语言中,format()函数主要用于创建格式化的输出,以便更好地控制输出的样式和布局。
该函数的原型如下所示:```cint format(char *str, const char *format, ...);```其中,`str`是一个指向要输出的字符串的指针,并且必须具有足够的空间来存储格式化后的字符串。
`format`是一个字符串,指定了输出的格式。
参数列表`...`是一个可变参数列表,用于传递要格式化的数据。
通过使用format()函数,我们可以在输出中添加各种格式化的标记,如占位符、修饰符、对齐方式等。
下面是一些常用的格式化选项:- `%s`:用于打印字符串。
- `%c`:用于打印字符。
- `%d`或`%i`:用于打印有符号十进制整数。
- `%u`:用于打印无符号十进制整数。
- `%o`:用于打印八进制整数。
- `%x`或`%X`:用于打印十六进制整数。
- `%f`或`%F`:用于打印浮点数。
- `%e`或`%E`:用于打印科学计数法表示的浮点数。
- `%g`或`%G`:根据数值的大小选择`%f`或`%e`格式。
除了以上格式化选项外,还可以使用一些转义字符和修饰符来更好地控制输出的格式。
例如,`%5d`用于指定一个至少5个字符宽度的整数,如果实际值较小,则在左侧使用空格填充。
`%0.2f`用于指定一个带有两位小数的浮点数。
format()函数的返回值为格式化后的字符串的长度,如果发生错误则返回负数。
在使用这个函数之前,我们需要先为输出字符串分配足够的空间。
常见的做法是使用`sprintf()`函数来确定格式化字符串所需的空间,然后根据需要动态分配内存。
format函数返回数值类型

format函数返回数值类型
format函数是Python中常用的一个字符串格式化函数,它可以将原始的数据类型转换为字符串类型,并按照指定的格式输出。
除了可以格式化输出字符串之外,format函数还可以返回数值类型,比如整型、浮点型和复数等。
使用format函数返回数值类型的方法很简单,只需要在格式化字符串中使用相应的格式控制字符即可。
比如,使用'{:d}'可以将输出的结果转化为整型,使用'{:f}'可以将结果转化为浮点型,使用
'{:c}'可以将结果转化为字符型,使用'{:g}'可以将结果转化为一般型,使用'{:e}'可以将结果转化为科学计数法等等。
除了指定格式控制字符之外,还可以使用其他的格式化参数来进一步控制输出结果的格式。
比如,可以使用'{:d:04}'来输出四位整数,其中'04'表示输出结果的宽度为4位,不足部分前面用0填充。
总之,format函数是Python中一个非常强大的字符串格式化函数,它可以帮助我们快速、方便地将原始数据类型转换为字符串类型,并按照自己的需求进行格式化输出。
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格式输出函数Format
1、用格式输出函数format可以使数值或日期按指定的格
式输出。
格式:Format(数值表达式,格式字符串)
若省略格式字符串,则与str函数相似,不同的是当输出一个正数时,str函数会在输出值前产生一个空格,而format函数则不会。
使用该函数主要确定格式字符串。
格式字符串及用法如下:
2、举例:
(1) Print Format(1223.456, "#####,##.##") 输出:1,223.46
Print Format(25634, "########")
输出:25634
Print Format(850.72, "###.##")
输出:850.72
(2) Print Format(1223.456, "000,00.0000") 输出:01,223.4560
Print Format(25634, "00000000")
输出:00025634
Print Format(7.876, "000.00")
输出:007.88
(3) Print Format(.456, "#0.0%")
输出:45.6%
(4) Print Format(123.45, "$000.0")
输出:$123.5
(5) Print Format(123.45, "-000.0")
输出:-123.5
(6) Print Format(123.45, "+000.0")
输出:+123.5
(7) Print Format(12345.67, "0.00E+00")
输出:1.23E+04
(8) Print Format(.00012345, "0.00E+00")
输出:1.23E-04
3、练习:写出下列语句所对应的输出形式。
(1)A=3145.567
Print format(a,”##,0”)
Print format(a,”###,#0”)
Print format(a,”#.00E+00”)
Print format(a,”##,0.00”)
Print format(a,”00000,0.0”)
输出:3,146
3,146
3.15E+03
3,145.57
003,145.6
(2)print format(12345.6,”000,000.00”)
print format(12345.678,”###,###.##”) print format(12345.6,”###,##0.00”)
print format(12345.6,”$###,#0.00”)
print format(12345.6,”-###,##0.00”) print format(.123,”0.00%”)
print format(12345.6,”0.00E+00”)
print format(.1234567,”0.00E-00”)
输出:012,345.60
12,345.68
12,345.60
$12,345.60
-12,345.60
12.30%
1.23E+04
1.23E-01
4、注意:
Print format(12345.67,”####,#.##”)
输出:12,345.67
Print format(12345.67,”#,####.##”)
输出:12,345.67
Print format(12345.67,”,#####.##”) 错误Print format(12345.67,”#,####,.##”) 错误
逗号可以放在格式字符中小数点左边除头部和尾部的任何位置。
如果放在头部或尾部,则不能得到正确的结果。
保留一位小数 "0.0"保留两位小数
保留两位小数 "0.00"
保留三位小数 "0.000"。